An evaluation of Nigerian timber production and forest reserves: focus on economic implications of food security, 1981 - 2014

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1836-1862
Author(s):  
Kelechi Johnmary Ani ◽  
Gerald Nwadike ◽  
Ijeoma Genevieve Anikelechi
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
National Development ◽  
Structural Var ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Forest Reserves ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Research Findings

The place of timber and forest reserves to national development cannot be neglected. This study evaluates level of timber production and forests reserves as well as its implications for food security in Nigeria from 1981 to 2014. The objective of the study is to evaluate the significant impact of timber production and forests reserves on food security in Nigeria. In an attempt to examine this, error correction model diagnostic tests process ECM, ADF unit root test, Structural VAR approach, and Co-integration test were employed in the data analysis. The research findings revealed that timber production and forests reserves have significant impact on food security in Nigerian economy within the period under review. In the light of the research findings, the researcher recommends that Timber production and forests reserves should be strengthened to increase the effect of forests reserves on food security in the country. This can be achieved through increased productivity and the development of agriculture value chain in federal government policy and implementation process.

scholarly journals THE CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN GDP, ENERGY CONSUMPTION, POPULATION, AND OIL PRICE: EVIDENCE FROM VIETNAM

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngoc Thuy Ho ◽  
Wann Yi Wu ◽  
Adriana Amaya Rivas ◽  
Phuoc Thien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Granger Causality ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose of this study: This study aims to examine the relationship between energy consumption, gross domestic product, and population for the period of 1985-2015. Methodology: The research questions for this study are as follows: (1) What is the association among energy consumption, GDP, population, and oil price? (2) Which suggestions can be provided on the basis of the research findings? Unit root test, co-integration test, VECM model, and Granger causality are employed to analyze the association among the aforementioned variables. Main Findings: Firstly, the results show the existence of co-integration among the variables. By employing the Granger causality, the research findings demonstrate a unidirectional causality running from population to energy consumption, a unidirectional causality running from energy consumption to gross domestic product, and a unidirectional causality running from population to gross domestic product. Implications: With these results, it is suggested that Vietnam should promote the growth of the population and the energy policies to generate economic growth. Novelty: To the best of our knowledge, this study extends the scarce literature that provides empirical findings regarding this issue.

Command Agriculture and Food Security: An Interrogation of State Intervention in the Post-Fast Track Land Redistribution Era in Zimbabwe

2020 ◽  
pp. 002190962097933
Author(s):  
Langton Makuwerere Dube
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Fast Track ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Credit Access ◽  
Land Redistribution ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
Fiscal Prudence

Command agriculture is a contract farming scheme necessitated by land redistribution that ruptured Zimbabwe’s sources of resilience, distorted credit access, heightened tenure insecurity, and spiked vulnerability to droughts. Using qualitative analysis of extant literature, this article rationalizes the program’s nobility of cause but argues that the program alone cannot revamp agriculture. Notwithstanding how the program has evolved, revamping agriculture also encompasses policies that address fiscal prudence and macroeconomic resilience. Equally important is agricultural training that fosters skills and technologies that are not only climate-responsive but also meet the demands of the constantly evolving agrarian value chain.

scholarly journals El Nino-Southern Oscillation Influences on Food Security

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Olivia Muza
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
El Niño ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Food Policy ◽  
El Nino ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Niño Southern Oscillation ◽  
El Nino Southern Oscillation ◽  
Strategic Partnerships

El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is the most recurrent change in climate impacting agriculture productivity and food security. This study investigates ENSO impacts on four cereal crops (maize, millet, sorghum and wheat) using crop production and climate datasets spanning the years 1960-2015. The results of this study reveal that during El Nino (La Nina) maize, sorghum and wheat production decreases (increases) while that of millet increases (decreases). Even though, the correlation is statistically significant for maize only, the outcome is a call to review the macro-food policy taking into account ENSO-related phase effects to redress food insecurity. The study recommends incentives for agricultural productivity including irrigation intensification and small grain value chain development, trade and food security arrangements, income generation opportunities and strategic partnerships for improved food and nutrition security.

scholarly journals Impact of International Trade and Trade Duties on Current Account Balance of the Balance of Payment: A study of N-11 Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-32
Author(s):  
Imtiaz Arif ◽  
Lubna Khan ◽  
Fatima Farooq ◽  
Tahir Suleman
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Current Account Deficit ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Current Account Balance ◽  
Test Panel ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Impact

