scholarly journals Facts about phthalate toxicity in humans and their occurrence in alcoholic beverages

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Brčić Karačonji ◽  
Sonja Anić Jurica ◽  
Dario Lasić ◽  
Karlo Jurica
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Aliphatic Alcohol ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Alcohol Production ◽  
Regulatory Limits ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

AbstractPhthalates are esters of phthalic acid and aliphatic alcohol added to plastic to improve its softness, flexibility, and extensibility. They easily migrate from plastic products into the environment because of their physical and chemical properties. This review summarises their characteristics, distribution in the environment, monitoring, use, toxic effects on human health, regulatory limits in different matrices and products, and tolerable daily intake. The studies we have reviewed suggest that phthalates have a potential to affect reproduction and development in humans. Due to the inconsistent data, further studies are needed and, in the meantime, precautionary policies must be implemented. Here we draw attention to the methods of determining phthalate levels in alcoholic beverages and reported levels in plum spirits produced in Croatia. Legally produced and moderately consumed plum spirits do not seem to increase the risk of phthalate toxicity for human health. We conclude with recommendations for the effective monitoring of phthalate exposure in humans and for the implementation of alternative materials in alcohol production.

A Historical Review of the Developments in Casthouse Technology and a Peek into the Future

2009 ◽  
Vol 630 ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Peter Whiteley
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Downstream Processing ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Alternative Materials ◽  
Market Requirements ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Over the past thirty (30) years or so aluminium casthouse technology has been driven by a number of factors which have variously included: • Competition from alternative materials • Lightweighting • Market requirements for enhanced properties affecting gas levels, impurities, inclusions, physical and chemical properties, ease of downstream processing, reduced cost and improved delivery • Reduction in conversion cost by various means including capacity creep, maximising asset utilization, minimizing scrap, reducing melt loss, labour, and energy costs • The ever present need for improved safety performance. This paper will explore how these, and related considerations have provided the stimulus for improved casthouse technology which has included developments in hardware, software and culture.

Nanoparticles: Aspects of Safety and Risk Management

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 222-225
Author(s):  
Jun Chen ◽  
Cheng Sun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Present Knowledge ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Fast Growing ◽  
Technical Basis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Nanotechnologies and nanoparticles represent a promising and fast-growing field. This is principally because a nanodimensional substance can have physical and chemical properties that are different from those of the same substance with larger dimensions. However, the present knowledge is not yet sufficient for the elaboration of nanospecific regulations. Many projects with the aim of completing the necessary scientific and technical basis for the assessment of nanotechnology related risks are under way. Under these circumstances closely relationship between the industries and government bodies is necessary to build up safety standards or regulations by all stakeholders constitute an appropriate tool for the protection of human health and the environment.

Statistical criteria of stellar population types

1966 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 101-110
Author(s):  
W. Iwanowska
Keyword(s):  
Stellar Population ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Spectrophotometric Study ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Population Type ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
Distribution Parameters ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Statistical Criteria ◽  
And Chemical Properties

In connection with the spectrophotometric study of population-type characteristics of various kinds of stars, a statistical analysis of kinematical and distribution parameters of the same stars is performed at the Toruń Observatory. This has a twofold purpose: first, to provide a practical guide in selecting stars for observing programmes, second, to contribute to the understanding of relations existing between the physical and chemical properties of stars and their kinematics and distribution in the Galaxy.

Tailoring microstructures of materials through biomimetics

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sarikaya ◽  
Ilhan A. Aksay
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Design And Synthesis ◽  
Structure Sensitive ◽  
Macro Scale ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis ◽  
Successive Level ◽  
Engineering Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Of Materials

Biomimetics involves investigation of structure, function, and methods of synthesis of biological composite materials. The goal is to apply this information to the design and synthesis of materials for engineering applications.Properties of engineering materials are structure sensitive through the whole spectrum of dimensions from nanometer to macro scale. The goal in designing and processing of technological materials, therefore, is to control microstructural evolution at each of these dimensions so as to achieve predictable physical and chemical properties. Control at each successive level of dimension, however, is a major challenge as is the retention of integrity between successive levels. Engineering materials are rarely fabricated to achieve more than a few of the desired properties and the synthesis techniques usually involve high temperature or low pressure conditions that are energy inefficient and environmentally damaging.In contrast to human-made materials, organisms synthesize composites whose intricate structures are more controlled at each scale and hierarchical order.

Response of corn (Zea mays L.) to various organic-based fertilizers in marginal upland of Sta. Rita, Samar

2017 ◽  
pp. 31-43
Author(s):  
Berta Ratilla ◽  
Loreme Cagande ◽  
Othello Capuno
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Total N ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Organic farming is one of the management strategies that improve productivity of marginal uplands. The study aimed to: (1) evaluate effects of various organic-based fertilizers on the growth and yield of corn; (2) determine the appropriate combination for optimum yield; and (3) assess changes on the soil physical and chemical properties. Experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design, with 3 replications and 7 treatments, namely; T0=(0-0-0); T1=1t ha-1 Evans + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T2=t ha-1 Wellgrow + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T3=15t ha-1 chicken dung; T4=10t ha-1 chicken dung + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1; T5=15t ha-1 Vermicast; and T6=10t ha-1 Vermicast + 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1. Application of organic-based fertilizers with or without inorganic fertilizers promoted growth of corn than the control. But due to high infestation of corn silk beetle(Monolepta bifasciata Horns), its grain yield was greatly affected. In the second cropping, except for Evans, any of these fertilizers applied alone or combined with 45-30-30kg N, P2O5, K2O ha-1 appeared appropriate in increasing corn earyield. Soil physical and chemical properties changed with addition of organic fertilizers. While bulk density decreased irrespective of treatments, pH, total N, available P and exchangeable K generally increased more with chicken dung application.

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