scholarly journals Nutritional Value and Seasonal Availability of Feed Ingredients for Pigs in Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 91-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie Carter ◽  
Catherine Dewey ◽  
Ben Lukuyu ◽  
Delia Grace ◽  
Cornelis de Lange
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Feed Ingredients ◽  
Collard Greens ◽  
Maize Bran ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Nutrient Analyses

Abstract In this study nutritional values and seasonal availability of 43 local feed ingredients for pigs in Uganda, were estimated based on nutrient analyses and literature values, information needed to develop low-cost balanced rations for pigs on smallholder farms. Parameters considered were: concentration of ash, neutral detergent fibre (NDF), crude protein (CP), calcium (Ca), phosphorous (P), ether extract (EE), total lysine (Lys), standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys, standardized total tract digestible (STTD) P (all as % of dry matter [DM]); digestible energy (DE), (kcal kg−1 of DM); and DM concentration. Concentration of DE, total Lys, SID Lys, and STTD P were estimated. Ingredient seasonal availability and relative importance were identified. Ground sun-dried fish (Rastrineobola argentea) had highest estimated DE concentration and Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) had lowest (4209 and 535 kcal kg−1 of DM, respectively). Ground sun-dried fish had highest CP and estimated total Lys concentration (59.9 and 6.7% of DM, respectively) and banana peel (Musa sapientum), had lowest (5.21 and 0.08% of DM, respectively). Milled ingredients sampled here had higher ash than in the literature (e.g. ground sun-dried fish 58.1 vs 15.9% of DM) likely indicating sand contamination. There were 3 seasons of availability of ingredients. Banana peel, maize bran, and sweet potato vine (Ipomoea batatas) were ranked highest; and commercially-prepared ration, and kale/collard greens (Brassica oleracea var. acephala), were ranked lowest as potential feed ingredients. Ingredients with nutritional profiles suitable for pigs are available but some only in certain seasons. Estimated nutritional values may assist in ration formulation.

scholarly journals Efficient Removal of Methyl Orange and Rhodamine-B Dyes with Low Cost Banana Peel Activated Carbon

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1121-1127
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar Gupta ◽  
P.K. Tandon ◽  
Neelam Shukla ◽  
Harendra Singh ◽  
Shalini Srivastava
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Methyl Orange ◽  
Rhodamine B ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Efficient Adsorbent ◽  
Solution Changes

Acid activated carbon obtained from cheap, non-toxic and locally available banana peel was used as a low cost and efficient adsorbent for the removal of dyes methyl orange and rhodamine-B from the aqueous solution. Changes in the resulting material before and after activation and after treatment were studied by different techniques, such as SEM-EDX, XRD, FTIR measurements. Effects of duration of treatment, amount of banana peel activated carbon, pH, and initial methyl orange and rhodamine-B concentration, on the removal of dye were studied to get optimum conditions for maximum dye removal. Removal efficiency of the activated ash remains almost constant in a wide range of pH from 2.5 to 5.6. In 75 min at room temperature removal of 98.5 % methyl orange (anionic) and 99.0 % rhodamine-B (cationic) dyes with 0.1 g and 0.125 g, respectively was obtained from the contaminated water having 10 ppm dye concentration.

scholarly journals Design and construction of low-cost respiration chambers for ruminal methane measurements in ruminants

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Rodolfo Canul Solis ◽  
Angel Trinidad Piñeiro Vázquez ◽  
Jeyderl Israe Arceo Castillo ◽  
José Alayón Alayón Gamboa ◽  
Armín Javier Ayala Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Methane Production ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Bos Indicus ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Air Conditioner ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
In Vivo Measurement ◽  
Design Construction

ABSTRACTRuminant animals contribute significantly to methane emissions in tropical regions. Nonetheless, there are few facilities available in those regions of the world for in vivo measurement of methane production in cattle. The aim of the present work was to describe the design, construction and operation of respiration chambers for in vivo measurement of methane production in cattle in Mexico. Locally available materials were used in the construction. Walls, roof and doors were constructed of thermic panels with two windows of acrylic at the front so the animal can be observed at all times. Chambers have an air volume of 9.97 m3. Air is drawn from the chamber at a rate of 500 L/min by the effect of mass action flow generators. Methane was measured in air samples with an infrared analyzer. Chambers operate under a slight negative pressure of around -500 Pa. Air temperature inside the chambers is kept at 23 °C with an air conditioner, while relative humidity is maintained at 55 % with a dehumidifier. Functioning of the chambers was evaluated in Bos indicus, Nelore cattle fed Taiwan grass (Pennisetum purpureum) and a concentrate (18 % crude protein), and measurements were made during runs of 23 h duration. Methane production was on average 173.2 L per day, while the emission factor was 17.48 L methane per kilogram o dry matter consumed. It concludes that this respiration facility is capable of measuring methane production accurately in cattle fed tropical rations.

scholarly journals Organoleptic, physiochemical and microbiological qualities of dried fish, tengra (Mystus tengara) with different levels of salt and turmeric powder

