scholarly journals Digital Twin conceptual framework for improving critical infrastructure resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1062-1080
Author(s):  
Eva Brucherseifer ◽  
Hanno Winter ◽  
Andrea Mentges ◽  
Max Mühlhäuser ◽  
Martin Hellmann
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
Resilience Capabilities

Abstract Critical infrastructures are the backbone of our societies with increasingly complex and networked characteristics and high availability demands. This makes them vulnerable to a wide range of threats that can lead to major incidents. Resilience is a concept that describes a system’s ability to absorb and respond to disturbances, as well as to learn from the past and anticipate new threats. In this article, we apply the Digital Twin concept to the infrastructure domain to improve the system’s resilience capabilities. We conduct a comprehensive requirements analysis related to infrastructure characteristics, crisis management and resilience measures. As a result, we propose a Digital Twin Conceptual Framework for critical infrastructures. We conclude that the Digital Twin paradigm is well suited to enhance critical infrastructure resilience.

scholarly journals Toolkit for resilience assessment of critical infrastructures to earthquake induced soil liquefaction disasters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariantonietta Morga ◽  
Keith Jones
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
Operational Capacity

<p>The critical infrastructure resilience depends on several factors that go beyond the physical reliability and capacity to repair the system after a disruption. The overall critical infrastructure resilience includes aspects related to the social and economic backbone governing its capacity to deliver its service. This contribution presents a theoretical toolkit to calculate the overall resilience of critical infrastructures developed within the European project LIQUEFACT for earthquake- induced soil liquefaction disasters. The toolkit combine several aspects organized in three dimensions: organizational and management, the physical or technical system and operational capacity to deliver the service. The toolkit clearly defines also resilience aspects, such as preparedness, absorption, recovery and adaptation. For each dimension and aspect of the resilience several indicators are developed. A critical and technical explanation of each indicator is here proposed, as well a systematic methodology to combine them in the resilience toolkit. The novelty of this study is the systematic analysis of dimensions, aspects and indicators that made the proposed resilience toolkit original. The study is concluded with analyses of feasibility of the toolkit to natural disasters and applicability to localized disasters, such as earthquake-induced soil liquefaction events. Finally, the key factors of toolkit influencing a built asset model of critical infrastructures are identified.</p>

scholarly journals Methodological foundations of security management information support of regional critical infrastructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5-2021) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Putilov ◽  
◽  
Andrey V. Masloboev ◽  
Vitaliy V. Bystrov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
Security Network

The unified methodological basis of information and analytical support of socio-economic security network-centric control in the region is proposed. The problem of regional security support is discussed at the level of risk-management of critical infrastructure resilience violation of the socio-economic systems. The methodology and tools for its implementation are aimed to information and analytical support of situational centers functioning in the region.

scholarly journals Business Continuity for Critical Infrastructure Operators

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Ruoslahti
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience

Critical infrastructures often lack resilience and easily lose critical functionalities if hit by adverse events. Continuity management strategies for critical infrastructure operators and the networks that they form, rely also on the functionality of other interrelated networks. Disruptions in operations may affect society and for this reason, securing the operations of critical infrastructure operators is important. The technological impacts of CPS become evident to the resilience of all fields of critical infrastructure, but there is also human elements to take into account. The research question of this study is: How to enhance business continuity of critical infrastructure? This case study research uses qualitative methods collected by conducting interviews of resilience and continuity professionals who work with Finnish critical infrastructure. Resilience and continuity management are key for critical infrastructure operators. Important factors identified were identifying risks, critical activities, key personnel, creating guidelines and procedures, and open communication, which themes were recognised as important to improve resilience and manage continuity.

scholarly journals Assessment of Terrorism Risk to Critical Infrastructures: The Case of a Power-Supply Substation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (20) ◽  
pp. 7162
Author(s):  
Xijun Yao ◽  
Hsi-Hsien Wei ◽  
Igal M. Shohet ◽  
Miroslaw J. Skibniewski
Keyword(s):  
Power Supply ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Infrastructure Protection ◽  
Terrorism Risk ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Protection Strategies ◽  
Protective Strategies

This paper presents a novel approach for estimating the vulnerability level of critical infrastructure confronting potential terrorist threats and assessing the usefulness of various protection strategies for critical infrastructure (CI). A methodology, utilizing a combination of topological network analysis and game theory, is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of protection strategies for certain components in the infrastructure under various attack scenarios. This paper focuses on protective strategies that are based on different attack scenarios as well as on the connectivity of the critical infrastructure components. The methodology proposed allows optimization of protection strategies in terms of investment in critical infrastructure protection in order to reduce expenditures on local infrastructure protection or on a single critical infrastructure for small projects. A case study of a power-supply substation is included to validate the analytical framework. The results indicate that the framework is highly applicable to other types of critical infrastructures facing similar threats. The results suggest that when only terrorist attacks are considered, improving the robustness of CI has a much higher effectiveness and efficiency than improving CI redundancy. The research methodology in this paper can be applied to a wide range of critical infrastructures and systems that may be at risk from manmade extreme events.

scholarly journals The role of Bulgarian institutions in the maritime critical infrastructure resilience

2019 ◽  
Vol XXII (1) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Dimitrov N.
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Private Actors

The author considers the maritime critical infrastructures resilience as a government responsibility for protection and service continuation and is carried out by the joint efforts of infrastructures operators, state and local institutions, and private actors shaped in a complex system. He gives reasons for the exactly type of the system based on local character of incidents and having common management and separated responsibilities.

