‘Mol v drahém rouše…’ [A Moth Clad in Goodly Apparel]. A Collection of Proverbs by Jakub Srnec of Varvažov and Its Latin Sources

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
Marta Vaculínová
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Graphic Design ◽  
Private School ◽  
Large Share ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Basic Source ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

In 1582, the first printed collection of Czech proverbs by Jakub Srnec of Varvažov, Dicteria seu proverbia Bohemica, was printed. It became the basic source of the material for later collections of this kind by J. A. Comenius, J. Dobrovsky and others. It was inspired by the Adagiorum chiliades by Erasmus of Rotterdam. Based on them, it was divided into centuria and decades. Unlike other early modern collections of proverbs, it does not contain only the Latin translation of the mentioned proverbs - its Latin explanatory component is much richer. This is connected with the fact that the collection was originally conceived as a teaching aid for Srnec’s private school for pupils from noble families. Each proverb is accompanied by a number of related, explanatory or antithetical sentences, which resembles the genre of the collections of sentences. The authors of the sentences are given in the margins. There is a large share of ancient classics, medieval anonymous proverbs and biblical quotations. Less than one-third are quotations from early modern authors. Logically, Erasmus is the most represented among them, followed by relatively unknown Christoph Aulaeus, a professor at the university of Erfurt, with his collection of moralistic distichs. The third in terms of the number of quoted statements is the popular early modern educationist Juan Luis Vives. Based on other quoted Humanists and their works, it is possible to infer when the core of the work originated. Most frequently, Srnec used quotations from educational and moralistic handbooks, more rarely also from theatre plays with religious themes. The main aim of the publication of the collection was to prove that Czech proverbs could match not only Latin and Greek ones but also those in other living languages that had already been published for a rather long time. Unlike some educational Lutheran collections of proverbs, Srnec’s collection was not only to enlighten but also to entertain and to make the subject matter taught more pleasant for the students. Not only in that but also in the title chosen and the graphic design, it could have been inspired by the contemporary German collection of proverbs Proverbialia dicteria by Andreas Gartner. The circumstances of the collection’s origin are explained by the author in an extensive preface, in which he deliberately quotes a wide range of proverbs taken from Erasmus’s Adagia. A Czech translation of selected passages of the preface is attached to the article.

Knowledge, meaning, and the world's great challenges

2004 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Ford
Keyword(s):  
Future Generations ◽  
Teaching And Research ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
The Core ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Value Ethics ◽  
The University ◽  
Critical Questioning

The future of Cambridge University is discussed in the context of the current British and global situation of universities, the main focus being on what the core concerns of a major university should be at this time. After raising issues related to core intellectual values (truth-seeking, rationality in argument, balanced judgement, integrity, linguistic precision and critical questioning) and the sustaining of a long-term social and intellectual ecology, four main challenges are identified: uniting teaching and research fruitfully; interrelating fields of knowledge appropriately across a wide range of disciplines; contributing to society in ways that are responsible towards the long-term flourishing of our world; and sustaining and reinventing collegiality so that the university can be a place where intensive, disciplined conversations within and across generations can flourish. The latter leads into questions of polity, governance and management. Finally, the inseparability of teaching, research and knowledge from questions of meaning, value, ethics, collegiality and transgenerational responsibility leads to proposing ‘wisdom’ as an integrating concept. The relevant sources of wisdom available are both religious and secular, and in a world that is complexly both religious and secular we need universities that can be places where both are done justice. Given the seriousness and long-term nature of the conflicts associated with religious and secular forces in our world, it is especially desirable that universities in their education of future generations contribute to the healing of such divisions.

scholarly journals Arthur Mannering Tyndall, 1881-1961

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Private School ◽  
Royal Society ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
Physical Laboratory ◽  
University College ◽  
The Subject ◽  
University Of Bristol ◽  
The University ◽  
The City ◽  
Outstanding Teacher