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Jakhar ◽  
H. K. Vardia ◽  
Neelmani Chandravanshi ◽  
Rohit Kumar Painkra ◽  
Shabir Mir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Sensory Assessment ◽  
Salted Fish ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Dried Fish ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count ◽  
Different Levels

Fresh tengra fish (Mystus tengara) samples were collected from fish market, Kawardha and different levels of salt and turmeric powder were added (0% salt and 0% turmeric powder, T0; 2% salt with 0.2% turmeric, T1; 4% salt with 0.2% turmeric, T2; 8% salt with 0% turmeric powder, T3 and 12% salt with 0% turmeric powder, T4). The processed and salted fish were dried in hot air oven at 60°C for 20 hours. Carcass yield (%), salt content (%), pH and moisture content of cured fish were respectively 39.06 - 43.87%, 3.15 - 4.59%, 6.52- 6.90 and 4.91 – 6.84 %. The sensory assessment showed that treatment T2 had the highest score for texture 5.70; appearance 8.30, odor 8.02 and taste 8.05 while T0 and T1 had least sensory scores. Aerobic plate count of various treatments were found significantly different (p Lass Than 0.05) with the lowest in treatment T4 (3.3 x 103 cfu/g) followed by treatment T2 (3.7 x 103 cfu/g) and highest in treatment T0 (5.4 x 103 cfu/g). Tengra fish cured with 4% salt and 0.2% turmeric powder (T2) found to be the best in yield, microbial load and sensory attributes. The dry salted fish processed with low level of salt and turmeric powder are best for human consumption, particularly for the patients of blood pressure and diabetes.Therefore, preparation of dried products from low-cost fish will help in increasing the employment opportunities and also reduce post-harvest losses.

scholarly journals Intoxicações por plantas diagnosticadas em ruminantes e equinos e estimativa das perdas econômicas na Paraíba

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tales S. Assis ◽  
Rosane M.T. Medeiros ◽  
Franklin Riet-Correa ◽  
Glauco J.N. Galiza ◽  
Antônio F.M. Dantas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
Prosopis Juliflora ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Nerium Oleander ◽  
Opuntia Ficus Indica ◽  
Echinochloa Polystachya ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum ◽  
Ipomoea Asarifolia ◽  
Aspidosperma Pyrifolium ◽  
Mimosa Tenuiflora

Foi realizado um levantamento dos surtos de intoxicações por plantas em ruminantes e equinos diagnosticados no Laboratório de Patologia Veterinária (LPV), do Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Campus de Patos, Paraíba, no período de 2000-2007. Em bovinos 7,4% dos diagnósticos realizados pelo LPV foram intoxicações por plantas. Foram diagnosticadas intoxicações por Centhraterum brachylepis (um surto), Brachiaria spp. (um surto), Crotalaria retusa (dois surtos), Ipomoea batatas (um surto), Marsdenia sp. (um surto), gramíneas contendo nitratos e nitritos (um surto por Echinochloa polystachya e dois surtos por Pennisetum purpureum), Palicourea aeneofusca (um surto), Prosopis juliflora (três surtos), Nerium oleander (um surto) e Mimosa tenuiflora (sete surtos). Na espécie ovina 13% dos diagnósticos foram intoxicações por plantas. Os surtos foram causados por Ipomoea asarifolia (quatro surtos), Brachiaria spp. (três surtos), Crotalaria retusa (dois surtos), Tephrosia cinerea (dois surtos), Panicum dichotomiflorum (um surto), Mascagnia rigida (um surto) e malformações associadas à ingestão de Mimosa tenuiflora (20 surtos). Nos caprinos, 6,4% dos diagnósticos corresponderam à intoxicação por plantas. Sete surtos foram causados por Mimosa tenuiflora, um por Ipomoea asarifolia, um por Ipomoea carnea, um por Ipomoea riedelli, três por Prosopis juliflora, um por Arrabidaea corallina, dois por Aspidosperma pyrifolium, dois por Turbina cordata e um por Opuntia ficus-indica. Na espécie equina 14% das doenças diagnosticadas foram devidas a intoxicações por plantas, sendo 12 surtos por Crotalaria retusa e um por Turbina cordata. As perdas na Paraíba por plantas tóxicas são estimadas em 3.895 bovinos, 8.374 ovinos, 6.390 caprinos e 366 equinos, que representam uma perda econômica anual, por morte de animais, de R$ 2.733.097,00. São relatados alguns aspectos epidemiológicos, sinais clínicos e patologia de surtos de intoxicação por Crotalaria retusa em bovinos, Brachiaria spp. em ovinos, Prosopis juliflora em bovinos e caprinos, Nerium oleander em bovinos, Opuntia ficus-indica em caprinos e Turbina cordata em equinos e caprinos.

