Kant on Civil Self-Sufficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Davies
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Private Individual

Abstract Kant distinguishes between ‘active’ and ‘passive’ citizens and holds that only the former are civilly self-sufficient and possess rights of political participation. Such rights are important, since for Kant state institutions are a necessary condition for individual freedom. Thus, only active citizens are entitled to contribute to a necessary condition for the freedom of each. I argue that Kant attributes civil self-sufficiency to those who are not under the authority of any private individual for their survival. This reading is more textually grounded than the dominant reading, which understands civil self-sufficiency in terms of economic relations alone. I further argue that Kant was interested in relations of authority because he was concerned to eliminate certain forms of corruption. This indicates that Kant’s contested distinction between active and passive citizens was a response to a key problem of any account of public lawgiving.

scholarly journals "Our Freedom": Sovereignty in Rural Russia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-168
Author(s):  
Laura Kuen ◽  
Yury Snigirev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Environment ◽  
Local Church ◽  
Documentary Film ◽  
Good Life ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Individual Freedom ◽  
Philosophical Question ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Governmental Intervention

Our Freedom, the 52 min. documentary film explores everyday forms of individual freedom in contemporary rural Russia. Living remote and mostly beyond the reach of direct governmental intervention, the inhabitants of Pungino village live out their forms of sovereignty. In personal proximity to the protagonists, the film explores the possibilities and practices that emerge when money is scarce, time is abundant, and neither help nor control of the state seems present. While people garden, forage, hunt or reconstruct the local church, they address the philosophical question of what it means to have a good life: the connection with the natural environment and the protective role of community bonds surface as just as important as the capacity to act independently through self-sufficiency and craftsmanship.

scholarly journals Financial self-sufficiency of local budgets in the context of realization of financial decentralization reform

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (99) ◽  
pp. 259-275
Author(s):  
O. V. Rolinskyi ◽  
◽  
B. S. Huzar ◽  
S. A. Ptashnyk
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Strategic Action ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Local Finance ◽  
Finance Management ◽  
Tax Legislation ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Decentralization Reform

The article highlights the current state of the formation of local budgets in the context of decentralization of financial resources, taking into account the changes made to the budget and tax legislation, the analysis of the revenue and expenditure parts of the local budget is carried out. On the basis of the study, the problems and ways of strengthening the financial base of local self-government bodies have been identified. The main tasks of budget decentralization have been formulated. The sources of filling and problems in the field of formation of local budgets in Ukraine are indicated. According to the Strategic Action Plan of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine for 2018–2021. the key priorities of Ukraine in the field of public finance management are the efficient execution of budgets and the optimization of resource allocation between the levels of the budgetary system. The fulfillment of these tasks is also the focus of the reform of financial decentralization, which began in Ukraine in 2015 and is aimed at strengthening the financial self-sufficiency of territorial communities. Over the first five years of the implementation of this reform, the share of local bud gets in the consolidated budget of Ukraine has increased from 18.5 % in 2015 to 23.3 % as of June 1, 2020, the share of local budgets' own revenues in GDP – from 5, 1 % to 6.7 % over the same period. However, despite certain positive developments, local budgets are still more than 46 % dependent on transfers from the state budget, which indicates the need for further transformation of the local finance system aimed at strengthening the independence and financial self-sufficiency of local budgets. At the same time, the revealed patterns also indicate the existence of problematic aspects in the formation of the revenue side of local budgets, which actualizes the need to revise the structure of local taxes and fees, as well as the powers of local governments in the field of their appointment, increase deductions from national taxes and fees to local budgets., and, at the same time, popularization of local borrowing and carrying out mass explanatory work on the organizational aspects of this process and optimizing the use of borrowed funds. These measures will increase the level of concentration of funds in local budgets and, accordingly, balance the processes of decentralization of income and expenditure, turning territorial communities into more independent and autonomous participants in budgetary and economic relations.

scholarly journals Basics of Energy Supply Regulation in the Arctic Regions

Federalism ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 66-76
Author(s):  
A. A. Gasnikova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Supply ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Significant Extent ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Arctic Regions ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Regional Authorities

Energy supply is a necessary condition for supporting normal life and activities of humans. Problem of providing reliable and accessible energy supply becomes extremely important under the Arctic severe climate. Organization of energy supply is affected by many factors. It is suggested to consider natural-resource, economical, social, technological, ecological, and legal factors. Legal factors set legal framework for energy enterprises and energy consumers to act. Economic relations, social guarantees for energy consumers, technological and environmental requirements for energy industry are legally regulated. Thus, legal factors determine other factors of energy supply to significant extent. In this regard, an analysis of the powers and functions of federal and regional authorities in the field of energy supply regulation is relevant. Most of the powers of energy supply regulation are concentrated at the federal level. At the level of the subjects of the Russian Federation energy supply issues are regulated by regional authorities within the framework of their powers. Ensuring reliable energy supply to consumers requires coordinated actions of authorities and energy sector enterprises, taking into account the whole variety of considered factors.

