Chinese literature and “New Methods of Midwifery” during the 1950s

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuwen He
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Professional Women ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Delivery Methods ◽  
Traditional Concept ◽  
New Methods ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Literary Description ◽  
The 1950S

Abstract The literary description of the movement, “New Methods of Midwifery,” during the 1950s is not only a historical record of the innovation of delivery techniques, but also a demonstration of the realization of bio-governance at the grassroots level, and of the reformation of traditional gender concepts. These works directly criticized outdated delivery methods and the traditional concept of life that traditional midwives observed and also documented the development of bio-politics in New China. The writers portrayed a series of images of traditional midwives and socialist midwives which left a traceable legacy of visions of Chinese professional women. This article aims to investigate the images of this special professional group and their cultural significance to the reformation of Chinese fertility culture, daily life and the development of bio-politics during the 1950s.

scholarly journals The impact of recent events on human genetic diversity

2012 ◽  
Vol 367 (1590) ◽  
pp. 793-799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark A. Jobling
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Social Selection ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Wide Data ◽  
Male Specific ◽  
Demographic Impact ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Linguistics

The historical record tells us stories of migrations, population expansions and colonization events in the last few thousand years, but what was their demographic impact? Genetics can throw light on this issue, and has mostly done so through the maternally inherited mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and the male-specific Y chromosome. However, there are a number of problems, including marker ascertainment bias, possible influences of natural selection, and the obscuring layers of the palimpsest of historical and prehistorical events. Y-chromosomal lineages are particularly affected by genetic drift, which can be accentuated by recent social selection. A diversity of approaches to expansions in Europe is yielding insights into the histories of Phoenicians, Roma, Anglo-Saxons and Vikings, and new methods for producing and analysing genome-wide data hold much promise. The field would benefit from more consensus on appropriate methods, and better communication between geneticists and experts in other disciplines, such as history, archaeology and linguistics.

Painterly focused Chinese ink animation: Seeing through the cultural lens of the Xiang system

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-164
Author(s):  
Chen Chen
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Digital Age ◽  
Creative Strategy ◽  
Literature And Philosophy ◽  
Digital Painting ◽  
Award Winning ◽  
The 1950S

Chinese ink animation has won worldwide respect for its ethereal and refined approach to ink painting. From the 1950s to 1980s, the Shanghai Animation Film Studio produced a number of award-winning ink animations. These animations share a unique traditional Chinese aesthetic based on Chinese literature and philosophy. However, the complex and long hand-made production process is one of the factors that caused the decline of Chinese ink animation following the 1980s. Since the millennium, three-dimensional ink modelling and digital painting technology have contributed to the revival of Chinese ink animation. This article summarizes the development of the production process of Chinese ink animation, together with its artistic features in both the analogue and digital age. Theoretically, this article focuses on a Chinese poetic framework, ‘the Xiang system’, as both a creative strategy for producing Chinese ink animation and an analytical lens to critique it.

Defence budgeting and accountability: Britain and the United States

1983 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Stephen Kirby ◽  
Andrew Cox
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Public Spending ◽  
The United States ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Defence Spending ◽  
The Creation ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Post War

Post-war budgeting for defence in Britain and the United States has become highly complex and politically contentious both for successive administrations and for Congress and Parliament. In the 1950s and 1960s new methods of budgeting were introduced by the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Ministry of Defence (MoD) which held out the prospect both of more efficient management of defence programmes and of greater accountability for defence spending to the respective legislatures. Paradoxically, these same methods presented problems to Congress and Parliament and to their defence and financial committees, which were unable to comprehend the new budget techniques. This and other problems produced pressure in the 1970s, in both countries, for the creation of new committees for the scrutiny of defence and other public spending matters. This paper will examine briefly the developments in defence budgeting in Britain and America and assess the advantages they were purported to offer, especially those that relate to defence accountability. It will then examine the responses of Congress and Parliament to them and assess the extent to which new committees, created in the 1970s, were able to draw upon those budget techniques in a way that provided greater accountability of defence.

