The Expression of Case in Hittite Writing

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-49
Author(s):  
Mojca Cajnko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Semiotic System ◽  
Case Theory ◽  
Case System ◽  
Key Terms

AbstractThe introduction to the article presents writing as a semiotic system by applying some key terms from Eco’s semiotics (1979) to Hittite writing. It then draws on modern case theory to describe case as a syntactic-semantic relationship which may be expressed by various means. The main part of the paper presents the different ways in which case could be expressed in Hittite writing. This paper is therefore only the beginning of research on case in Hittite writing. It offers a theoretical basis for further studies on this topic which will enable a more comprehensive understanding of the complex case system in Hittite.

scholarly journals A developed understanding of the beneficiary’s interest in commercial trusts through a comparative study of Chinese law

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-357
Author(s):  
Ruiqiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Main Claim ◽  
Chinese Law ◽  
Judicial Interpretations

Trusts have existed for centuries, while societies and economies have developed in the intervening years. This requires renovations, or new judicial interpretations, of what a trust is in order to adapt it to modern circumstances. Based on a discussion about the theoretical basis for the research – the new role of trusts in a commercial context and the essence of the trust – the author provides a developed understanding of the beneficiary’s interest to adjust the traditional trust notions to meet the demands of commercial practices. She argues that, based on a case study of Chinese law, a beneficiary’s right can be explained as a special personal claim consisting of three parts: the main claim (personal claims), appurtenant rights (rights of supervision) and security rights (rights of revocation). The theory of beneficiary’s special personal claim provides a more unified and comprehensive understanding of the nature of the beneficiary’s interest, particularly in newly developed commercial trusts.

北方农村老年人 “轮养” 方式研究—基于河北调查 数据

Rural China ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-341 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Elderly People ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Main Part ◽  
North China ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Old Age Support ◽  
South Central ◽  
Ancient Times

Abstract In multi-child families, lunyang (different children taking turns to provide support) for aged parents or single parents has been a form of family old-age support since ancient times. Based on the survey I carried out in 2008 in three villages respectively located in Zhao county (south central Hebei), Fengrun district of Tangshan county (East Hebei), and Chicheng county (Northwest Hebei), this article intends to achieve a comprehensive understanding of lunyang, a form of old-age support in North China villages, through statistical analysis. According to this research, 13.30% of the elderly people older than 60 in the surveyed villages were under care rotation. Regionally, Fengrun district had the highest level of lunyang, where over 20% of the surveyed elderly people lived by lunyang. In comparison, the elderly people under lunyang numbered 13.45% in Zhao county and only 3.55% in Chicheng county. In terms of age group, more than 30% of the surveyed elderly people older than 80 in Zhao county and Fengrun district were under lunyang. From the perspective of lunyang’s form, the portion of the singles under lunyang amounted to more than 70%. In other words, widowed elderly constituted the main part of lunyang. Couples under lunyang numbered less than 30%. The mainstream practice was for the different children to provide both meals and accommodation in turn, accounting for 70% of the cases of lunyang. However, the practice of meal rotation only increased among elderly people older than 80, accounting for over 30%. The practice of accommodation rotation only accounted for slightly more than 10%, and concentrated on people younger than 70. In most cases, the duration of the cycle for lunyang ranged from 1 month to 1 year, and the cycle of 1 month and 1 year accounted for more than 60%. In terms of control over resources for survival, only 10% of elderly people under lunyang owned their residence, and the overwhelming majority of them relied on their children to provide living expenses, showing the weak control of elderly people under rotation over survival resources and their rigid dependency on their children for old-age support. (This article is in Chinese.) 摘要 有多子的年老父母或单亲以 “轮养” 方式被赡养是一项古已有之的家庭养老做法。本文以 2008 年笔者在冀中南赵县、冀东唐山市丰润区和冀西北赤城县三个村庄所作问卷调查为基础，对 “轮养” 行为进行统计分析，试图比较全面地认识北方农村这一养老模式。根据本项研究，调查村庄 60 岁以上受访老年人被 “轮养”比例为 13.30%。 其中，丰润区 “轮养” 水平最高，超过 20% 的受访老年人以 “轮养” 方式生活，赵县为 13.45%，赤城县则只有 3.55%。分年龄组看，赵县和丰润区 80 岁以上受访老年人被 “轮养” 者超过 30%。从轮养形式看，丧偶单亲被 “轮养” 占 70% 多，夫妇被 “轮养” 不足 30%。轮吃轮住方式约占 70%；80 岁以上老年人轮吃不轮住增加，超过 30%；轮住不轮吃只占 10% 多一点，集中于 70 岁以下低龄老年组。“轮养” 周期多为 1 个月至一年之间，其中 1 个月和 1 年这两种 “轮养” 形式超过 60%。从生存资源的掌握上看，“轮养” 老年人有自己产权住房的比例只占 10%，绝大多数 “轮养” 老年人由子女提供生活费用。 被 “轮养” 老年人资源支配能力很弱，是亲代对子代养老具有刚性依赖的表现。