Across the Northe Sea: A Review

Antiquity ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (137) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
J. V. S. Megaw
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
English Language ◽  
Land Reclamation ◽  
English Summary ◽  
Regional Study ◽  
Low Countries ◽  
Roman Archaeology ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The North ◽  
Private Individual

Exactly three centuries ago last year, Johan Picardt, parson of Coevorder in Drenthe and Adviser for Land-Reclamation, wrote in a regional study worthy of comparison with his contemporary John Aubrey’s Monumenta Britannica: ‘Our fore-fathers had not pen, ink, nor paper, which had they possessed would have enabled us to learn of strange things. Howsomever, they have bequeathed us signs enough if only it were that we could read them.’ Each one of the three volumes from the second of which my quotation comes clearly shows the ways in which archaeological research in the Low Countries has vindicated Picardt’s statement. Today archaeology in the Netherlands is a matter of exemplary close-knit co-operation between State institutions, universities, local societies, and the private individual, while recently Belgium has taken important steps in the systemization of pre- and protohistoric studies.Although the Low Countries can hardly be regarded as a primary area of development, their coastal position at the north-western limit of the transcontinental routes has made them a cultural entrepôt of particular significance for the British archaeologist. In this context Professor De Laet’s book in the ‘Ancient Peoples and Places’ series is all the more welcome in that it is the first English summary of the pre-Roman archaeology of the region.De Voorgeschiedenis der Lage Landen is a much expanded and corrected version of De Laet’s volume, with Professor Glasbergen’s collaboration giving a more balanced account of the Dutch evidence. The third book, a double volume of Antiquity and Survival, offers a lavishly illustrated symposium of one hundred centuries of the Netherlands, and although the promised English language edition is not to be, the Trustees of the Prince Bernhard Foundation and the Rijksdienst voor het Oudheidkundig Bodemonderzoek are to be warmly thanked for giving their support to Honderd Eeuwen Nederland.

scholarly journals Increasing Women's Representation in France and India

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 375-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gill Allwood ◽  
Khursheed Wadia
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Political Rights ◽  
World War ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Head Of Household ◽  
Liberal Democratic ◽  
Male Head ◽  
Democratic Nation ◽  
Second World

The immediate post–Second World War period saw women gain equal political rights in a number of countries, including France and India. Political participation researchers began to consider women's involvement in politics. However, because they focused on state institutions and political parties as the most important sites of political participation, and because the presence of women within these sites was insignificant, the conclusions drawn were either that women were uninterested in and/or uninformed about politics or that their interest and knowledge derived from the male head of household. Moreover, when women's political participation was considered, the preferred location of study was the Western liberal democratic nation–state (Dogan, 1955; Duverger, 1955).

scholarly journals Institutional Mechanisms of Land Development Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Hryhorii Sharyi ◽  
Svitlana Nesterenko
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Environment ◽  
Land Development ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The People ◽  
Economic Methods ◽  
Institutional Infrastructure ◽  
Land Relations ◽  
Legal Structures ◽  
Political Economic

A new institutional and neo-institutional theory theoretical apparatus in the field of land economy are revised and the necessity for further land development institutionalization in Ukraine is determined. Social economic relations are analyzed. It is revealed that land relations have an essential structure: in the form of an institutional complex, based on the traditional, customary and religious norms of individuals behavior, as well as social, political, economic, legal and other institutions, as stable socio-economic, organizational and legal structures, institutions and organizations. The main principles of new institutional and neo-institutional economy in the land sphere are determined, namely institute-centrism, limited rationality, historicism, economic opportunism, land good. The relationship nature of land relations institutionalization means with peculiarities of state financial and economic space formation in the author's interpretation is considered at the development level in Ukraine of land circulation institutional infrastructure, The State Land Bank and the National Land Fund formation as state institutions. It has been found that evolutionary institutional changes are inherent in social land development when partial peripheral gradual changes in rules and regulations cause gradual changes and land development. It is proved that state, having administrative advantages, acting by economic methods and methods of legal influence, should change and adapt the institutional environment, as a set of rules, norms that form the basis of production, exchange and redistribution in the land sphere, because the main link in the bundle of land rights, belongs to the people of Ukraine.