The Cultural Significance of the Reformation

1960 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Peter L. Berger ◽  
Karl Holl
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Significance ◽  
The Reformation

scholarly journals Between Rigor and Reverence. Yu Dafu and His Views on Translation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Magagnin
Keyword(s):  
Original Writing ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Modern Chinese Literature ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Artistic Career

Despite his prominence in modern Chinese literature and the significant role played by translation in his literary career, Yu Dafu’s (1896-1945) activity as a translation theorist and practitioner remains largely unexplored. Yu translated into Chinese a number of short stories, treatises, and poems by such authors as Wilde, Twain, Sinclair, Nietzsche, and Rousseau; he also devoted several essays to the issue of translation and its practice. Through an analysis of Yu’s theoretical writings, I aim to provide a brief account of his reflections on the subjectivity of the translator, the principles of a desirable translating practice, the relation between translation and original writing, and the cultural significance of translation. By doing so, I wish to highlight the seminal role played by such a reflection in Yu’s artistic career, as well as the specificity of his contribution within the intellectual debate on translation in his time.

scholarly journals Between Sinology and Socialism: Collective Memory of Czech Sinologists in the 1950s

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 116-133
Author(s):  
Ter-Hsing Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Collective Memory ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Political ◽  
International Affairs ◽  
Personal Factor ◽  
Overseas Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Contemporary Chinese

This paper intends to explore the collective memory of Czech sinologists in the 1950s based on the political zone between sinology and socialism. Czech sinological development in the 1950s was grounded on the personal factor of Prusek and the socialist transformation of new China. Socialist China offers two possibilities for the development of sinology, the first for friendly relations among socialist countries, including overseas students, and the second for studies of contemporary Chinese literature. The developmental framework of Czech sinology in the 1950s, or the social framework of collective memory for the Czech sinologists should be understood in the region under the mutual penetration of sinology and socialist China. This paper, firstly, discusses the background framework of constructing the Czech sinologists in the 1950s— the link between new China and the other socialist countries, and the relation between Prusek and socialist China. Secondly, this paper will analyze Czech sinological experiences in the 1950s through Halbwachs’ theory of collective memory.Mongolian Journal of International Affairs Vol.19 2014: 116-133

Epistemology

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Manning
Keyword(s):  
General Type ◽  
World History ◽  
Ways Of Knowing ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
The Common

This article poses questions and offers reflections on the most general type of thinking entailed in the study of world history. It addresses the common and contested ways of knowing the world and its past that are shared among us. It discusses the current state of epistemology in world history by giving brief and illustrative references to the development of global epistemology. The article focuses on current issues and current debates, regardless of whether they are new debates or old debates. The ‘historical record’ consists of the currently available evidence on past events. It can expand as more evidence is added with time and as new discoveries and new methods enable the retrieval of additional information on the past. But the historical record can contract as information is lost or forgotten. Finally and most common in usage is ‘history’ as representations of the past.

scholarly journals David Bond and Jean Picard: Two pivotal breeders of faba bean in the 20th century

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 483-487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard Duc ◽  
Fred Stoddard
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Legume Breeding ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
Protein Rich

AbstractDavid Bond and Jean Picard, two leaders of European legume breeding, died within a few months of each other. On the basis of their agronomic and genetic training, they both met the challenge of breeding faba bean, a protein-rich species that had received little attention from breeders before the 1950s (Picard, 1953; Bond 1957). Both made great strides at modernizing their chosen crop by developing and applying new ideas and techniques, as well as generating new methods and genetic materials.

South Carolina’s Tidal Rice Fields: Consultation, Collaboration, and Cultural Landscapes

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-444
Author(s):  
Jodi A. Barnes ◽  
Rebekah Dobrasko
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscapes ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
State Agencies ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
New Methods

Abstract:South Carolina’s tidal rice fields are significant historic and cultural landscapes. A critical piece of the cultural significance is continuity in the process of using the land. This essay provides an overview of how collaboration among historic preservationists, archaeologists, biologists, federal and state agencies, consultants, and plantation managers resulted in new methods of permitting work in historic tidal rice fields and new understandings of rice fields as significant historic properties.

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