Arthur Mannering Tyndall was a man who played a leading part in the establishment of research and teaching in physics in one of the newer universities of this country. His whole career was spent in the University of Bristol, where he was Lecturer, Professor and for a while Acting ViceChancellor, and his part in guiding the development of Bristol from a small university college to a great university was clear to all who knew him. He presided over the building and development of the H. H. Wills Physical Laboratory, and his leadership brought it from its small beginnings to its subsequent achievements. His own work, for which he was elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society, was on the mobility of gaseous ions. Arthur Tyndall was born in Bristol on 18 September 1881. He was educated at a private school in Bristol where no science was taught, except a smattering of chemistry in the last two terms. Nonetheless he entered University College, obtaining the only scholarship offered annually by the City of Bristol for study in that college and intending to make his career in chemistry. However, when brought into contact with Professor Arthur Chattock, an outstanding teacher on the subject, he decided to switch to physics; he always expressed the warmest gratitude for the inspiration that he had received from him. He graduated with second class honours in the external London examination in 1903. In that year he was appointed Assistant Lecturer, was promoted to Lecturer in 1907, and became Lecturer in the University when the University College became a university in 1909. During this time he served under Professor A. P. Chattock, but Chattock retired in 1910 at the age of 50 and Tyndall became acting head of the department. Then, with the outbreak of war, he left the University to run an army radiological department in Hampshire.

Division and cohesion in the nineteenth-century middle class: the case of Ipswich, 1830–1870

Urban History ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 42-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Hills
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
Income Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Class Power ◽  
The Subject

For a long time historians saw the increased wealth, numbers and power of British manufacturers, merchants and professionals as simply an inevitable part of the process of industrialization. As a result the formation of the class seemed to require no further exploration. More recently interest in the middle class has increased and much closer attention has been given to specific dimensions. It seems evident from this work that any analysis of the middle class faces a number of problems. Firstly, that of definition. There was a wide range of status and income groups within the middle class. What criteria of wealth and occupation should be used, how important is it to fix upper and lower boundaries for the class, how are questions of lifestyle and attitudes to be gauged? Secondly, there were certain divisions within groups who can reasonably be considered middle class by any criteria. Above all, we must note that there was no distinctive middle-class political party and differences were as deeply felt in politics as were antagonisms between Anglicans and Nonconformists in religion. In view of such diversities is it possible to speak of the middle class and, if so, what does class formation and unity consist of? What levels of unity allow or inhibit class power? This is the subject of my overall research, of which only a glimpse can be given here.

Teaching Romans 7 after Trent: Michael Baius and his Lecture Hall on Concupiscence and Original Sin in Early Modern Louvain (1552–1589)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-221
Author(s):  
Jarrik Van Der Biest
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Early Modern ◽  
Original Sin ◽  
Lecture Hall ◽  
Council Of Trent ◽  
The Core ◽  
Educational Application ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Sacred Scripture ◽  
The University

Abstract This article introduces a new corpus of sources relevant to the sixteenth-century Baianist controversy at the University of Louvain: student notes made during Michael Baius’ lectures on the Bible during the 1560s. The commentary on Romans 7 taught by the Royal Professor of Sacred Scripture contains a discussion on the sinfulness of concupiscence, the effect of the Fall driving humankind to sin. A contested concept between Catholics and Protestants, the nature of concupiscentia also lies at the core of debates on the orthodoxy of Baius’ justification theology, both early modern and more recent. The professor’s lecture on Romans 7 is analysed against his published treatises, the censures (1565–1567) and papal bull (1567) condemning certain propositions as heretical, and the Tridentine Decree on Original Sin (1546). While Baius’ Augustinian revaluation of humanity’s wounded nature (natura viciata) moved away from the Thomistic conception of concupiscence as innate, but disordered, he did respect the boundaries set by the Council of Trent. Indeed, Baius taught his positive theology in the interstices between the educational application of the Tridentine Decrees and the gradual assertion of dominance by a renewed Thomism in Catholic orthodoxy. I argue that such a historical reading of Baius’ ideas is the key to avoid the earlier dogmatic assessments of his theology.

