scholarly journals The Wnt Signalling Pathways: A Short Review and Specific Roles in Bone Biochemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 104-109
Author(s):  
Béla Kovács ◽  
Előd Ernő Nagy ◽  
Norbert Nándor Chendrean ◽  
Blanka Székely-Szentmiklósi ◽  
Árpád Gyéresi
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Musculoskeletal Diseases ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Wnt Signalling ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
Current Article ◽  
Bone Biochemistry

AbstractAs musculoskeletal diseases become an emerging healthcare problem worldwide, profound and comprehensive research has been focused on the biochemistry of bone metabolism in the past decades. Wnt signalling, one of the novel described pathways influencing bone metabolism from the early stages of tissue development, has been recently in the centre of attention. Several Wnt ligands are implied in bone forming pathways via canonical (β-catenin dependent) and non-canonical (β-catenin independent) signalling. Osteoporosis, a catabolic bone disease, has its pathologic background related, inter alia, to alterations in the Wnt signalling, thus key modulators of these pathways became one of the most promising targets in the treatment of osteoporosis. Antibodies inhibiting the activity of endogenous Wnt pathway inhibitors (sclerostin, dickkopf) are recently under clinical trials. The current article offers a brief review of the Wnt signalling pathways, its implication in bone metabolism and fate, and the therapeutic possibilities of osteoporosis through Wnt signalling.

scholarly journals Wnt signalling in pituitary development and tumorigenesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. R101-R111 ◽  
Author(s):  
T J G Chambers ◽  
A Giles ◽  
G Brabant ◽  
J R E Davis
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Pituitary Adenomas ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Wnt Signalling ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Pituitary Development ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Stimulate Cell Proliferation

Wnt signalling is activated in both pituitary organogenesis and its mature function. Wnt ligands and Wnt signalling pathways are critical for the regulation of the formation of the pituitary. In the mature pituitary, Wnt signalling pathways control cell activity and may stimulate cell proliferation in both physiological and pathological processes. This review compares Wnt signalling pathways active in the developing and mature pituitary and explores how this gives us further insight into the development of pituitary adenomas.

scholarly journals Membrane capacitance recordings resolve dynamics and complexity of receptor-mediated endocytosis in Wnt signalling

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Bandmann ◽  
Ann Schirin Mirsanaye ◽  
Johanna Schäfer ◽  
Gerhard Thiel ◽  
Thomas Holstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signalling ◽  
Membrane Capacitance ◽  
Hek293 Cells ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Receptor Mediated Endocytosis ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
Endocytic Vesicles ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Wnt Signal

Abstract Receptor-mediated endocytosis is an essential process in signalling pathways for activation of intracellular signalling cascades. One example is the Wnt signalling pathway that seems to depend on endocytosis of the ligand-receptor complex for initiation of Wnt signal transduction. To date, the roles of different endocytic pathways in Wnt signalling, molecular players and the kinetics of the process remain unclear. Here, we monitored endocytosis in Wnt3a and Wnt5a-mediated signalling with membrane capacitance recordings of HEK293 cells. Our measurements revealed a swift and substantial increase in the number of endocytic vesicles. Extracellular Wnt ligands specifically triggered endocytotic activity, which started immediately upon ligand binding and ceased within a period of ten minutes. By using specific inhibitors, we were able to separate Wnt-induced endocytosis into two independent pathways. We demonstrate that canonical Wnt3a is taken up mainly by clathrin-independent endocytosis whereas noncanonical Wnt5a is exclusively regulated via clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Our findings show that membrane capacitance recordings allow the resolution of complex cellular processes in plasma membrane signalling pathways in great detail.

The features of bone metabolism in COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Timur Bulatovich Minasov ◽  
Denis Enverovich Baikov ◽  
Munavis Munavisovich Khafizov ◽  
Ekaterina Rishatovna Yakupova
Keyword(s):  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Direct Influence ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

To date, there is little information about the effect of the novel coronavirus infection COVID-19 on bone metabolism. However, this topic is relevant, since COVID-19 mainly affects the elderly, who are more prone to osteoporosis. In the course of our study, it was found that changes occurring in the body under the direct influence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus affect the parameters of bone metabolism of the spine, reducing the density of bone tissue in the Th5 — Th7 vertebrae, which determines the need for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis after the infection.

scholarly journals Roles of Non-Canonical Wnt Signalling Pathways in Bone Biology

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (19) ◽  
pp. 10840
Author(s):  
Jasna Lojk ◽  
Janja Marc
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Wnt Signalling ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Bone Biology ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Wnt Signalling Pathway ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
Canonical Wnt