scholarly journals The Place of Central Asian Turkic Republics in the Global World

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esra Karapınar
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
National Identities ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The World ◽  
Independent States ◽  
Global World ◽  
Second World

Globalization process which started at the end of nineteenth century and goes on at the present shows its impacts more in some countries or less in some other countries but this is a process that closes up countries, blots out authorities’ immunities, makes them become transparent, and strengthens socio-cultural, political and especially economic relations. After the terms of being introverted and self-sufficiency between First and Second World Wars, struggles to liberalized world trade have been accelerated since 1960, and good and service flows between countries grew both as a volume and value. As a result of liberalization and deregulation politics which appears since 1980, the capital could move easier on the world. So, how has this process felt its effect on the Central Asian Turkic Republics includes Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan that arised in 1991 after dissociation in the Soviet Union because of clearing and reconstruction policy applied and after facility of establishing its own, independent states by earning their national identities to Turkish elements who lived under the sovereignty of Russians for years is given? The aim of study here is to analyse the effects of that globalization wave in the Turkic Republics which spread out all over the world. For this purpose, first of all changes in the Soviet Union 's policy will be considered and reflections of it on the economical life are to be investigated, and then applications and what the course of actions about integration with the World determined by mentioned republics after dissociation are to be discussed.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF FISCAL POLICY AND MACROECONOMIC SITUATION IN UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF CROWN CRISIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 102-111
Author(s):  
Taras MARSHALOK
Keyword(s):  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Global Dimension ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The World ◽  
Macroeconomic Indicators ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Imbalances ◽  
Almost All

Introduction. The spread of coronavirus infection has caused significant economic and social problems in the global dimension. The world economy suffered significant losses during 2020 and, according to analysts, will shrink by about 4.9% compared to 2019. Coronavirus disease has caused the most damage to the tourism, hotel and restaurant, transport sectors of the economy in almost all countries of the world, the virus has a significant impact on business activity and welfare of citizens. Given that Ukraine is a subject of world economic relations, the corona crisis has a significant negative impact on the economy of our country, causing significant imbalances in public finances, the budget crisis, leading to rising unemployment, reduced welfare. However, the corona crisis is only an indicator that has shown the true institutional capacity of public administration in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to diagnose the fiscal policy of Ukraine, identify its strengths and weaknesses and develop effective mechanisms to overcome financial and economic imbalances caused by the “corona crisis”. Results. The article analyzes the main macroeconomic trends in Ukraine, as well as, based on forecast indicators, assesses the prospects for economic and social development in Ukraine. It was found that the domestic economy is in a significant recession and despite the projected growth of macroeconomic indicators in 2021, the economy will still be in crisis. Significant fiscal imbalances in Ukraine have been identified, it has been stated that compared to 2018–2019, the budget in Ukraine is unbalanced, and its deficit is threatening to the country's economy. From the beginning of 2020, the country's debt burden is growing and by the end of the year, its value will reach indicators that are higher than the critical values provided by the Budget Code of Ukraine. It was noted that in order to overcome the crisis, it is necessary to change the priorities in the direction of education and science development; assistance to small and medium business; to ensure transparency in the activities of state institutions; to reform the judiciary; start a real fight against corruption.

Political democracy, state strength and economic growth in LDCs: a cross-national analysis

1984 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 297-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erich Weede
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Rapid Economic Growth ◽  
State Strength ◽  
External Pressures ◽  
Phases Of Development ◽  
The Third World ◽  
National Analysis

While economic growth is not a sufficient condition for the elimination of hunger and abject poverty, it certainly looks like a necessary condition, particularly in the poorest countries (Ahluwalia, Carter and Chenery? 1979), So economic growth is desirable, and desired, in the third world (irrespective of one's evaluation of the effects of growth in industrialized, high income countries). As well as pressures for growth? there are internal and external pressures for the democratization of the political systems of less developed countries. Yet some authors claim that democracy and economic growth are incompatible. A strong version of the incompatibility thesis is maintained by the sociologist Andreski (1969: 266): ‘Democracy is compatible with rapid economic growth only in countries which already have enough resources to make heavy investment a relatively painless process. There is no case of a democratic government breaking through a vicious circle of misery and parasitism.’ Though qualifying the incompatibility proposition and restricting it to ‘later phases of development’, Huntington and Nelson (1976: 42–3) similarly argue that ‘… higher levels of political participation tend to produce lower rates of economic growth’. While political participation is not identical to democracy, the latter obviously permits the former. If democracy and growth were indeed incompatible in LDCs (or some subgroup thereof), then a major problem of choice has to be faced.

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