scholarly journals Robust Confidence Intervals for the Population Mean Alternatives to the Student-t Confidence Interval

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-15
Author(s):  
Jennifer E. V. Lloyd ◽  
Jacqui Boonstra ◽  
Barry Forer ◽  
Rush Hershler ◽  
Constance Milbrath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Knowledge Translation ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Youth Health ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
Data Linkages

Population-based, person-specific, longitudinal child and youth health and developmental data linkages involve connecting combinations of specially-collected data and administrative data for longitudinal population research purposes. This glossary provides definitions of key terms and concepts related to their theoretical basis, research infrastructure, research methodology, statistical analysis, and knowledge translation.

Semantic Term-Term Coupling based Feature Enhancement of User Profiles in Recommendation Systems

2022 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
User Profiles ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
User Interest ◽  
Similarity Estimation ◽  
Term Relation ◽  
Relation Analysis ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Key Terms ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Search And Retrieval

Content-based recommender system is a subclass of information systems that recommends an item to the user based on its description. It suggests items such as news, documents, articles, webpages, journals, and more to users as per their inclination by comparing the key features of the items with key terms or features of user interest profiles. This paper proposes the new methodology using Non-IIDness based semantic term-term coupling from the content referred by users to enhance recommendation results. In the proposed methodology, the semantic relationship is analyzed by estimating the explicit and implicit relationship between terms. It associates terms that are semantically related in real world or are used inter-changeably such as synonyms. The underestimated features of user profiles have been enhanced after term-term relation analysis which results in improved similarity estimation of relevant items with the user profiles.The experimentation result proves that the proposed methodology improves the overall search and retrieval results as compared to the state-of-art algorithms.

Diachrony and Synchrony of the Latin Ablative

Diachronica ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Gasperini
Keyword(s):  
Main Part ◽  
Prepositional Phrases ◽  
The Third ◽  
Case System ◽  
Comparative Reconstruction ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Donne Lieu