The Wnt signalling pathway is one of the central signalling pathways in bone development, homeostasis and regulation of bone mineral density. It consists of numerous Wnt ligands, receptors and co-receptors, which ensure tight spatiotemporal regulation of Wnt signalling pathway activity and thus tight regulation of bone tissue homeostasis. This enables maintenance of optimal mineral density, tissue healing and adaptation to changes in bone loading. While the role of the canonical/β-catenin Wnt signalling pathway in bone homeostasis is relatively well researched, Wnt ligands can also activate several non-canonical, β-catenin independent signalling pathways with important effects on bone tissue. In this review, we will provide a thorough overview of the current knowledge on different non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways involved in bone biology, focusing especially on the pathways that affect bone cell differentiation, maturation and function, processes involved in bone tissue structure regulation. We will describe the role of the two most known non-canonical pathways (Wnt/planar cell polarity pathways and Wnt/Ca2+ pathway), as well as other signalling pathways with a strong role in bone biology that communicate with the Wnt signalling pathway through non-canonical Wnt signalling. Our goal is to bring additional attention to these still not well researched but important pathways in the regulation of bone biology in the hope of prompting additional research in the area of non-canonical Wnt signalling pathways.

scholarly journals Novel Adipokines and Bone Metabolism

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Liu ◽  
Cheng-Yuan Song ◽  
Shan-Shan Wu ◽  
Qiu-Hua Liang ◽  
Ling-Qing Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Issue ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Cell Lineage ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Treatment Of Osteoporosis ◽  
Heavy Burden

Osteoporosis is a serious social issue nowadays. Both the high morbidity and its common complication osteoporotic fracture load a heavy burden on the whole society. The adipose tissue is the biggest endocrinology organ that has a different function on the bone. The adipocytes are differentiated from the same cell lineage with osteoblast, and they can secrete multiple adipokines with various functions on bone remolding. Recently, several novel adipokines have been identified and investigated thoroughly. In this paper, we would like to highlight the complicated relation between the bone metabolism and the novel adipokines, and it may provide us with a new target for prediction and treatment of osteoporosis.

scholarly journals New Approach in the Application of Conjugated Polymers: The Light-Activated Source of Versatile Singlet Oxygen Molecule

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1098
Author(s):  
Agata Blacha-Grzechnik
Keyword(s):  
Conjugated Polymers ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Photophysical Properties ◽  
Short Review ◽  
The Novel ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Intermolecular Energy ◽  
Intermolecular Energy Transfer ◽  
High Absorption

For many years, the research on conjugated polymers (CPs) has been mainly focused on their application in organic electronics. Recent works, however, show that due to the unique optical and photophysical properties of CPs, such as high absorption in UV–Vis or even near-infrared (NIR) region and efficient intra-/intermolecular energy transfer, which can be relatively easily optimized, CPs can be considered as an effective light-activated source of versatile and highly reactive singlet oxygen for medical or catalytic use. The aim of this short review is to present the novel possibilities that lie dormant in those exceptional polymers with the extended system of π-conjugated bonds.

Roles of individual human Dishevelled paralogs in the Wnt signalling pathways

2021 ◽  
pp. 110058
Author(s):  
Petra Paclíková ◽  
Tomasz Witold Radaszkiewicz ◽  
David Potěšil ◽  
Jakub Harnoš ◽  
Zbyněk Zdráhal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signalling ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Individual Human

Wnt6 regulates the homeostasis of the stem cell niche via Rac1-and Cdc42-mediated noncanonical Wnt signalling pathways in Drosophila testis

2021 ◽  
Vol 402 (1) ◽  
pp. 112511
Author(s):  
Min Wang ◽  
Xiaojin Luan ◽  
Yidan Yan ◽  
Qianwen Zheng ◽  
Wanyin Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Niche ◽  
Wnt Signalling ◽  
Signalling Pathways ◽  
Drosophila Testis ◽  
Cell Niche

scholarly journals Strategies to Overcome Translation Losses in the Novel “The Grapes of Wrath” by John Steinbeck to Achieve Adequacy in Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 17-32
Author(s):  
Konul Khalilova ◽  
Irina Orujova
Keyword(s):  
John Steinbeck ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Source Text ◽  
Grapes Of Wrath ◽  
Thought Patterns ◽  
Translation Techniques ◽  
Current Article ◽  
The Given ◽  
Different Levels

The current article involves the issues of losses, gains, or survivals contributing to literature in the process of translation. It represents a thorough study based on the novel “The Grapes of Wrath” by John Steinbeck from English and, respectively, its translation into Azerbaijani by Ulfet Kurchayli. It investigates the problematic areas or challenges emerging from the source-text discrepancies. Furthermore, this article also concentrates on the issue of cultural non-equivalence or the losses occurring in translating English literary texts into Azerbaijani. The paper identifies the translation techniques adopted by the translator of John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath. Adopting certain techniques rather than others has led to many losses on different levels. The translator’s important role as a cultural insider is also emphasized. The wide gap, distance, or the differences between the cultures, languages, and thought patterns of the English and Azerbaijani language speakers are the main factors resulting in various losses in the process of translation. Coping with these extra-linguistic constraints is harder than the linguistic ones as the translator has no choice in the given situations, deleting these elements from the TT or replacing them with elements that do not fit the context. This article aims at determining translation losses and gains, defining ways that the translator employs for compensating losses, through the analysis of John Steinbeck’s style in The Grapes of Wrath. The article concludes that there are some situations where the translation of a certain text from the SL into the TL embraces alteration in the whole informational content of the text, in the form of expressions or words.

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