Nutritional values for 17 subtropical grasses

1960 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Milford
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Paspalum Notatum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Cenchrus Ciliaris ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Natural Pasture

The nutritional values of 17 subtropical grasses have been compared with the use of crude protein content, crude protein digestibility, nitrogen balance, dry matter intake, and dry matter digestibility as criteria. Under the experimental conditions at the Cooper Laboratory, differences in nutritional values were obtained between individual subtropical grasses, the main differences being in digestible C.P. contents and in dry matter intakes. When mature and frost-affected grasses were fed to sheep, Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 11826) and Cenchrus ciliaris (West Australian strain) had the highest nutritional values, and were superior to Panicum maximum var. trichoglume, Cenchrus ciliaris (C.P.I. 6934), Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 2741), and Urochloa pullulans. These four were, in turn, better than Chloris gayana (commercial strain) and Paspalum commersonii. All grasses tested had higher nutritional values than mature natural pasture. All grasses which were fed to sheep at a young leafy stage of growth had high nutritional values. Those with the best performances at this stage were Paspalum plicatulum (C.P.I. 11826 and C.P.I. 2741), Panicum maximum var. trichoglume, and Paspahm commersonii. Limited data are presented on the nutritional values of Paspalum notatum (four strains), Paspalum malacophyllum, Panicum minus, Panicum coloratum, and Pennisetum purpureum.

Pasture productivity in Nigeria: II. Voluntary intake and herbage digestibility

1975 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
F. O. Olubajo
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nutritional Values ◽  
Digestible Organic Matter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voluntary Intake ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis

SUMMARYThe organic-matter intake and the digestibility of grazed tropical pasture mixtures were assessed by the chromic oxide-faecal organic matter-nitrogen technique in five digestion trials. The pasture treatments were designated as: H, Cynodon nlemfuensis var. robustus in a mixture with the legumes Centrosema pubescens and Stylosanthes gracilis; J, Pennisetum purpureum in a mixture with the two legumes in H; K, treatment J plus Panicum maximum; L, a mixture of all the grass and legume species in treatments H, J and K.The mean organic-matter digestibility of the herbages was determined in indoor digestion trials during the experimental period and varied from approximately 60·0 ± 1·73% to 62·7 ± 4·18% in treatments K and H respectively, with treatments J and L falling between these two values. The mean digestibility of the herbage as grazed, however, was approximately 66·8 ± 1·72, 69·7 ±7·68, 67·1 ± 4·40 and 67·4 ± 4·15 % for treatments, H, J, K and L respectively.The estimated mean intake of organic matter was somewhat lower, while that of the digestible organic matter was appreciably lower than those reported for animals of corresponding live weights in temperate countries. Grazed pastures were better digested by 4·1 digestibility units in treatment H, by 7·1 in both J and K, and by 5·3 units in L, compared with the indoor digestion trials.More intensive studies are still needed to warrant any justifiable conclusion as to whether the low intake of herbage by tropical cattle is due primarily to the high crude fibre and the low nutritional values of the pastures, or to the inherent capacity of the animals conditioned to grazing poor·quality pastures.

scholarly journals Nutritive Value and the Quality of Ensiled Napier Grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and Banana (Musa acuminata) Peelings

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Sangle Y Randa ◽  
Marlyn N Lekitoo ◽  
Deny A Iyai ◽  
Freddy Pattiselanno
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Napier Grass ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Animal Nutrition ◽  
Light Yellow ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum Schum ◽  
Research Institute

This paper aimed to evaluate the nutritive value and the quality of ensiled Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum Schum) and banana (Musa acuminate) peelings.  Different levels of banana peeling and Napier grass were used in this study.  The levels of Napier grass and banana peeling compared as treatments with four replications were as follows: 100% Napier Grass (NG), 75% (NG) + 25% Banana Peeling (BP), 50%NG + 50%BP, 25%NG + 75% BP and 100%BP. Napier grass and banana peeling were mixed based on the percentage combination as treatments, weighed and placed into empty jam bottle with weights ranging from 64.4 grams to 509.2 grams as a simulated laboratory silo. Samples were stored in eight weeks at the Dairy Training Research Institute. Proximate analyses were done at Animal Nutrition Laboratory Institute of Animal Science while ADF, NDF, IVDMD, and IVOMD were done at the Animal Nutrition Division Laboratory at Dairy Training and Research Institute, UP Los Baños. Physically, the color of silage were light yellow with a  little greenish color for 100% napier grass, light to moderately yellow for the  three combinations of napier and banana peel and  yellow for 100% banana peel. Texture ranged from dry and coarse for napier grass, relatively dry for the combinations and moderately wet for the banana peel. The napier grass had a slightly acidic smell, the combinations had slightly sweet, acidic smell while the 100% banana peel had a sweeter, acidic smell.  Likewise, pH before ensiling had ranged from 5.7 (25%NG + 75%BP) to 7.5 ( 100% BP) while after  ensiling the pH changed from 4.575  ( 100% napier grass) to 5.75 ( 100% banana peel ). There were significant differences on DM, Moisture, CP, EE, CF, and Ash before ensiling. Similar trend was observed after ensiling except the ash content of all the treatments. ADF and NDF did not show significant variations in all treatments. IVDMD and IVOMD before ensiling varied significantly, but after ensiling only IVDMD of the treatments differed significantly. In terms of physical attributes, nutritive value and digestibility, banana peel can be used as silage material. All treatments generated comparable acceptability when fed to the animal.  It is suggested that further study, specifically in vivo trial, will be conducted to validate the feeding and nutritional value of banana peel as alternative silage for ruminants.

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