Women Experiment with Theatre: Magdalena 86

1987 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 224-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Bassnett
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Literature ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
International School ◽  
Female Role ◽  
The Core ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Experimental Theatre ◽  
The University

In the autumn of last year, two events took place which marked in very different ways the recognition that feminist thinking has affected theatre more profoundly than through the necessary logistics of job and role redistribution. In August, the first-ever festival of women in experimental theatre, known as Magdalena 86, took place in Cardiff. Then, in the following month, the International School of Theatre Anthropology devoted its congress in Holstebro, Denmark, to the subject of ‘The Female Role’ – a title we borrow for this short feature, in which Susan Bassnett. who teaches in the Graduate School of Comparative Literature at the University of Warwick, and has been a regular contributor both to NTQ and its predecessor, analyzes and evaluates these occasions in successive reports. The core paper presented at Holstebro by ISTA director Eugenio Barba, which discusses the balance between the qualities of ‘animus’ and ‘anima’ necessary to the actor's energy, ‘completes’ a feature which, in the questions it raises for further discussion, remains necessarily inconclusive.

Monetary Revolution and Societal Change in the Late Medieval and Early Modern Times—A Review Article

1986 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 1037-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Perlin
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Precious Metals ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Asian History ◽  
Early Modern Times

Precious Metals in the Later Medieval and Early Modern Worlds, edited by J. F. Richards, is a courageous attempt to survey late medieval and early modern monetary history on an appropriately global scale, while simultaneously representing the fragmentation of the present state of knowledge on the subject. Asian history has been particularly subject to an a priori compartmentalization that has hindered comparison and prevented appreciation of the elaborate connections and dependencies developing among different regions during this period; Moreover, the various ways in which flows of precious metals have been explained merely confirm this compartmentalization, both by neglecting other, central aspects of monetary history and by ignoring the wider historical questions to which it is inseparably linked. By supplementing the approach to precious metals with a parallel focus on the vigorous trades in less precious monetary media, it becomes possible to rephrase the problem in terms of infrastructural societal conditions in different regions, which in the first place permitted trade flows to take place. In this respect, we need to dissolve the hard frontiers separating the conventional units of discussion and to see international commerce, and a wide range of different regional developments, as part and parcel of an increasingly complex, many-levelled web of interactive stimuli, which now needs to be reconstructed, debated, and researched.

Karl Spencer Lashley, 1890-1958

1960 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 107-118 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Behaviour ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Public ◽  
Corpus Christi ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Audience ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The University ◽  
Made In

In July 1949 the Society of Experimental Biology and the Institute of Animal Behaviour together organized a Symposium for the discussion of a wide range of problems, neurological, physiological and psychological, in which the members of both groups were interested. The Symposium was held in the Zoological Laboratory of the University of Cambridge. K. S. Lashley came to England for this meeting, and no member of the large audience who heard him describe how he had set out ‘In search of the engram’, and what its upshot had been, is likely ever to forget the tremendous impression that he made. After the public discussions one morning, I walked with him back from the Zoological Department to Corpus Christi College, where he was staying. The sun shone with unclouded brilliance, and when we reached the College Lashley, who seemed, perhaps, a little tired, sat himself down on the stone steps leading to the main gate, one long leg stretched out towards the pavement, with not a single care for the curious, and slightly shocked glances of some of the passers-by. We were talking, not about any intricacies of animal behaviour, but about sailing and the sea, which he loved. He told me something about his own boats, and journeys he had made in them; but more about longer and unconventional voyages in small tramp steamers which took a long time, wherever they were going, and called at ports little known to the big luxury vessels for which he had no use at all.

