scholarly journals Fish Lipids as a Valuable Source of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albena Merdzhanova ◽  
Ivaylo Ivanov ◽  
Diana A. Dobreva ◽  
Lyubomir Makedonski
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Oily Fish ◽  
Fish Lipids ◽  
Omega 6

Abstract This article presents information about omega-3 (h-3) and omega-6 (n-6) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) contents in a broad range of commercially important fish species available on Bulgarian fish markets. The aim is to raise consumers’ awareness and encourage them to eat fish. Fish species from the Black Sea coast have relatively high proportion of n-3 PUFAs, of which more than 80% is by EPf (eicosapentaenoic acid, C 20:5 n-3) and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid, C 22:6 n-3). Extensive epidemiological studies show that fish consumption is inversely associated with the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), stroke and the functioning of the brain. About 0.5 g of omega-3 (EPA+DHA) a day or two savings of oily fish a week are required to reduce the risk of death from CVD. PUFAs needs should be satisfied not only with food additives but with fish lipids containing food.

scholarly journals Nutritional evaluation of aquaculture mussels (M. galloprovincialis) from the Black Sea, Bulgaria

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albena Merdzhanova ◽  
Diana A. Dobreva ◽  
Stanislava Georgieva
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Kjeldahl Method

Abstract In recent years black mussels are one of the most commercially important species from the Bulgarian Black Sea. The marine mollusks are valuable healthy food, low in calories and fats and high in proteins. They are a major dietary source of fat soluble pigments - astaxanthin, carotenoids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). To our knowledge the information about the nutritional quality of mussels from the Bulgarian Black Sea waters, based on chemical composition, fat soluble pigments, cholesterol and PUFA content is very limited. The aim of the present study is to determine and compare protein, lipid, carbohydrate and energy values, fat soluble pigments, cholesterol and fatty acid composition in farmed mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Bulgarian northern and southern parts of the Black Sea coast. The mussel samples were analyzed for lipids (Bligh & Dyer method), crude proteins (Kjeldahl method), carbohydrates and moistures according to the AOAC (1990) methods. Fatty acids were analyzed by the GC-MS system. Fat soluble pigments and cholesterol were analyzed simultaneously by the RP-HPLC system. Lipid and protein content were found to be higher in mussels from the northern region. In accordance with the Commission Regulation (EC) No. 116/2010 all analyzed mussel samples can be classified as high in protein and low in fats and carbohydrates. The amount of cholesterol, contained in all mussel populations is significantly low, while the omega-3 (n-3) is significantly higher than the omega-6 PUFA. A portion of 100 g edible tissue provides 0.500 g more of the required amount of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) n-3 PUFA according to EFSA (2012). It can be concluded that the studied mussel aquaculture in the Black Sea is beneficial food for the human health and it is advisable to be part of a proper or a preventive diet of Bulgarian consumers.

scholarly journals Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: Impact on Health and Disease Status

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Samina Akbar ◽  
Muhammad Zeeshan Bhatti ◽  
Rida Fatima Saeed ◽  
Asma Saleem Qazi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Health And Disease

Over the last decades, the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been largely explored not only for their nutritional value but also for the numerous biological functions and therapeutic effects. The serum and erythrocyte levels of PUFAs depend on the genetic control of metabolism as well as the dietary intake and are considered to reflect the health and disease status of an individual. Two families of PUFAs, omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6), have gained much attention because of their involvement in the production of bioactive lipid mediators and therefore, a balanced omega-6/omega-3 ratio is crucial in maintaining the overall health of an individual. Omega-3 PUFAs, notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) have been shown to exert beneficial effects, possibly due to their lipid-lowering, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive and cardioprotective effects, whereas omega-6 fatty acids such as arachidonic acid (ARA, 20:4n-6) exhibit the opposite properties. Even though, numerous epidemiological studies and clinical interventions have clearly established the effectiveness of omega-3 PUFAs in various pathological conditions including dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, some controversies do exist about the beneficial effects of omega-3 PUFAs and need to be clarified. Larger clinical trials with extended follow-up periods are required along with a careful dose selection, in order to confirm the clinical significance and efficacy of omega-3 PUFAs as therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Effect of natural feed additives on meat quality and caecotrophic fatty acid profile of New Zealand rabbits

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Zocolara NÓIA ◽  
Andrea Maria de Araújo GABRIEL ◽  
Alexandre Rodrigo Mendes FERNANDES ◽  
Nara Regina Brandão CÔNSOLO ◽  
Claudia Andrea Lima CARDOSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6

