Prosodic templates in Algonquian reduplication and initial change

2021 ◽  
pp. 17-48
Author(s):  
Monica Macaulay ◽  
Joseph Salmons
Keyword(s):  
Initial Change

Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua T. McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Income Tax ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Tax Credits ◽  
Primary Method ◽  
Tax Relief ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cash Benefits ◽  
Child Tax Credit ◽  
Family Allowances ◽  
Initial Change

Chapter 4 examines how Canadian policymakers’ renewed promise to tackle child poverty translated into the Child Tax Benefit, the nonrefundable Child Tax Credit, and the Working Income Tax Benefit. Whereas the logic of tax relief served as the springboard for fiscalization in the US, the logic of income supplementation drove the process in Canada. This difference had important implications for the shape and scope of Canadian tax credits, enabling them to significantly reduce child poverty relative to the much weaker outcomes in the US. Family allowances offered policymakers an alternative to welfare as the primary method of delivering cash benefits to children. Canadian policymakers, including conservative policymakers and profamily groups, saw expanding child tax credits as a way to “take children off welfare” by redirecting benefits through a nonstigmatizing program. The initial change occurred under the Progressive Conservatives in 1992 and was consolidated under the Liberals in 1997.

Initial Change in the Occlusal Force and Occlusal Contact Area Following Single Molar Implant Restoration

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139-1146
Author(s):  
Ye-Jin Kim ◽  
Kyung-Ho Ko ◽  
Yoon-Hyuk Huh ◽  
Lee-Ra Cho ◽  
Chan-Jin Park
Keyword(s):  
Contact Area ◽  
Occlusal Force ◽  
Occlusal Contact ◽  
Implant Restoration ◽  
Initial Change

Activity of neurons in cerebellar-receiving and pallidal-receiving areas of the thalamus of the behaving monkey

1991 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 879-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. E. Anderson ◽  
R. S. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Globus Pallidus ◽  
Cerebellar Nuclei ◽  
Free Form ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Thalamic Neurons ◽  
Internal Globus Pallidus ◽  
Reaching Task ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lateral Nucleus ◽  
Initial Change

1. Thalamic neurons that receive synaptic input from the globus pallidus or the cerebellar nuclei were identified in awake monkeys trained to perform an arm-reaching task. The location of electrophysiologically identified cerebellar-receiving (CR) and pallidal-receiving (PR) neurons was used to identify a total of 264 thalamic neurons in cerebellar (CB) or pallidal (GP) regions of the thalamus. 2. Stimulation in the brachium conjunctivum or white matter adjacent to the cerebellar nuclei excited 85 neurons in the thalamus at short latencies. These CR neurons were located in the oral portion of the ventral posterolateral nucleus (VPLo), in caudal portions of the ventral lateral nucleus (VLc), and in area X. 3. Stimulation in the internal globus pallidus (GPi) inhibited 10 thalamic neurons at short latency. These PR neurons were located in rostral portions of VLc, in the oral part of the ventral lateral nucleus (VLo), and in the parvicellular part of the ventral anterior nucleus (VApc). 4. There was no clear single somatotopic organization of neurons in CB and GP regions of the thalamus, as defined by "free-form" responses to passive manipulation and observation of eye movements. There was, in fact, a tendency for two representations, each, of the head/eye/mouth cells and cells with modifications of activity in response to manipulation of the arm. 5. During the hold period before illumination of a visual target, the mean firing rates and variability of discharge of arm-related CR and PR neurons did not differ significantly. This was also true for the total sample of arm-related neurons in the CB versus GP regions. 6. The activity of many neurons in both the CB and GP regions began to change before the reaching movement and, for some, before the earliest recorded changes in electromyographic (EMG) activity. The initial change was an increase in discharge for greater than 75% of the cells studied in both the CB and GP regions. 7. During the reaching task, there also was no significant difference in the time of the initial change in discharge of neurons in the CB versus GP regions of the thalamus. 8. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that the initial task-related change in discharge of PR thalamic neurons is dominated by input from the cerebral cortex and that pallidal input modulates later phases of their movement-related changes in activity.

Adaptation to hypercapnia vs. intracellular pH in cat carotid body: responses in vitro

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 1090-1099 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Lahiri ◽  
R. Iturriaga ◽  
A. Mokashi ◽  
F. Botre ◽  
D. Chugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Intracellular Ph ◽  
Baseline Level ◽  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
Extracellular Ph ◽  
Carotid Bodies ◽  
Initial Peak ◽  
Initial Change

The hypotheses that the chemosensory discharge rate parallels the intracellular pH (pHi) during hypercapnia and that the initial change in pHi (delta pHi) is always more than the stead-state delta pHi were studied by using cat carotid bodies in vitro at 36.5 degrees C in the absence and presence of methazolamide (30-100 mg/l). Incremental acidic hypercapnia was followed by an incremental initial peak response and a greater adaptation. A given acidic hypercapnia elicited a rapid initial response followed by a slower adaptation; isohydric hypercapnia produced an equally rapid initial response but of smaller magnitude that returned to near-baseline level; alkaline hypercapnia induced a similar rapid initial response but one of still smaller magnitude that decreased rapidly to below the baseline. Methazolamide eliminated the initial overshoot, which also suggested involvement of the initial rapid pHi in the overshoot. These results show that the initial delta pHi is always greater than the steady-state delta pHi and during hypercapnia. Also, the steady-state chemoreceptor activity varied linearly with the extracellular pH, indicating a linear relationship between extracellular pH and pHi.

