scholarly journals Analiza interartystyczna ekfraz: Lekcja muzyki Vermeera w interpretacji Adama Zagajewskiego i Joanny Pollakówny

2018 ◽  
pp. 17-37
Author(s):  
Rozalia Słodczyk

The article focuses on the issue of describing a work of art in an essay. The paper presents ekphrasis and underlines the efficiency of an inter-artistic analysis in studying the phenomenon of ekphrasis. An interpretation offragments of Zagajewski’s and Pollakówna’s essays starts with presenting two works of art, The Music Lesson and Girl Interrupted at Her Music by Vermeer, from the perspective of art history. It is followed by a discussion of the verbal accounts of the paintings by Zagajewski and Pollakówna. Their contents and poetics are examined with special emphasis placed on the nature of the suggested description as it may focus on either the subject or the viewer, the representation itself or its connotations. Accordingly, it is suggested that the corresponding modes of ekphrasis should be labelled ‘denotational’ and ‘connotational’. In his description, Zagajewski resorts to an example of connotational ekphrasis whereas Pollakówna’s textual relation is a fine example of mixing the denotational and connotational facets of ekphrasis. The article presents specifi realizations of ekphrasis and the characteristic modes of perceiving works of art and describing them. It also shows how the observer’s subjective perspective and idiomatic style of expression manifest themselves.

Art History ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colum Hourihane

Iconography is the description, classification, and interpretation of the subject matter of a work of art. Derived from the Greek words eikon, meaning image or icon, and graphia, meaning description, writing, or sketch, the word iconography is one of the least understood, most abused, and most flexible terms in the English language. Since iconography concerns itself with the subject matter and meaning of images in a very wide sense, it is nearly impossible to define its boundaries, and the term is now used to refer to areas outside of art history. This article deals exclusively with the Western world and does not refer to recent initiatives in the field in areas such as Asian, Buddhist, Chinese, or Native American iconography. Even though the term iconology was first referred to in the late medieval period and was brought into currency by scholars such as Aby Warburg and Erwin Panofsky at the start of the 20th century, it is usually seen as a separate area of research and will not be discussed here in detail. Recent work in the field of iconology has been significantly based on an anthropological approach to the work of art and has been spearheaded by such scholars as Hans Belting, Horst Bredekamp, Jean-Claude Schmitt, and others. The boundaries between iconography and iconology have become less clear over the centuries, and it is now frequently impossible to say where one begins and the other ends. In its truest meaning, iconology is the study of the work of art in its broadest context. Iconographical studies have now been applied to material that was previously considered outside of its remit. Instead of looking at traditional subjects such as animals or kingship it has now been applied to concepts such as light, sound, or narrative. This has been brought about because of the more holistic approach applied to studying works of art and our need to encompass elements outside of the work itself that also interact with it. As an intellectual activity, iconography starts with describing or reading an image, finding words that describe the content of that image, documenting what is seen, and trying to understand it. The verbal means we use to describe the visual range, from elaborate, evocative descriptions to short succinct words or codes; and many such standards exist. In the second half of the 19th century, photography began to reproduce works of art in quantity, and this impacted significantly on the development of art history and iconography as academic disciplines. The need to organize image collections into accessible and manageable subdivisions led to the creation of formalized and structured iconographic standards. One of the pioneering centers for the study of iconography is the Index of Medieval Art at Princeton University, which was founded in 1917 and still continues to support and direct research in the field as it has done for close to a century. From the 1940s onward, inspired by the Index and by library systems such as Dewey’s Decimal Classification, Henri van de Waal created the Iconclass system for the classification of iconographic subject matter, now a de facto standard used in many countries. Nowadays, the huge number of digital images has reinforced the need to use some form of subject access. Pattern recognition and automatic image annotation are only two of the directions in which researchers are working. The author would like to acknowledge Hans Brandhorst for his contribution to the article as well as colleagues in the Index of Medieval Art.


Author(s):  
Dana Arnold

‘What is art history?’ discusses the term art history and draws distinctions between it and art appreciation and art criticism. It also considers the range of artefacts included in the discipline and how these have changed over time. The work of art is our primary evidence, and it is our interaction between this evidence and methods of enquiry that forms art history. Art appreciation and criticism are also linked to connoisseurship. Although art is a visual subject, we learn about it through reading and we convey our ideas about it mostly in writing. The social and cultural issues articulated by art history are examined through an analysis of four very different works of art.


Philosophy ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 33 (124) ◽  
pp. 57-57
Author(s):  
W. D. Glasgow

The word “objective” is of course the trouble–maker here, Miss Smith assumes that if an aesthetic statement is held to be objective (or to have an objective reference) then it is the physical existence of the work of art (the picture or the sound of the music) that constitutes the objectivity: i.e. if a work of art is exteroceptively perceivable, then an aesthetic statement involving it is objective. Some writers, however (usually philosophical idealists) have held that in genuine works of art there is manifested an ultimate spiritual Reality (it might be called God) which we apprehend when we appreciate such works. On this theory, an aesthetic statement (“This picture is beautiful”) has an objective reference if the subject of it (the work of art) succeeds in expressing or communicating such a supersensible Reality: if it fails to do so, then the statement is subjective, i.e. it can be analysed completely into a statement about our feelings or emotions (e.g. “I like this picture”).