ABSTRACT The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effects of commercial probiotic and chitosan as food additives on the quality and meat composition of 36 New Zealand White rabbits (57 ± 8 days old and 1,648 ± 0.194 kg) and on the fatty acid profile of caecotrophs. The treatments were CT (diets without inclusion of additives), PRO (inclusion of 4 g / kg of commercial probiotic) and CHI (inclusion of 4 g / kg of chitosan). The additives increased triglycerides and decreased urea compared to the control group, as well as increased oleic and linoleic acids, Ʃ unsaturated, Ʃ monounsaturated and Ʃ polyunsaturated in caecotrophs. CHI animals showed a decrease in myristic and palmitic acids compared to PRO. CHI decreased the meat's crude protein and the meat's fat. In addition, there was a decrease in omega-3, omega-6 and the relationship unsaturated and saturated fatty acids for the CHI group and an increase in erucic acid and a decrease in the rate of hypocholesterolemic acids. As a conclusion, the data showed that the animals that ingested probiotic had better meat quality, for having better fatty acid profile and hypocholesterolemic index, compared to the treatment with chitosan. The additives improved the caecotrophs fatty acid profile.

Trichodinid ciliates from fishes of the Rumanian Black Sea coast

Parasitology ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Lom
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Gasterosteus Aculeatus ◽  
Mugil Cephalus ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Separate Paper ◽  
Short Survey ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Sea Coast

Representatives of a total of twenty fish species, most of them marine, from the Black Sea coast in Rumania were investigated. Of these, ten species were found to harbour ectoparasitic trichodinids on their skin and gills. Three of them, Trichodina rectuncinata Raabe, 1959, from Gaidropsis mediterranaeus and Crenilabrus griseus, T. caspialosae (Dogiel, 1940) mihi from Alosa braschnikowi meotica and T. d. f. latispina from Gasterosteus aculeatus, were already known.Three species could be established as new ones: T. puytoraci sp.nov. from Mugil auratus, M. cephalus and M. saliens, T. raabei sp.nov. from Pleuronectes flesus and T. lepsii sp.nov. from M. auratus. They are clearly differentiated from other species.The following trichodinids were provisionally classified as forms (including one new one) of T. domerguei, thus enlarging this most complicated Trichodina species: T. domerguei, cf. latispina from Gobius syrman, T. domerguei f.n. maris-negri from Gaidropsis mediterranaeus, and T. domerguei f. partidisci from Mugil cephalus. Other populations of T. domerguei could not be properly classified because of lack of material.The description of the new species of Tripartiella which have been mentioned in the introduction, will be given in a separate paper.A short survey on marine trichodinids recorded up to the present is given.

scholarly journals Effects of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Metabolites on Haemostasis—Current Perspectives in Cardiovascular Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2394
Author(s):  
Jacek Golanski ◽  
Patrycja Szymanska ◽  
Marcin Rozalski
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Blood Platelets ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Supporting Tool ◽  
Higher Doses

The beneficial effects of long-chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (omega-3 PUFAs) in cardioprotection are widely known and generally accepted. In this literature review, we have focused on the known and postulated mechanisms of action of omega-3 PUFAs and their metabolites on various components of the haemostatic system, in particular on blood platelets and endothelium. We have also made an attempt to provide a comprehensive review of epidemiological studies with particular regard to clinical trials. Notably, the results of these studies are contradictory, and some of them failed to report the beneficial effects of taking or supplementing omega-3 PUFAs in the diet. A potential explanation, in our opinion, could be the need to use higher doses of omega-3 PUFAs and a proper ratio of omega-3 and omega-6 PUFAs. An additional problem which is difficult to solve is the use of a proper neutral placebo for interventional studies. Despite some controversies regarding the beneficial effects of supplementation of omega-3 PUFAs in cardiovascular disease, our review suggests that a promising aspect of future studies and applications is to focus on the anti-thrombotic properties of these compounds. An argument supporting this assumption is the recent use of omega-3 PUFAs as a supporting tool for the treatment of COVID-19 complications.