Mode of action of choline. III. Metabolism of nonessential fatty acids in choline-deficient rats

1969 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 619-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Chalvardjian
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Thin Layer ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Hepatic Lipids ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Serum Phospholipids ◽  
Early Alteration ◽  
Initial Change

To investigate the increase in ratio of C16 to C18 nonessential fatty acids in hepatic triglycerides of choline-deficient rats, two groups of rats fed, respectively, a choline-deficient and a choline-supplemented diet for 3–4 days were injected either with 1-14C-acetate intraperitoneally or with a mixture of 9,10-3H-palmitate and 18-14C-stearate intravenously. The choline-deficient and choline-supplemented rats were killed 3 h after labelled acetate injection. Further groups of choline-deficient and choline-supplemented rats were killed at intervals of 1 min to 6 h after injection with labelled palmitate and stearate. Extracts of lipids from livers and sera were analyzed by gas–liquid and thin-layer chromatography. In the choline-deficient rats injected with 1-14C-acetate the ratio of C16 to C18 labelled fatty acids incorporated into hepatic and serum triglycerides was increased and the ratio of those incorporated into hepatic and serum phospholipids was decreased. The ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids incorporated into the triglycerides and phospholipids of liver and serum of the choline-deficient rats was decreased compared to that of the choline-supplemented rats. Similar differences between the two groups of rats were evident in the hepatic lipids of animals injected with 3H-palmitate and 14C-stearate. The early alteration of the ratios of hepatic nonessential fatty acids suggests that the initial change is a decreased desaturation of fatty acids.

scholarly journals S87. THE INITIAL CHANGE IN THE SERUM LEVEL OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN IN ACUTE PSYCHOSIS IS ASSOCIATED WITH COGNITIVE PERFORMANCE IN LATER PHASES

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S358-S359
Author(s):  
Farivar Fathian ◽  
Else-Marie Løberg ◽  
Rolf Gjestad ◽  
Vidar Martin Steen ◽  
Rune Kroken ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Level ◽  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Acute Psychosis ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Initial Change

Control of breathing at the start of exercise as influenced by posture

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 1460-1466 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Weiler-Ravell ◽  
D. M. Cooper ◽  
B. J. Whipp ◽  
K. Wasserman
Keyword(s):  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Co2 Output ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
Initial Change

It has been suggested that the initial phase of the ventilatory response to exercise is governed by a mechanism which responds to the increase in pulmonary blood flow (Q)--cardiodynamic hyperpnea. Because the initial change in stroke volume and Q is less in the supine (S) than in the upright (U) position at the start of exercise, we hypothesized that the increase in ventilation would also be less in the first 20 s (phase I) of S exercise. Ten normal subjects performed cycle ergometry in the U and S positions. Inspired ventilation (VI), O2 uptake (VO2), CO2 output (VCO2), corrected for changes in lung gas stores, and end-tidal O2 and CO2 tensions were measured breath by breath. Heart rate (HR) was determined beat by beat. The phase I ventilatory response was markedly different in the two positions. In the U position, VI increased abruptly by 81 +/- 8% (mean +/- SE) above base line. In the S position, the phase I response was significantly attenuated (P less than 0.001), the increase in VI being 50 +/- 6%. Similarly, the phase I VO2 and VO2/HR responses reflecting the initial increase in Q and stroke volume, were attenuated (P less than 0.001) in the S posture, compared with that for U; VO2 increased 49 +/- 5.3 and 113 +/- 14.7% in S and U, respectively, and VO2/HR increased 16 +/- 3.0 and 76 +/- 7.1% in the S and U, respectively. The increase in VI correlated well with the increase in VO2, (r = 0.80, P less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

"Père Céleste, La Créature Était Bilingue" ("Heavenly Father, the creature was bilingual"): Beckett De L'anglais Au Français

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Tom Bishop
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Bilingual Writing ◽  
Initial Change

Beckett represents a unique case of bilingual writing, not only because he self-translated (or self-adapted) his writing in the other language, but also because, as of the time he decided to write in French (and after having written only in French for some ten years) he uses both languages as language of first composition for the remainder of his life. In Beckett, there is not just a double creation but in fact a quadruple creation. We view the period of and the reasons for this initial change and then examine and illustrate the singularities of these four variables in Beckett's work.

scholarly journals Biomechanical Alterations Caused by Musculo’s Keletal Bleedings.

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hofmann ◽  
G. Schumpe ◽  
H.H. Brackmann
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Weight Bearing ◽  
Skeletal Growth ◽  
Skeletal System ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Bleeding Events ◽  
Coagulation Defect ◽  
Biomechanical Parameters ◽  
Muscular Imbalance ◽  
Initial Change

10,000 bleeding events into the musculo-skeletal system of 500 hemophiliacs were brought into statistical relation with the clinical and radiological findings. A significant interaction between alteration of distinct biomechanical parameters and the frequency of musculo-skeletal - especially intraarticular - hemorrhages was seen. The initial change due to intraarticular hemorrhage was found to be muscular imbalance leading to a) malpositions of the articular axes, b)excentric restriction of movement, c) reduced weight bearing capacity. Unphysiological gait results and induces an increased frequency of local bleedings as well as biomechanically predetermined overstresses within ipsilateral joints and muscles. The latter induces joint or muscle bleedings in the presence of hemophilic coagulation defect. The alterations mentioned above are amplified by skeletal growth.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document