Following the recent ‘speculative turn’ in Continental philosophy, the aim of this volume is to propose a ‘counter-discourse’ of speculative approaches to art history. How could today’s materialist, realist, pragmatist, vitalist or object-oriented speculations offer alternatives to the mere complementarity of philosophy of art and art history, often based on mutual recognition and critical limitation rather than imaginative crossovers? What new intermedial methodologies for art and art historical writing do they provide? Or vice versa, how can the encounter with art induce new forms of philosophy? How do speculative concepts of time, past and contingency challenge typically modern engagements with art’s ‘history’? Is there, for example, an unexpected contemporary relevance for pre-modern, e.g. or mannerist or gothic ideas of art? Is it possible for art history to experience a work of art in its novelty beyond its historical facticity? And what is the speculative potential of works of art themselves? Does the speculative open up new ways of extending art into fields of biology, mathematics or the digital? What is the ‘thing’ or ‘object’ of art, whether inanimate or animate? What does it mean to have an ‘idea’? And finally, what remains of ‘beauty’ and ‘expressivity’, after decades of critical mistrust and embarrassed deconstruction?


Tekstualia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (49) ◽  
pp. 65-78
Author(s):  
Justyna Pyra

The article begins with an analysis of two works of art: the photography Self Portrait as a Drowned Man by Hippolyte Bayard (1839–1840), which is one of the fi rst photographs in history, and the painting The Wounded Man by Gustave Courbet (1845–1854). Both these images use the same iconographic theme: the death of the author. This comparison leads to a refl ection about the intersections of photography and death, in an artistic as well as an anthropological sense. The similarity of the subject of both the works, and their rootedness in the time of creation, induce a variety of questions: what was the status of photography shortly after the invention of this medium? How did it affect the notion of art, the social position of the artist, the comprehension of realism, and fi nally – the perception of the world itself? The article tries to answer some of these questions by bringing out the picture of a specifi c moment in (art) history, when both man’s interest in death and the realist’s aspiration to create mimetic representations have found a new refl ection in art thanks to photography.


2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 110
Author(s):  
Б. Хасен ◽  
Ә. Даниял

Аңдатпа. Мақалада метафора және метонимия ұғымдары енгізілген, сонымен қатар әдебиеттанушы ғалымдардың зерттеуіне жан-жақты талдау жасалынған, біз оқуды жеңілдету үшін Ахмет Байтұрсыновтың нұсқаларын қолдану дұрыс болады деген ойды зерттеу арқылы жеткізгіміз келеді. Ұлттық әдебиеттану ғылымы қазір қолданып жүрген негізгі терминдер мен категориялар, сондай-ақ, ұғымдардың қазақша өте дәл, ықшам, оңтайлы баламаларының басым көпшілігі тұңғыш рет осы зерттеуде жасалғанын ашып айтатын уақыт жетті. Бұл ретте, Ахмет Байтұрсынов - тіл терминдерін жасауда қандай кемеңгер, данышпан болса, әдебиеттану, өнертану, фольклортану терминдерін жасауда да сондай кемеңгер, данышпан. Бастысы, ол ұсынған термин мәселесінде бірде бір грек, латын не болмаса орыс сөзін қолданбайды. Барлығын қазақы дүниетанымнан, әрбір сөздің өз түбірінен, өз төркінен алып, соны термин етіп түсіндіреді. Бұл да оқушының өзіндік туа бітті жаратылысына лайық, ақылына қонымды тәсіл. Осы тұрғыда «Әдебиет танытқыш» – әдебиетті танытудың шынайы тәсілдерін қолданған. Сондықтан оқырман жүрегінің төрінен орын алып отыр. Кез келген көркем шығарма жаратылыстың сырлы сыпаттарын көркем тілмен баян етеді. Біз әдебиетті тануда, талдауда көркем туындылардан сол сырлы сыпаттарды іздейміз. Ал материалдан тыс теориялар мен анықтамалар ойлап тауып, соларды материалға теліп талдау – барып тұрған сауатсыздық. Өкініштісі, біздің мектептерде сол сауатсыздық салтанат құрып тұр. Әсіресе, әдебиетті оқытуда. Мақалда осы артықшылықтар талдап көрсетілген. Түйін сөздер: метонимия, метафора.   *** Аннотация. В статье вводятся понятия метафоры и метонимии, а также, проведен всесторонний анализ на исследование литературоведов, путем исследования хотим доносить мысль, что будет правильно использовать варианты Ахмета Байтурсунова для легкости обучения. Настало время раскрыть, что основные термины и категории, используемые в отечественной науке литературоведения, а также подавляющее большинство очень точных, кратких, оптимальных альтернатив казахским понятиям были впервые разработаны в этом исследовании. В то же время Ахмет Байтурсынов столь же гениален и гениален в разработке языковых терминов, как и в создании терминов литературной критики, искусствоведения, фольклора. Главное, что он не использует греческие, латинские или русские слова в предложенном термине. Он берет все из казахского мировоззрения, каждое слово из своего корня, своего собственного значения и интерпретирует его как термин. Это тоже разумный подход, достойный врожденного характера студента. В связи с этим «Әдебиет танытқыш» - использовались реальные методы подачи литературы. Вот почему это в сердце читателя. Любое произведение искусства выражает таинственные свойства природы в художественном языке. При распознавании и анализе литературы мы ищем эти таинственные качества в произведениях искусства. И изобретать теории и определения вне материала и анализировать их в материале - постоянная неграмотность. К сожалению, эта неграмотность широко распространена в наших школах. Особенно в изучении литературы. В статье анализируются эти преимущества. Ключевые слова: метонимия, метафора.   *** Abstract. The article introduces the concepts of metaphor and metonymy, as well as a comprehensive analysis of the study of literary critics, through research we want to convey the idea that it will be correct to use the options of Akhmet Baitursunov for ease of learning. It is time to discover that the basic terms and categories used in the domestic science of literary criticism, as well as the vast majority of very accurate, concise, optimal alternatives to Kazakh concepts, were first developed in this study. At the same time, Akhmet Baitursynov is just as brilliant and brilliant in developing language terms as in creating terms of literary criticism, art history, and folklore. The main thing is that he does not use Greek, Latin or Russian words in the proposed term. He takes everything from the Kazakh worldview, each word from its root, its own meaning and interprets it as a term. This is also a reasonable approach, worthy of the inborn character of the student. In this regard, “ Әдебиет танытқыш ” - real methods of presenting literature were used. That is why it is in the heart of the reader. Any work of art expresses the mysterious properties of nature in an artistic language. In the recognition and analysis of literature, we look for these mysterious qualities in works of art. And to invent theories and definitions outside the material and analyze them in the material is constant illiteracy. Unfortunately, this illiteracy is widespread in our schools. Especially in the study of literature. The article analyzes these benefits. Keywords: metonymy, metaphor.


