Condition of sows during reproductive activity depending on lipid metabolism gene (DGAT1) polymorphism

Abstract Mutations at gene loci associated with body lipid metabolism may affect not only carcass and meat quality traits in young animals but also the production results of mother sows. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of mutations in the DGAT1 gene, found in Polish populations of maternal breeds, on condition of gilts and later on condition and reproductive performance of sows during three reproductive cycles. The study involved 118 gilts of maternal breeds (Polish Large White (PLW ) and Polish Landrace (PL)). Gilts and subsequently sows were monitored for body weight (BW) and P2 backfat thickness over three reproductive cycles and their litters were analysed for the number and body weight of the piglets. A total of 354 litters of pigs were evaluated. In the analysed pig populations, a single mutation (A/G) in the DGAT1 gene (rs45434075) had a significant effect on deposition of subcutaneous fat only in the PLW gilts (P2G, AA,AG<GG P≤0.05 and P2F r=214 P≤0.01). As regards the G/A 3’UTR polymorphism of the DGAT1 gene (rs342152658), this mutation is negatively correlated only in the PL sows with fatness during their reproductive life and with BW of the piglets reared to 21 d of age. Sows of the DGAT1GG 3’UTR genotype had significantly lower P2F backfat thickness (P≤0.05) and, during a 21-d lactation, reared lighter piglets (P≤0.01) compared to sows of the same breed with the DGAT1AG 3’UTR genotype. The analysed traits were also affected by the interaction between mutations in the DGAT1 gene of the sows of maternal breeds (DGAT1/DGAT1 3’UTR). Sows of the DGAT1GG/GG genotype were characterised by the highest backfat thickness on selection day, and during three reproductive cycles they reared significantly more piglets compared to sows of the DGAT1AA/AG genotype. Heterozygous sows (AG/AG) reared significantly heavier piglets than sows of the AA/GG and AG/GG genotypes (P≤0.05).

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Fat mobilization in Pietrain and Large White pigs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19770019 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 167-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 43

Author(s):

J. D. Wood ◽

N. G. Gregory ◽

G. M. Hall ◽

D. Lister

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Oleic Acid ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Entry Rate ◽

Large White ◽

Insulin Metabolism ◽

Fat Mobilization ◽

Body Tissues ◽

Norepinephrine Infusion

1. Two experiments were done with Pietrain and Large White pigs (about 50 kg body-weight) to determine whether fat mobilization is enhanced in the stress-sensitive Pietrains (which also produce pale, soft, exudative (PSE) meat).2. In Expt 1, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations and composition were measured in five Pietrains and five Large Whites after feeding, during an infusion of norepinephrine (2.5 μg/kg body-weight per min), 16 and 21 h after the withdrawal of food and following insulin administration (0.3 IU/kg body-weight). The entry rate of oleic acid was measured 4 h after feeding. Body composition and longissimus dorsi pH measurements were made on killing the pigs 4 d after the experiment.3. After feeding, the Pietrains tended to have lower concentrations of glucose and insulin in plasma compared with the Large Whites, and higher concentrations of FFA. The Pietrains also had a faster entry rate of oleic acid into body tissues. In fasting (16 h) these differences in hormone and metabolite concentrations were also present and relationships between them and body development could be detected. Pietrains had higher concentrations of FFA and lower concentrations of insulin than Large Whites at a particular stage of the development of fat and muscle (subcutaneous fat weight÷longissimus muscle weight).4. The fatty acid composition of FFA resembled that of the backfat triglycerides in fasting and during norepinephrine infusion but not in the fed state. In particular the proportion of fatty acid 18:1 was low in the fed pigs and that of 18:2 was high. The contrast in FFA composition between the fed and stimulated state was greater in the Large Whites.5. The Pietrains were less sensitive to the antilipolytic action of insulin. Glucose and FFA concentrations were similar in both breeds during the norepinephrine infusion although insulin concentrations were increased to a larger extent in the Large Whites at the termination of the infusion.6. In Expt 2, anaesthetized Pietrain and Large White pigs were given constant infusions of norepinephrine alone (2.5 μg/kg body-weight per min) and norepinephrine+propranolol (2 and 10 μg/kg body-weight per min) or phentolamine (2 and 10 μg/kg body-weight per min). The aim was to determine whether the breeds differed in their sensitivity to norepinephrine when conscious responses to the hormone were prevented.7. When norepinephrine alone was infused, fat mobilization was greater in the Pietrain pigs and glucose concentrations were greater in the Large Whites. Propranolol markedly reduced the lipolytic action of norepinephrine, particularly in the Pietrain pigs studied, and phentolamine reduced its glycogenolytic action, particularly in the Large White pig.8. It seems that the leanness of stress-sensitive, PSE-susceptible Pietrain pigs may be due to an enhanced fat mobilization under various conditions, associated with an impairment in insulin metabolism and a greater sensitivity to the β-adrenergic action of catecholamines on body fat stores.