SUMMARY The present work is concerned with certain aspects of the syncretistic history and synchronic function of the Latin ablative. After a review of the main results achieved and the questions still open in the comparative reconstruction of the Indo-European ablative, locative and instrumental cases, whose merger brought about the Latin ablative, the nature of the syncretism itself is investigated, by drawing some hints from the forms to shed light on the functions. In this treatment the thesis of Meiser (1992) concerning their syncretism through congruence of extensions gives rise, in fact, to interesting corollaries. The third and main part of the paper constitutes a reconstruction hypothesis of the Latin strategies to express the original instrumental meaning area through the alternate use of inherited bare cases and extensive prepositional phrases. The animacy hierarchy with its correlation of attributes seems a proper criterion through which Latin organizes the fluid and somehow redundant situation of a prepositional-case system by building a morphosyntactic schema. RÉSUMÉ Le present travail traite de quelques aspects de la genese syncretiste et du fonctionnement synchronique de l'ablatif latin. Apres un aperçu des principaux acquis et des questions toujours ouvertes en matiere de la reconstruction de l'ablatif, du locatif et de l'instrumental indo-europeens — dont la fusion aboutit a l'ablatif latin — , il est procede a l'examen d'un tel syncretisme, en relevant un certain nombre d'indices formels susceptibles de jeter la lumiere sur les fonctions. Dans ce developpement la these de Meiser (1992) sur le syncretisme a travers la correspondance d'extensions, donne lieu, en fait, a d'interessants corollaires. La troisieme — et principale — partie de 1'article consiste en une hypothese de reconstruction des strategies latines visant l'expression du domaine semantique de 1'instrumental, a travers l'alternance entre cas et groupes prepositionnels: la hierarchie de l'anime, avec sa correlation d'attributs, semble un critere adequat pour comprendre le façon dont le latin a organise la situation fluctuante et quelque peu redon-dante d'un systeme casuel/prepositionnel, en construisant un schema morpho-syntaxique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt einige Aspekte der synkretistischen Genese sowie des synchronischen Funktionierens des lateinischen Ablativs. Zunachst werden in einem Uberblick die wichtigsten bereits erzielten Ergebnisse vorgestellt und dazu auch die immer noch ungelosten Fragen in der Rekonstruktion des indo-europaischen Ablativs, sowie des Lokativ- und Instrumentalkasus, deren Zusammenfall den lateinischen Ablativ hervor-gebracht hat. Anschliessend wird die Natur eines solchen Synkretismus erforscht, indem einige formale Hinweise im Hinblick auf eine Erklarung der Funktionen untersucht werden. In diesem Zusammenhang führt Meisers (1992) These iiber Synkretismus als ein Ergebnis der Kongruenz von Extensionen zu interessanten Schlußfolgerungen. Der dritte und wichtigste Teil des Beitrags betrifft den Versuch einer Rekonstruktion der lateinischen Strategien zur Gestaltung des ursprunglichen instrumentalen Bedeutungs-bereichs durch den wechselnden Gebrauch von bloBem Kasus und Prapositio-nalphrasen. Es stellt sich heraus, daB die Belebtheitshierarchie mit ihrer Korrelation der Attribute ein geeignetes Kriterium darstellt, mit dem das Lateinische die fließende und scheinbar redundante Situation eines praposi-tionalen Kasussystems durch die Entwicklung eines morphosyntaktischen Schemas behoben hat.

scholarly journals A quick look at the latest developments in the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 030006052094380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xue ◽  
Jiao Li ◽  
Lin Wei ◽  
Cuiqing Ma
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
International Committee ◽  
World Health ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
The World ◽  
Emerging Virus ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Health Organization

In December 2019, a new respiratory disease manifesting as viral pneumonia emerged in Wuhan, China. Isolation and identification of the virus showed that the pathogen causing this disease was a novel coronavirus. On January 12, 2020, the World Health Organization named the novel coronavirus causing the outbreak 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV). The disease caused by the virus was named coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Later, the Coronavirus Study Group of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses formally named this virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The virus shows strong infectivity and high lethality, arousing widespread concern. As an emerging virus, a comprehensive understanding of SARS-CoV-2 is missing. To provide a reference and a theoretical basis for further study of SARS-CoV-2, recent advances in our understanding of the virus are summarized in this review.

scholarly journals Multi-amalgamation of rules with application conditions in -adhesive categories

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
ULRIKE GOLAS ◽  
ANNEGRET HABEL ◽  
HARTMUT EHRIG
Keyword(s):  
Petri Nets ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Operational Semantics ◽  
Current Paper ◽  
Complex Case ◽  
Modelling Languages ◽  
Attributed Graphs ◽  
Standard Graph

Amalgamation is a well-known concept for graph transformations that is used to model synchronised parallelism of rules with shared subrules and corresponding transformations. This concept is especially important for an adequate formalisation of the operational semantics of statecharts and other visual modelling languages, where typed attributed graphs are used for multiple rules with nested application conditions. However, the theory of amalgamation for the double-pushout approach has so far only been developed on a set-theoretical basis for pairs of standard graph rules without any application conditions.For this reason, in the current paper we present the theory of amalgamation for$\mathcal{M}$-adhesive categories, which form a slightly more general framework than (weak) adhesive HLR categories, for a bundle of rules with (nested) application conditions. The two main results are the Complement Rule Theorem, which shows how to construct a minimal complement rule for each subrule, and the Multi-Amalgamation Theorem, which generalises the well-known Parallelism and Amalgamation Theorems to the case of multiple synchronised parallelism. In order to apply the largest amalgamated rule, we use maximal matchings, which are computed according to the actual instance graph. The constructions are illustrated by a small but meaningful running example, while a more complex case study concerning the firing semantics of Petri nets is presented as an introductory example and to provide motivation.