Optical Properties of HVEM Accelerators

1975 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 180-181
Author(s):  
A. Strojnik ◽  
J.W. Scholl ◽  
V. Bevc
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Electron Accelerator ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Electron Source ◽  
High Brightness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Optical Behavior

The electron accelerator, as inserted between the electron source (injector) and the imaging column of the HVEM, is usually a strong lens and should be optimized in order to ensure high brightness over a wide range of accelerating voltages and illuminating conditions. This is especially true in the case of the STEM where the brightness directly determines the highest resolution attainable. In the past, the optical behavior of accelerators was usually determined for a particular configuration. During the development of the accelerator for the Arizona 1 MEV STEM, systematic investigation was made of the major optical properties for a variety of electrode configurations, number of stages N, accelerating voltages, 1 and 10 MEV, and a range of injection voltages ϕ0 = 1, 3, 10, 30, 100, 300 kV).

Pursuit of the Abscopal Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 369-372
Author(s):  
Paul B. Romesser ◽  
Christopher H. Crane
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Immunology ◽  
Antitumor Immunity ◽  
Clinical Success ◽  
Immune Recognition ◽  
Immune Modulators ◽  
Cancer Subtypes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tumor Irradiation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tumor Recognition

AbstractEvasion of immune recognition is a hallmark of cancer that facilitates tumorigenesis, maintenance, and progression. Systemic immune activation can incite tumor recognition and stimulate potent antitumor responses. While the concept of antitumor immunity is not new, there is renewed interest in tumor immunology given the clinical success of immune modulators in a wide range of cancer subtypes over the past decade. One particularly interesting, yet exceedingly rare phenomenon, is the abscopal response, characterized by a potent systemic antitumor response following localized tumor irradiation presumably attributed to reactivation of antitumor immunity.

The Many Pasts of Detective Fiction

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-172
Author(s):  
Thomas Leitch
Keyword(s):  
Detective Fiction ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Public History ◽  
Detective Novel ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Detective Story ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Detective Novels ◽  
The Many

Building on Tzvetan Todorov's observation that the detective novel ‘contains not one but two stories: the story of the crime and the story of the investigation’, this essay argues that detective novels display a remarkably wide range of attitudes toward the several pasts they represent: the pasts of the crime, the community, the criminal, the detective, and public history. It traces a series of defining shifts in these attitudes through the evolution of five distinct subgenres of detective fiction: exploits of a Great Detective like Sherlock Holmes, Golden Age whodunits that pose as intellectual puzzles to be solved, hardboiled stories that invoke a distant past that the present both breaks with and echoes, police procedurals that unfold in an indefinitely extended present, and historical mysteries that nostalgically fetishize the past. It concludes with a brief consideration of genre readers’ own ambivalent phenomenological investment in the past, present, and future each detective story projects.

Nine Centuries of Man

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Gender Expectations ◽  
Court Records ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Police Reports ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Scottish History ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

What did it mean to be a man in Scotland over the past nine centuries? Scotland, with its stereotypes of the kilted warrior and the industrial ‘hard man’, has long been characterised in masculine terms, but there has been little historical exploration of masculinity in a wider context. This interdisciplinary collection examines a diverse range of the multiple and changing forms of masculinities from the late eleventh to the late twentieth century, exploring the ways in which Scottish society through the ages defined expectations for men and their behaviour. How men reacted to those expectations is examined through sources such as documentary materials, medieval seals, romances, poetry, begging letters, police reports and court records, charity records, oral histories and personal correspondence. Focusing upon the wide range of activities and roles undertaken by men – work, fatherhood and play, violence and war, sex and commerce – the book also illustrates the range of masculinities that affected or were internalised by men. Together, the chapters illustrate some of the ways Scotland’s gender expectations have changed over the centuries and how, more generally, masculinities have informed the path of Scottish history

Free but fragile: Human relations amidst poverty and HIV in democratic South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-94
Author(s):  
Christina Landman
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Predominantly White ◽  
Black People ◽  
Hiv Treatment ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
White People ◽  
Black And White ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Black Township

Dullstroom-Emnotweni is the highest town in South Africa. Cold and misty, it is situated in the eastern Highveld, halfway between the capital Pretoria/Tswane and the Mozambique border. Alongside the main road of the white town, 27 restaurants provide entertainment to tourists on their way to Mozambique or the Kruger National Park. The inhabitants of the black township, Sakhelwe, are remnants of the Southern Ndebele who have lost their land a century ago in wars against the whites. They are mainly dependent on employment as cleaners and waitresses in the still predominantly white town. Three white people from the white town and three black people from the township have been interviewed on their views whether democracy has brought changes to this society during the past 20 years. Answers cover a wide range of views. Gratitude is expressed that women are now safer and HIV treatment available. However, unemployment and poverty persist in a community that nevertheless shows resilience and feeds on hope. While the first part of this article relates the interviews, the final part identifies from them the discourses that keep the black and white communities from forming a group identity that is based on equality and human dignity as the values of democracy.

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