scholarly journals Jerzy Grotowski a chiński teatr poszukujący i tajwański teatr tańca

Author(s):  
Izabella Łabędzka

This paper is devoted to the reception of Jerzy Grotowski’s ideas of theatre and actors’ training system in China and Taiwan at the end of the twentieth century. The author analyses the scope of Grotowski’s influence on Chinese and Taiwanese theatre reformers, stage directors and actors/dancers at a specific moment of deep social, cultural and political transformations in Asia. She also tries to determine the main reasons for Grotowski’s popularity in mainland China and Taiwan in the 80s and 90s.

Author(s):  
Adri Kácsor

Brawny male workers vs. bulging bourgeois men. Working-class mothers burdened by the hardship of poverty and childcare vs. elegant upper-class women enjoying a lifestyle of privilege. Such juxtaposed images of workers and the rich were prevalent in the visual culture of communism throughout the twentieth century, appearing on posters, illustrations, and other genres of political propaganda across countries and continents. Although these didactic propaganda images have rarely been considered in histories of modernism and the avant-garde, this article argues that they were among the key visual inventions of twentieth-century communist visual culture given their highly innovative aesthetics and juxtaposed structure that provided them a potential to become dialectical. Drawing on examples from interwar Europe and Soviet Russia, this article examines how didactic juxtapositions could become dialectical images, triggering political transformations while also making revolutionary class consciousness visible for the viewer.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Liang Gao ◽  
Hu Zhang ◽  
Hong Chai

As a crucial part of China’s healthcare reform, the Chinese Standardized Residency Training Program was released in mainland China in 2013. At the end of 2014, 55000 resident physicians had been trained in 8500 residency programs from 559 hospitals across the country. In 2016, the national government initiated the Chinese Subspecialty Fellowship Training Program (CSFTP) with the aim to establish an initial framework of the training by 2020. On June 12, 2017, the Chinese Medical Doctor Association, directly affiliated with the National Health and Family Planning Commission of China, officially announced the first group of hospitals for the pilot phase of CSFTP in three subspecialties, including neurosurgery, respiratory and critical care medicine, and cardiovascular disease. This paper highlights the current status and challenges of chinese residency and fellowship training system.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-118
Author(s):  
YERLAN ABIL ◽  
◽  
AIGUL KOSHERBAYEVA ◽  
MARIAN ABISHEVA ◽  
AIDANA ALDIYAROVA ◽  
...  

The article examines and analyzes the process of the formation and development of the public administration system in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Attention is paid to the period after Kazakhstan declared its independence and the Republic’s secession from the USSR in 1991. The article provides a detailed analysis of the three stages of administrative reform aimed at the formation of a modern system of public administration in Kazakhstan; the work also contains a detailed description of the regulatory documents adopted at each stage. The system of training and education of civil servants in the Republic of Kazakhstan is described in detail; the main element is universities, which are the foundation in the system of training civil servants. The system of civil service and civil service personnel training is shown in the context of the socio-economic and political transformations of the Republic, its fundamental legislative acts and regulations, decisions of the country’s authorities, strategies, and state programs. The authors emphasize the close interconnection between the civil service and civil service personnel training system with the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan as an integral and most important part of the state. At the beginning of the article, there is a comparative analysis of the socio-economic development of Kazakhstan, based on information from the official international indices of economic and social development.


Author(s):  
Sébastien Billioud

The introduction provides some background information about the Yiguandao, focusing on its historical roots, its ideology (spiritual lineages/daotong, syncretism, cosmology, millenarian eschatology), and its history across the twentieth century. The aim is to get a better understanding of what the Yiguandao has now become, that is to say, a transnational religious organization with a global footprint that currently attempts to reestablish itself in Mainland China where its expansion was strong before 1949. Mainland China, precisely, is the spiritual wilderness that the group ambitions to reclaim by promoting its Way of Heaven (Tiandao). The introduction also addresses the issue of fieldwork and more specifically participant observation and its difficulties in the context of new religions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-155
Author(s):  
Wlodzimierz Cieciura

This article examines the modern social history of Chinese Hui Muslims in the context of transregional connections within and beyond the borders of the two modern Chinese nation-states, the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of China on Taiwan. The article applies Engseng Ho’s concepts for the study of Inter-Asia to the biographical study of several prominent Hui religious professionals and intellectuals. The experiences and personal contributions to the development of modern Chinese Muslim culture of people like Imam Ma Songting are scrutinized, along with political and ideological conflicts over different visions of Chineseness and “Huiness” during the turbulent twentieth century. It is argued that when studying the social history of Chinese Muslims, researchers should not limit themselves to the religious activities of Hui elites that occurred within the confines of the two Chinese nation-states, but should also take into consideration the expansion of those elites’ religious activities abroad and the intensive circulation of knowledge across Inter-Asian spaces in which they participated.


2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (10) ◽  
pp. 1477-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
KATARZYNA BOŃKOWSKA ◽  
SZYMON SZYMCZAK ◽  
STANISŁAW CEBRAT

We have adapted the Penna ageing model to simulate the profound changes in the age structures of populations caused by the better life style, medical care and decrease in birth rate. In Poland, after the political transformations in the last decade of the twentieth century, the increase in the expected lifespan has been accompanied by very deep decrease in birthrate, much below the minimum necessary for keeping the constant size of the population. Our microscopic model describes the changes in the age structure which have already happened and predicts the future, assuming that our attitudes in respect to life style and social relations will not change.