scholarly journals Definition as a Logical and Linguistic Category

2020 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
A. R. Blagova
Keyword(s):  
Main Task ◽  
Specific Kind ◽  
Word Meanings ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Methodological Basis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Word Definitions

Definition is a logical and linguistic category that for a long time has been the subject of logicians’ and philosophers’ research. Today we understand a definition as a logical method that allows us to discover a word’s content, i.e. what it means in everyday use or what a speaker intends it to mean for this speaker’s own specific purposes. A definition consists of two parts: definiendum (that what is defined) and definiens (that which defines). The definiendum refers to the exact object, action, state etc., that is to be defined. The definiens contains the information necessary to define this object, action, state etc. This information is obtained during the process of definition. In the language, a definition can mean both the process of developing a sentence and the result of this process, i.e. the sentence itself. When composing an explanation of a word’s lexical meaning, we should draw on the vast experience of Russian lexicography. Practical lexicography gave us a wide range of kinds of word definitions which are now being extensively researched as theoretical generalizations and conclusions. This article explores methods of explanation of word meanings in the context of different possible logical relations between definiendum and definiens: inclusion, overlap, complementarity, adjacency. The existing word definitions (hyponymic, identifying, enumerative, synonymic, antonymic) can be distributed between those kinds of logical relations. Descriptive explanations are regarded as a specific kind of definition. Theoretical generalizations and conclusions are backed by examples from the main explanatory dictionaries of the Russian language.The conclusion is drawn that parts of a word definition can enter into different kinds of logical relations. Exploration of those relations is highly important for educational purposes as methodological basis for correct definitions of word meanings as well as for the composition of lexicographic explanations. At the same time, we shouldn’t forget that there are various ways to define a word’s lexical meaning. One and the same word can be defined in a number of ways, so the lexicographers’ main task is still to choose the best way or combination of ways that can fully and accurately discover the meaning of the word being defined.

scholarly journals Introduction

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 475-480
Author(s):  
Simon Ditchfield
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Editorial Team ◽  
Modern History ◽  
University Of Minnesota ◽  
Early Modern History ◽  
Anniversary Issue ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Twentieth Anniversary ◽  
The University

Abstract After a discussion of the twentieth anniversary issue, the author of the book which is the subject of our “round table” review of this twenty-fifth anniversary issue: Merry Wiesner Hanks’ What is Early Modern History (2021) is introduced. This is followed by a brief account of the rationale behind the foundation of the JEMH in the 1990s and how, from the very first issue, the journal has tried to decolonize our understanding of the period 1300–1800, as exemplified by Antony Black’s warning that: “we should stop selling off second-hand concepts to unsuspecting non-European cultures.” Passing comment is made on the chronological (as well as geographical) breadth of the coverage of the JEMH which accords well with the recent merger of the Centers for Medieval and Early Modern History at the University of Minnesota (to form the Center for Premodern Studies). At a time when the advocacy of the study of pre-modern history is vital as never before, this situates the JEMH very well. The introduction closes with a series of acknowledgements and thanks not only directed to the editorial team both in Minnesota and Leiden for the support they have given me, as editor-in-chief, since July 2010, but also to the numerous authors and readers of manuscripts who have made the journal what it is today.

Rick Halpern and Jonathan Morris, eds., American Exceptionalism? U.S. Working Class Formation in an International Context. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. v + 325 pp. $69.95 cloth.

2000 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Colin J. Davis
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Working Class ◽  
American Exceptionalism ◽  
Class Formation ◽  
International Context ◽  
Cottage Industry ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The University

The concept of American exceptionalism has been with us for a long time. The abundance of books and articles on the subject represents a vigorous cottage industry. This collection of essays is a welcome addition to the historiography but, as with its forbears, the issue remains a tricky if not a treacherous animal to grasp. As Halpern and Morris point out in their introductory chapter, “The Persistence of Exceptionalism,” the concept is a “corpse that continually springs to life” (1). These essays “spring to life” from the celebrated annual Commonwealth Conference at the University of London.

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