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Lipid Metabolism Gene Expression And Cellularity of Intramuscular Adipocytes Within The Longissimus Muscle of Angus- And Wagyu-Sired Cattle When Raised To A Similar Age or Body Weight

10.21203/rs.3.rs-764272/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jerad Jaborek ◽

Francis Fluharty ◽

Kichoon Lee ◽

Henry Zerby ◽

Alejandro Relling

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Body Weight ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Binding Protein ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator ◽

Longissimus Muscle ◽

Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽

Lipid Metabolism Gene ◽

Metabolism Gene

Abstract Background: This study investigates intramuscular (IM) adipocyte development and growth in the Longissimus muscle (LM) between Wagyu- and Angus-sired steers compared at a similar age and days on feed (DOF) endpoint or similar body weight (BW) endpoint by measuring IM adipocyte cell area and lipid metabolism gene expression. Methods: Angus-sired steers (AN, n=6) were compared with steers from two different Wagyu sires, selected for either growth or marbling, to be compared at a similar DOF (WA-GD, n=5 and WA-MD, n=5) in experiment 1 or BW (WA-GB, n=4 and WA-MB, n=5) in experiment 2, respectively. Results: In experiment 1, WA-MD steers had a greater percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GD steers. In experiment 2, WA-MB steers had a greater percentage of IM fat in the LM compared with AN and WA-GB steers. The distribution of IM adipocyte area was unimodal at all biopsy collections, with IM adipocyte area becoming progressively larger as cattle age and BW increased (P≤0.01). Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor delta (PPARd) was upregulated earlier for WA-MD and WA-MB cattle compared with other steers at a similar age and BW (P≤0.02; treatment×biopsy interaction). An earlier upregulation of PPARd is believed to have then upregulated peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARg) at a lesser BW for WA-MB steers (P=0.09; treatment×biopsy interaction), while WA-MD steers had a greater (P≤0.04) overall mean PPARg expression compared with other steers. Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase, lipin 1, and hormone sensitive lipase demonstrated expression patterns similar to PPARg and PPARd or CCAAT enhancer binding protein beta, which emphasizes their importance in marbling development and growth. Additionally, WA-MD and WA-MB steers often had a greater early expression of fatty acid transporters (fatty acid transport protein 1; P<0.02; treatment×biopsy interaction) and binding proteins (fatty acid binding protein 4) compared with other steers. With many lipolytic genes upregulated at harvest, acetyl-CoA carboxylase beta may be inhibiting fatty acid oxidation in the LM to allow greater IM fat accumulation.Conclusions: Cattle with a greater marbling propensity appear to upregulate adipogenesis at a lesser maturity through PPARd, PPARg, and possibly adipogenic regulating compounds in lysophosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol.

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Relationships between whole-body chemical composition, physically dissected carcass parts and backfat measurements in pigs

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100018638 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 263-273 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

A. J. Rook ◽

M. Ellis ◽

C. T. Whittemore ◽

P. Phillips

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Distribution ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Sex Selection ◽

Whole Body ◽

Selection Line ◽

Control Line ◽

Body Lipid ◽

Large White ◽

Intermuscular Fat

ABSTRACTLog-linear relationships between various measurements of the chemical and physical body composition of the pig were obtained in four datasets representing a range of sexes, genotypes and feeding treatments. One of these datasets (dataset 1) comprised genetic control and selection line Large White pigs. There were significant differences between datasets for most of the relationships investigated. The causes of the differences cannot be determined. Within datasets, relationships between various body components and the weight of crude protein in the whole body were unaffected by genotype or sex. The relationships of both intermuscular fat and trimmed carcass lipid with whole body lipid differed significantly between the control and selection lines in dataset 1. Fat thickness measurements taken over the m. longissimus at the last rib were less at the same body lipid in the selection line than the control line suggesting a redistribution of fat away from this area as a result of selection. Relationships between viscera, lungs and empty body weight were significantly affected by line while those between trimmed carcass, liver, kidneys and empty body weight were significantly affected by sex. Selection line pigs had less perinephric and retroperitoneal fat than controls at the same whole body fat weight and less subcutaneous fat at the same cold carcass weight. There were no significant line effects on lean or bone weight distribution. Selection line pigs had significantly less subcutaneous fat in the collar joint and more intermuscular fat in the ham. There were few significant sex effects on tissue weight distribution.