1970 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Sahar Assaf

The directing profession worldwide is a relatively new trend. Its current conceptualization is roughly a hundred years old. It started at the end of the nineteenth century with the advent of modern naturalism and then became a form of art at the beginning of the twentieth century, especially after the explosion of different directing practices and methods, namely methods advocated by Antonin Artaud, Constantine Stanislavski, and Bretolt Brecht, among others. Rehearsals, or the practice sessions in preparation for the performance, obtained a fundamental role in theater-making and the director was placed at the top of the theater hierarchy.


2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-34
Author(s):  
Manuela Gieri

The paper presents an in-depth analysis of Tu ridi, a free adaptation of some of Luigi Pirandello’s short stories, realized by Paolo and Vittorio Taviani in 1998. Within a filmography largely characterized by an attention to the historical, social, and political transformations that Italy experienced over the second half of the twentieth century, special attention should be paid to the films the Tavianis made in a close dialogue with literature, a closeness that has always been particularly fortunate for both art forms. Over the decades, they have recurrently practised the art of adaptation bringing to the screen, among other literary texts, several of Luigi Pirandello’s short stories in films such as Tu ridi, and Kaos (1984). Unquestionably, literature has often been instrumental for the Tavianis’ investigation of reality, and my analysis will place in a close dialogue Tu ridi, their 1982 film La notte di San Lorenzo and, last but not least, Kaos, since in all tthree works the Tavianis’ agenda seems to be the same: to interrogate and overturn official historical discourse in order to unveil the complex and multifaceted truth that lies under the surface of things, and thus to rewrite the very narration about Neorealism and its overcoming.


2021 ◽  
pp. 181-195
Author(s):  
Juan Pablo Carvallo-Ochoa

Históricamente, la casa se ha constituido como el espacio fundamental que permite la realización de las actividades domésticas, la interrelación familiar y el desarrollo y afianzamiento del yo personal. Diversos autores concuerdan que durante el siglo XX suceden las mayores alteraciones en las estructuras sociales, entornos de ciudades y en la vivienda y sus espacios (Cañar & Torres, 2018); convirtiéndose esta, en el laboratorio de experimentación teórico y de aplicación práctica de los modernos estilos de vida (Añón, 2013). En el Ecuador, las transformaciones sociales, económicas y políticas de inicios de siglo, se dieron paralelamente a las transformaciones tecnológicas y energéticas, las cuales con mayor o menor demora llegaban a Cuenca. La presente investigación plantea estudiar la modernización de la casa burguesa en Cuenca, a partir de la identificación y análisis de las estrategias proyectuales aplicadas, en la casa Peña (1954) y la casa Vázquez (1962), por el Arq. Cesar Burbano Moscoso. Estas viviendas se caracterizaron por la innovación y búsqueda de una nueva manera de habitar, asumiendo los cambios que la ciudad exigió a mediados del siglo XX. En los dos casos se evidencia como la tipología tradicional de casa con patio interior, organizada centralmente y alineada y conectada a la calzada, se invierte y muta en una tipología radicalmente contraria, compuesta por construcciones aisladas y retiradas de la calle, modificando así las relaciones, internas de la casa y con la ciudad. El estudio explora procesos arquitectónicos, enfocando el interés en reconocer criterios y valores que provienen de las obras, así como elementos arquitectónicos y urbanos de un momento particular de la arquitectura cuencana. Palabras clave: Arquitectura moderna, vivienda moderna, transformaciones del espacio doméstico, Cesar Burbano Moscoso, Cuenca-Ecuador. AbstractHistorically, the house has been constituted as the fundamental space that allows the realization of domestic activities, family interrelationship and the development and strengthening of the personal self. Several authors agree that during the twentieth century the greatest alterations in social structures, city environments and housing and its spaces took place (Cañar & Torres, 2018); becoming the laboratory of theoretical experimentation and practical application of modern lifestyles (Añón, 2013). In Ecuador, the social, economic and political transformations at the beginning of the century were parallel to the technological and energy transformations, which with greater or lesser delay reached Cuenca. This research proposes to study the modernization of the bourgeois house in Cuenca, based on the identification and analysis of the applied project strategies, in the Peña House (1954) and the Vázquez House (1962), by the architect Cesar Burbano Moscoso. These houses have been characterized by innovation and the search for a new way of living, assuming the changes  that the city demanded in the mid-twentieth century. In both cases it is evident how the traditional typology of a house with an interior patio, centrally organized, aligned and connected to the road, is inverted and transformed into a radically opposite typology, composedof isolated structures and withdrawn from the street, thus modifying the internal relations to the house and with the city. The study explored architectural processes, approaching the interest in recognizing criteria and values that come from the works, as well as architectural and urban elements of a particular moment of Cuenca architecture. Keywords: Modern architecture, modern housing, transformations of domestic space, Cesar Burbano Moscoso, Cuenca-Ecuador


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