Author(s):  
Alexandru Molcosean

In this article is approach the subject of the formative assessment in the history lessons through the artistic literature. We aim to analyze the normative acts that governing the evaluation process in the general education and to subsequently offer a series of works of art that address a certain historical period. The reason why we resorted to this approach is to encourage the reading process among the students while helping them to better understand historical events and processes. Towards the end, we offer an example of composing an evaluation tasks based on a work of art.


Author(s):  
Yulia Sergeevna Meretskaya

The object of this research is the artistic heritage of Slovenian painter and teacher of painting Anton Ažbe (1862-1905) and its interpretation in the works of art historians and testimonies of his students and contemporaries. The subject of this research is the graphic and painting works of Anton Ažbe. The goal consists in reconsideration of the existing within modern art history understanding of the vector of creative path of the painter. Particular attention is given to his painting “The Black Girl” and clarification of the date of its creation. In the course of writing this article, the author applied the method of formal-stylistic analysis for meeting the precise purpose of the article. The scientific novelty of this study consists in reinterpretation of creative development of the Slovenian painter and teacher of painting Anton Ažbe based on the new information of the date of creation of one of his signature paintings – “The Black Girl”. The main conclusion lies in characteristics of the evolutionary stages of creative development of Anton Ažbe.


Paragraph ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-358
Author(s):  
Brigid Doherty

This article analyses a footnote to the third version of the ‘Work of Art’ essay in which Walter Benjamin presents an account of ‘a certain oscillation’ between ‘cult value’ and ‘exhibition value’ as typical of the reception of all works of art. Benjamin's example in that footnote is the Sistine Madonna (1512–13), a painting by Raphael in the Dresden Gemäldegalerie that has played an important part in German aesthetics since Winckelmann. Benjamin's footnote on the Sistine Madonna, along with his critique of Hegel's aesthetics in that context, demand to be understood in relation to his remarks on Dada elsewhere in the artwork essay, and to his claim that technological reproducibility leads to the ‘actualization’ of the original reproduced. In that connection, the article concludes with an analysis of Kurt Schwitters's 1921 montage picture Knave Child Madonna with Horse.


Author(s):  
Marija Brajčić ◽  
Dubravka Kuščević

The pupils are allowed, through structured observation and reception of works of art, to develop and improve their perception and intellect, as well as their moral and aesthetic attitudes. Learning to perceive, enjoy and evaluate works of art provides opportunities for creating ideas and thinking on different levels. The subject of this research are the reactions of third- and fourth-grade pupils to the art of Gustav Klimt. The research sample consisted of 282 pupils, of which 142 were female and 140 males. The results indicate high levels of perception, acceptance and interpretation of Klimt`s art


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