This study is aimed to investigate the impact of international trade and trade duties upon the current account balance of the balance of payment of N-11 countries. Two constituents of each factor have been considered for the purpose of analysis. For International trade, import (IMPT) and export (EXPT) of goods and services have been considered whereas, for trade duties, taxes on international trade (TOIT) and customs and other import duties (CID) have been taken as the research variables whereas, current account balance (CAB) has been taken as the dependent variable. For the purpose of analysis panel data of N-11 countries for 27 years from 1990 to 2016 has been tested using different econometric technique such as Panel unit root test, Panel co-integration test, Hausman test, Panel regression analysis and Panel causality analysis. The results demonstrate that overall research variables are co-integrated and having long term relationship and affecting each other in the conventional manner. Notably, it is observed via results that in case of N-11 countries the CAB itself is the regulating factor and all other factors are adjusted according to the movement of CAB. The study provides recommendations for the rectification of current account deficit position and also provides scope for future research as well.

scholarly journals Demonstrating the full-value chain of climate services in Southern Africa: the FOCUS-Africa project

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Boscolo ◽  
Hamid Bastani ◽  
Asmerom Beraki ◽  
Nicolas Fournier ◽  
Raül Marcos-Matamoros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
End Users ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Climate Information ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
Wide Range

<p><strong><em>FOCUS-Africa</em></strong> is an EU Horizon 2020 project funded to co-develop tailored climate services in the Southern African Development Community (SADC) region. The project, led by the WMO and started in September 2020, gathers 16 partners across Africa and Europe jointly committed to addressing the value of climate services for key economic sectors in Africa: agriculture and food security, water, energy, and infrastructure.</p><p>The project is piloting eight case studies (CSs) in five different countries involving a wide range of end-users. New services derived from seasonal and decadal forecasts are applied for food security and crop production in South Africa, Malawi, Mozambique, and Tanzania. High-resolution climate projections, as well as historical climate reanalyses, are used to support planning and investment decisions for: a railway infrastructure and a mix of renewable energies in Tanzania, hydropower generation assessment under climate change scenarios in Malawi, and water resources management in Mauritius.</p><p>For all the FOCUS-Africa’s case studies, socio-economic impact assessment of the delivered climate services will be carried out in collaboration with the CS leaders, service providers, and end-users, by providing ex-ante and ex-post evaluations grounded in the Global Indicator Framework for the Sustainable Development Goals. The project will align the capacity development efforts with those promoted by WMO for enhancing the capabilities of the NMHSs to deliver climate services to users and will make sure that the project's innovative processes and tools will be part of the WMO training curricula.</p><p>FOCUS-Africa's expected impacts are:</p><ul><li>Build a strong link between the climate scientific community and stakeholders in the SADC region by leveraging the advanced scientific knowledge and strong networks of the implementing team, and by establishing dedicated channels of communications, so as to target the full value chain of our users, from the start of the project</li> <li>Advance the way in which climate information is developed by characterising end-use requirements through regular engagement</li> <li>Contribute to the advancement of the scientific knowledge in the region and strengthened support for international scientific assessments through publications and reports such as those relevant for the IPCC, through the innovative science developed by FOCUS-Africa</li> <li>Demonstrate the effectiveness of the climate information by strengthening the adaptive capacity of end-users by delivering tailored, actionable, and exploitable climate services and by estimating their socio-economic benefits across the full value chain.</li> <li>Enhance policy-making for climate adaptation in the project and other countries</li> <li>Increase women’s access to climate services</li> </ul>

scholarly journals The effect of the stratospheric QBO on the neutral density of the D region

2015 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selçuk Sağır ◽  
Ramazan Atıcı ◽  
Osman Özcan ◽  
Nurullah Yüksel
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Solar Maximum ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Multiple Regression Model ◽  
Neutral Density ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Ion Chemistry ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
D Region ◽  
The Relationship