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Meatiness of tested gilts in three consecutive years

Biotechnology in Animal Husbandry ◽

10.2298/bah1902153g ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 153-161

Author(s):

Marija Gogic ◽

Cedomir Radovic ◽

Dragan Radojkovic ◽

Radomir Savic ◽

Maja Petricevic ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Performance Test ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Back Muscle ◽

Large White ◽

The Third ◽

Meat Content ◽

The Impact ◽

Daily Gain ◽

Very High

In the present study, the aim was to determine the impact of the following factors: age, farm, and gilt genotype, as well as the regression impact of body weight at the end of the performance test on the following tested properties: age at the end of the test/final age (FA), lifetime daily gain (LDG), the backfat thickness measured in two places (according to the Main Breeding program for Central Serbia), the depth of the long back muscle (BM) and the estimated lean meat content/meatiness (M). The study included two farms of pigs (farm 1 and farm 2), for three consecutive years (year 1, year 2 and year 3). The number of tested heads per year was 974 (year 1), 1311 (year 2) and 757 (year 3). The tested gilts were of Swedish Landrace, Large White and Duroc breeds. The gilts originated from 97 sires, while the number of daughters per sires ranged from 10 to 100. The results show that the Duroc animals were the oldest (245 days), which had the highest values for both measures of backfat thickness, but the lowest values for meatiness. In the third study year, the lowest average values were determined for the properties of the LDG, BM and M. The female animals from the farm 1 showed less growth/gain and had lower values for the estimated meatiness. As a result of the study, it was established that all included factors had a very high statistically significant influence on the variation of the tested properties (P <0.001), only the genotype of gilts showed a high statistically significant effect on the BM property (P <0.01).

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Breed-specific lipid-related gene expression in the subcutaneous fat of Large White and Erhualian pigs at weaning

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-58-33-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 33-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Y. Zheng ◽

S. Pan ◽

Y. Huang ◽

L. Ci ◽

R. Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Mrna Expression ◽

Protein Level ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Hormone Sensitive Lipase ◽

Large White ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract. The Erhualian (EHL) pig possesses significantly lower growth rates and higher adipose deposition compared with the Large White (LW) pig. To further understand the mechanism of breed lipid deposition difference at the early postnatal age, we employed an animal model of EHL and LW pigs at weaning age to compare the lipid metabolism differences in subcutaneous fat. The result showed that serum triglyceride in EHL was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of LW. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ protein level in EHL was significantly higher (P < 0.01) though CCTTA enhancer-binding protein level demonstrated no change compared with LW pigs. Hormone sensitive lipase, adipose tissue triglyceride lipase mRNA expression and the lipase activity were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in EHL. Uncoupling protein-2 protein content was significantly lower (P < 0.01) in EHL than that in LW pigs. We first cloned the nucleotide sequence of Zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) with 1090 bp and found that both ZAG mRNA expression and protein level in EHL pigs was significantly lower (P < 0.01) than that of LW pigs. β3 adrenergic receptor mRNA expression in EHL pigs was significantly higher (P < 0.01) than that of LW pigs, though tumour necrosis factor α gene expression demonstrated no significant difference. Therefore, the significant breed lipid metabolism difference in subcutaneous fat exists at an early postnatal age between EHL and LW pigs, and this difference may originate from two causes including the increased lipid synthesis and reduced lipid mobilization in EHL pigs compared with LW pigs.