scholarly journals INTERTEXTUALITY IN THE POETIC LANGUAGE OF MAXYM RYLSKYI

2020 ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
Alyona PALASH
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Empty Space ◽  
Literary Text ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Topical Issue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

Problem’s setting. The problem of interpretation and research of the term “intertextuality” today is a topical issue of philosophy, literary criticism, linguistics, modern Ukrainian linguistic poetics, and stylistics of the text. That is, no text can be created in an empty space, it must have an intertextual relationship with other works or texts. Analysis of recent studies. The theoretical basis for the study formed works in the field of modern linguistics, in particular, Robert de Bogrand, Alexander Veselovsky, Olga Vorobyova, Wolfgang Dressler, Alexander Potebnya considered “intertextuality” as a textual category; Yuri Lotman, Vladimir Lukin – as a prerequisite for textuality; Lyudmyla Babenko, Suren Zolyan, Larysa Omelchenko, Natalia Fateeva – as means of its implementation in specific texts. Objective of the research. The purpose of the work is to analyze the external and internal connections of the literary text of Maksym Rylsky and the means of their realization in the explicitly intertextual process of the text’s existence. The main part. The article studies the peculiarities of the artistic embodiment of intertextuality in the poems of Maxim Rylsky; the definition of intertext in a broad and narrow sense is traced; the classification of the intertextuality of Jennet is singled out. The focus is on the separation of language units, intertextual components in the language of Maxim Rylsky; examples and quotations, allusions, titles, epigraphs, hints, genre connection of texts, references to the pretext in the artist’s creative work are given and analyzed. Conclusions. Research and analysis of the intertextuality of the artist’s poetics show that in a new way the comprehension and depiction of quotations, allusions, epigraphs, titles, hints, paraphrases become differential features of the individual author’s style.

scholarly journals The State of Business Rescue Practitioners Professional Accreditation

SAGE Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 215824402110503
Author(s):  
Onesmus Ayaya ◽  
Marius Pretorius
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Extensive Reading ◽  
Current State ◽  
Interpretive Approach ◽  
Professional Body ◽  
Professional Accreditation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Key Terms

Business rescue practitioners (BRPs) are subject to many allegations of abuse and, therefore, professional accreditation has become a pre-requisite. The Companies and Intellectual Property Commission (CIPC) licensing is linked to multiple professional bodies’ knowledge and practices but is not generic. This study was guided by one key question: What is BRPs’ accreditation’s current state in a multiple professional body occupation? We used data mapped to scholarly and documented policy sources, categorized results from extensive reading, and integrated critical constructs (after the deconstruction of concepts) to yield a conceptual framework to develop a comprehensive understanding of professional accreditation. The results confirm the existence of a legal framework and institutional arrangements that are not coherently applied because of the absence of a professional accreditation framework (PAF). The proposed conceptual framework captures the concepts of the business rescue domain, professionalism, competency, accreditation, and definition of key terms to provide an interpretive approach to the BRPs’ accreditation reality resulting in a PAF based on the integration of BRP tasks and services and accreditation, competency, and professionalism.

International Relations and political violence: A study of the causes of domestic Jihadist violence in a transatlantic context

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 144-162
Author(s):  
S. Yaqub Ibrahimi
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Levels Of Analysis ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
The West ◽  
Individual Group ◽  
Global Security ◽  
Security Services ◽  
Security Problem

Two decades after the 9/11 attacks, homegrown jihadist violence (HJV) in the West has almost disappeared, but the causes and conditions fomenting the phenomenon have not changed much. In this paper, I argue that, despite the security services’ ability to physically destroy the structures and networks of HJV in separate national contexts, the spectre of HJV is haunting theWest as a transnational problem. Dealing effectively with this problem requires a comprehensive understanding of the root causes of HJV and its cross-level and transnational origins. This paper examines such causes through the lens of International Relations’ levels of analysis, which allows us to categorize and explain those causes at individual, group, and international levels. The paper seeks to add new insight to the HJV literature and, at the same time, provide a pre-theoretical basis for a broader debate on the causes of this global security problem.

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