<p>A multiple regression model, which defines relationship between two variables, is used to perform a statistical analysis of the relationship between the stratospheric QBO and the neutral density of the D region (N<sub>n</sub>D) at altitudes of 75 km and 90 km for Singapore station. While performing the analysis, the solar maxima and solar minima epochs of the sun for 21st, 22nd and 23rd solar cycles (SCs) are taken into account. Before applying the model for the statistical analysis of the relationship, the stationary of the variables is investigated by using the unit root test. The relationship between the variables is also investigated by using the co-integration test. The relationship between N<sub>n</sub>D measured at 75 km altitude and QBO obtained at altitude of 10 hPa is observed that it is positive for solar maximum epoch at 21st and 23rd SCs and for solar minimum epoch at 21st SC and is negative at the other epochs. The relationship between N<sub>n</sub>D measured at 90 km altitude and QBO is observed to be negative at both the solar maxima expect for solar maximum of 23rd SC and the solar minima epochs. The relationship between variables is positive for both phases (east and west) of QBO. Thus, QBO leads to a statistical change in the N<sub>n</sub>D. It may also give rise to changes on the ion chemistry of the D region.</p>

scholarly journals HINTERLAND MEDAN CITY BETWEEN BINJAI CITY: A GRAVITATION APPROACH

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Muhammad Nasir
Keyword(s):  
Impulse Response Function ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Gravity Models ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Hierarchical Relationship ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
Variable Population ◽  
Vecm Granger Causality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The City

Regional economy explains that there is an urban hierarchical relationship, cities that have higher hierarchy will serve cities that are below it as well as cities that are in the hierarchy undersupplying cities that are in the hierarchy above them, so there is a gravitational relationship between the two. This study aims to determine the gravitational relationship of Medan city to the hinterland of the city of Binjai. Furthermore, this study also wants to explain its influence on economic growth in both cities. This analysis tools used are descriptive statistics, gravity models, unit root test, co-integration test, optimal lag, VECM, Granger causality test, impulse response function, and variance decomposition. The results showed that the city of Medan has a gravity style greater than the gravitational style of the city of Binjai. The VECM estimation results show that the gravitational variable in the city of Binjai in lag -1 and lag-2 has a positive and significant effect on the economy of Medan city. Then the economic variable of the city of Binjai itself in lag-1, the population of the city of Medan in lag-2 and the gravity of the city of Medan in lag-2 had a positive and significant effect on the economy of Binjai city. While the variable population of Binjai city in lag -1 and residents of the city of Medan in lag -1 negatively affected the economy of Binjai city.

scholarly journals COINTEGRATING RELATION BETWEEN EXCHANGE RATE AND GOLD PRICE

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 263-269
Author(s):  
Ranjusha ◽  
Devasia ◽  
Nandakumar
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Time Series Data ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Gold Price ◽  
Series Data ◽  
Annual Data ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Integration Test ◽  
The Relationship

The very purpose of this paper is to analyse the relationship between gold price and Rupee – Dollar exchange rate in India. The study utilises the annual data of exchange Rate (ER) and Gold Price (GP) from 1970 to 2015 to determine the relationship. Different econometric tools like Unit root test, Johansen co integration test, Vector error correction model, Granger causality test are used for detecting the long run relation, if any between the mentioned variables. The result shows that there exists a long run cointegrating relation between the variables. That is we can stabilise the Gold Price movement by controlling the exchange rate fluctuations. Likewise it also shows that Exchange rate doesn’t Granger cause to Gold price and vice versa. It means that the time series data of one vasriable cannot be used to predict another.

scholarly journals Prospects and Constraints of Transplanted Maize, Wheat, Sorghum and Pearl Millet: A Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 24-43
Author(s):  
Saikat Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Plant Stand ◽  
Nutritional Benefits ◽  
Direct Sowing

Cereal crops such as maize, wheat, sorghum and pearl millet are important for human consumption due to their nutritional benefits. These cereals play pivotal roles to meet world’s food demand. However, maintenance of food security particularly in the circumstance of changing climate, constantly urges for modification of agro-techniques and one such modification is the incorporation of transplanting technique in these cereals as an alternative under a non-practicable situation of direct sowing. Transplanting is a method of transferring seedlings grown in nursery or others to the field. It has been already found to shorten the crop duration and improve germination, plant stand, seed and seedling quality parameters, growth, yield and economic profitability of these cereals. Besides, research findings are also available stating that transplanting helps these cereals to cope up with vagaries of weather and to exhibit greater radiation and water use efficiencies and suppression of weeds. Outcomes of transplanting are however dependent on various factors like methods of nursery raising, the variety used, mode of planting, age of seedlings etc. In spite of these prospects, transplanting technique is not so popular in these cereals due to poor dissemination, discouraging research findings, pest and disease problems, lack of suitable package of practices etc. Therefore, focuses are to be given in conducting more and more research trials to confirm its location and situation wise efficacy and also in developing and disseminating a suitable package of practices of transplanting accordingly.

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