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Feeding patterns, growth performance and carcass traits in group-housed growing-finishing pigs: the effect of terminal sire line, halothane genotype and age

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1357729800053601 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 77 (1) ◽

pp. 11-21 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

E. Fàbrega ◽

J. Tibau ◽

J. Soler ◽

J. Fernández ◽

J. Font ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Growth Performance ◽

Feeding Rate ◽

Occupation Time ◽

Backfat Thickness ◽

Finishing Pigs ◽

Feeding Patterns ◽

Large White ◽

Terminal Sire

AbstractThe effects of terminal sire line, halothane genotype and age on feeding patterns and growth performance were studied in 208 castrated growing-finishing pigs distributed in two batches. In batch 1 (no. = 130), pigs came from crosses of NN Landrace × Large White sows with a Pietrain Nn (Pi-Nn) or a Large White × Pietrain Nn terminal sire line (LwPi-Nn). In batch 2 (no. = 78), the same sows were used but crossed with three different terminal sire lines : a Pietrain nn (Pi-nn), and two Pietrain NN (Pi-NNa and Pi-NNb). Growth performance and feeding patterns of the progeny (Nn or NN for the halothane gene) were measured from 67 to 166 days of age. Pigs were housed in groups of 10 and 13 individuals in Batch 1 and 2, respectively, with a random mixed-breed and halothane genotype sample in each group (space allowance 1·3 m2 per pig and 1·1 m2 per pig, respectively). Feeding patterns were monitored with a computerized food intake recording system (IVOG®-station) and every 3 weeks pigs were weighed and backfat and loin-muscle depth were ultrasonically recorded (PIGLOG®). Carcass quality was assessed with the Fat-o-Meater grading probe. In batch 1, halothane genotype did not have a significant effect on any of the feeding patterns recorded, but Nn individuals had a significantly higher body weight (P <0·05), loin-muscle depth (P <0·05) and lower backfat thickness (P <0·01) in the last measurement taken, 3/4 carcass loin depth (P <0·05) and lower carcass last rib backfat (P <0·05) than NN pigs. Terminal sire line had a significant effect on all feeding patterns recorded except for feeding rate, Pi-Nn sired pigs showing a significantly higher food intake per visit (P <0·05) and feeder occupation time per visit (P <0·05) and lower number of visits (P <0·001) compared with LwPi-Nn sired pigs which, in turn, showed significantly higher food intake per day (P <0·001) and feeder occupation time per day (P <0·01). Terminal sire also affected growth performance and body composition, Pi-Nn sired pigs having a significantly lower body weight (P <0·001) and backfat thickness (P <0·001) but higher killing-out proportion and 3/4 loin depth (P <0·01) than LwPi-Nn sired pigs. In batch 2, Pi-NNb sired pigs showed a significantly lower food intake per day compared with the progeny of the other two terminal sires lines at some of the age measurements taken (P <0·05). The rest of the feeding patterns was not affected by terminal sire line. Body and carcass weights were also significantly lower (P <0·01) for Pi-NNb sired pigs, but their killing-out proportion was higher than Pi-NNa sired pigs. With regard to these variables, Pi-nn sired pigs held an intermediate position between the two NN terminal sire lines. In both batches, age was associated with a significant increase in food intake per visit and per day and feeding rate (P <0·001) and a decrease in feeder occupation time per visit and per day and frequency of visits to the feeder (P <0·001). Overall, the present results suggest differences between terminal sire lines for feeding patterns and confirm their evolution with age from short and frequent meals to long and larger ones in growing-finishing pigs. Under our conditions, the effects of terminal sire line on feeding patterns and growth performance surpassed those of the halothane genotype.

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The Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors on Lipid Metabolism

Metabolites ◽

10.3390/metabo11020087 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 87

Author(s):

Zsolt Szekeres ◽

Kalman Toth ◽

Eszter Szabados

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Ketone Bodies ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Substrate Utilization ◽

Sglt2 Inhibitors ◽

The Body ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Remarkable Effect ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are effective antihyperglycemic agents by inhibiting glucose reabsorption in the proximal tubule of the kidney. Besides improving glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes, they also have additional favorable effects, such as lowering body weight and body fat. Several clinical studies have demonstrated their positive effect in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Furthermore, the use of SGLT2 inhibitors were associated with fewer adverse renal outcomes comparing to other diabetic agents, substantiating their renoprotective effect in diabetic patients. SGLT2 inhibitors have also remarkable effect on lipid metabolism acting at different cellular levels. By decreasing the lipid accumulation, visceral and subcutaneous fat, they do not only decrease the body weight but also change body composition. They also regulate key molecules in lipid synthesis and transportation, and they affect the oxidation of fatty acids. Notably, they shift substrate utilization from carbohydrates to lipids and ketone bodies. In this review we intended to summarize the role of SGLT2 inhibitors in lipid metabolism especially on lipoprotein levels, lipid regulation, fat storage and substrate utilization.

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