Effects of Dietary Omega-3 Fatty Acids (DHA/EPA) and Vitamin E on Fatty Acid Profile of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio Ovaries

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-23
Author(s):  
Osamah Salih
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Common Carp ◽  
Food Additives ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Omega 6

The current study aimed to clarify the fatty acids profile in the breeding stock ovaries of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed on two food additives. The study was carried out in the Shrimp Hatchery which belonging to the Basrah Agricultural Directorate. Three treatment groups were used, the first treatment (T1) represented as control without any food additives, the second treatment (T2) supplemented with 5 g/kg omega-3 fatty acids, and the third treatment (T3) to which vitamin E was added at a concentration of 200 mg/kg. Fishes were randomly distributed in three replicates for each treatment with six of common carp brood stock per replicate. Nine cages were used which placed in earthen pond. Feeding trail lasted from 29 Oct 2018 to 14 Mar 2019. After feeding fish for 82 days, the oil was extracted from gonads by two methods, the first one by Soxhlet apparatus and the second by Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE) method. The fatty acid profiles were analyzed using gas chromatograph by GC/MS (Gas Chromatography Mass spectrometry). Results showed that the content of fatty acids in the ovaries of treated fishes in T1, the presence of saturated and unsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, were monounsaturated fatty acid (C19H36:1) scored the highest percentage (52.55%). Fishes in T2 recorded the presence of saturated and unsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids were omega-12 (C18H34:12) recorded the highest percentage (50.02%), while T3 fishes showed the presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids from the group of omega-6 fatty acids and the unsaturated fatty acid omega-9 (C18H34:9) record the highest percentage (63.24%).In conclusion this study suggested that the content of fatty acids in fish ovaries reflects the composition of fatty acids in the diet.

scholarly journals Retina and Omega-3

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Querques ◽  
Raimondo Forte ◽  
Eric H. Souied
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Retinal Diseases ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Photoreceptor Membranes

Over the last decade, several epidemiological studies based on food frequency questionnaires suggest that omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids could have a protective role in reducing the onset and progression of retinal diseases. The retina has a high concentration of omega-3, particularly DHA, which optimizes fluidity of photoreceptor membranes, retinal integrity, and visual function. Furthermore, many studies demonstrated that DHA has a protective, for example antiapoptotic, role in the retina. From a nutritional point of view, it is known that western populations, particularly aged individuals, have a higher than optimal omega-6/omega-3 ratio and should enrich their diet with more fish consumption or have DHA supplementation. This paper underscores the potential beneficial effect of omega-3 fatty acids on retinal diseases.

scholarly journals A New Record for Occurrence ofSymphodus bailloni(Osteichthyes: Perciformes: Labridae) in the Western Black Sea Coast of Turkey

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Didem Göktürk ◽  
F. Saadet Karakulak ◽  
Nuran Ünsal ◽  
Abdullah E. Kahraman
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
New Record ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Black Sea Coast ◽  
Diagnostic Characteristics ◽  
Sea Coast

The fish speciesSymphodus bailloni(Valenciennes, 1839) reported in the present study were collected between June 2010 and June 2011 from the western Black Sea coasts which were previously not recorded from the Black Sea coast of Turkey. A total of 717 specimens ofS. bailloniwere measured, ranging between 8.9 and 15.4 cm TL. Morphometrics, meristics, and diagnostic characteristics of the species are presented.

scholarly journals The Mediterranean-style diet for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases

2006 ◽  
Vol 9 (1a) ◽  
pp. 118-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel de Lorgeril ◽  
Patricia Salen
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Cardiac Death ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Traditional Mediterranean Diet

AbstractObjectivesTo discuss present knowledge about Mediterranean diet and cardiovascular diseases.DesignReview of existing literature.Setting and ResultsEpidemiological studies as well as randomised dietary trials suggest that Mediterranean diet may be important in relation to the pathogenesis (and prevention) of CHD. For instance, a striking protective effect of an ALA-rich Mediterranean diet was reported in the Lyon Diet Heart Study with a 50 to 70% reduction of the risk of recurrence after 4 years of follow-up in CHD patients. According to our current knowledge, dietary ALA should represent about 0.6 to 1% of total daily energy or about 2 g per day in patients following a Mediterranean diet, whereas the average intake in linoleic acid should not exceed 7 g per day. Supplementation with very-long-chain omega-3 fatty acids (about 1 g per day) in patients following a Mediterranean type of diet was shown to decrease the risk of cardiac death by 30% and of sudden cardiac death by 45% in the GISSI trial.ConclusionsIn the context of a diet rich in oleic acid, poor in saturated fats and low in omega-6 fatty acids (a dietary pattern characterising the traditional Mediterranean diet), even small doses of omega-3 fatty acids (about 1 g EPA + DHA the form of fish oil capsules or 2 g α-linolenic acid in canola oil and margarine) might be very protective. These data underline the importance of the accompanying diet in any dietary strategy using fatty acid complements.

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