scholarly journals The role of Bulgarian institutions in the maritime critical infrastructure resilience

2019 ◽  
Vol XXII (1) ◽  
pp. 343-350
Author(s):  
Dimitrov N.
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Local Institutions ◽  
Government Responsibility ◽  
Local Character ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Private Actors

The author considers the maritime critical infrastructures resilience as a government responsibility for protection and service continuation and is carried out by the joint efforts of infrastructures operators, state and local institutions, and private actors shaped in a complex system. He gives reasons for the exactly type of the system based on local character of incidents and having common management and separated responsibilities.

scholarly journals Toolkit for resilience assessment of critical infrastructures to earthquake induced soil liquefaction disasters

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariantonietta Morga ◽  
Keith Jones
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Systematic Methodology ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
Operational Capacity

<p>The critical infrastructure resilience depends on several factors that go beyond the physical reliability and capacity to repair the system after a disruption. The overall critical infrastructure resilience includes aspects related to the social and economic backbone governing its capacity to deliver its service. This contribution presents a theoretical toolkit to calculate the overall resilience of critical infrastructures developed within the European project LIQUEFACT for earthquake- induced soil liquefaction disasters. The toolkit combine several aspects organized in three dimensions: organizational and management, the physical or technical system and operational capacity to deliver the service. The toolkit clearly defines also resilience aspects, such as preparedness, absorption, recovery and adaptation. For each dimension and aspect of the resilience several indicators are developed. A critical and technical explanation of each indicator is here proposed, as well a systematic methodology to combine them in the resilience toolkit. The novelty of this study is the systematic analysis of dimensions, aspects and indicators that made the proposed resilience toolkit original. The study is concluded with analyses of feasibility of the toolkit to natural disasters and applicability to localized disasters, such as earthquake-induced soil liquefaction events. Finally, the key factors of toolkit influencing a built asset model of critical infrastructures are identified.</p>

scholarly journals Methodological foundations of security management information support of regional critical infrastructures

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5-2021) ◽  
pp. 157-160
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Putilov ◽  
◽  
Andrey V. Masloboev ◽  
Vitaliy V. Bystrov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Information Support ◽  
Regional Security ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Management Information ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
Security Network

The unified methodological basis of information and analytical support of socio-economic security network-centric control in the region is proposed. The problem of regional security support is discussed at the level of risk-management of critical infrastructure resilience violation of the socio-economic systems. The methodology and tools for its implementation are aimed to information and analytical support of situational centers functioning in the region.

scholarly journals Business Continuity for Critical Infrastructure Operators

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Ruoslahti
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Business Continuity ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience

Critical infrastructures often lack resilience and easily lose critical functionalities if hit by adverse events. Continuity management strategies for critical infrastructure operators and the networks that they form, rely also on the functionality of other interrelated networks. Disruptions in operations may affect society and for this reason, securing the operations of critical infrastructure operators is important. The technological impacts of CPS become evident to the resilience of all fields of critical infrastructure, but there is also human elements to take into account. The research question of this study is: How to enhance business continuity of critical infrastructure? This case study research uses qualitative methods collected by conducting interviews of resilience and continuity professionals who work with Finnish critical infrastructure. Resilience and continuity management are key for critical infrastructure operators. Important factors identified were identifying risks, critical activities, key personnel, creating guidelines and procedures, and open communication, which themes were recognised as important to improve resilience and manage continuity.

scholarly journals Digital Twin conceptual framework for improving critical infrastructure resilience

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 1062-1080
Author(s):  
Eva Brucherseifer ◽  
Hanno Winter ◽  
Andrea Mentges ◽  
Max Mühlhäuser ◽  
Martin Hellmann
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Digital Twin ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Major Incidents ◽  
Infrastructure Resilience ◽  
Resilience Capabilities

Abstract Critical infrastructures are the backbone of our societies with increasingly complex and networked characteristics and high availability demands. This makes them vulnerable to a wide range of threats that can lead to major incidents. Resilience is a concept that describes a system’s ability to absorb and respond to disturbances, as well as to learn from the past and anticipate new threats. In this article, we apply the Digital Twin concept to the infrastructure domain to improve the system’s resilience capabilities. We conduct a comprehensive requirements analysis related to infrastructure characteristics, crisis management and resilience measures. As a result, we propose a Digital Twin Conceptual Framework for critical infrastructures. We conclude that the Digital Twin paradigm is well suited to enhance critical infrastructure resilience.

A migration industry for skilled migrants: the case of relocation services

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Tissot
Keyword(s):  
International Schools ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Meso Level ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Migration Industry

The aim of this article is to clarify the role of the organisations that support skilled migrants after a relocation, using the analytical concept of migration industry. The concept is used as a tool to explore the gap between the macro and the micro levels and by that stresses the crucial meso-level when it comes to conceptualizing (skilled) migration. I use 30 semi-directive interviews with skilled migrants and six interviews with key informants in the migration industry as a basis for the analysis, leading me to distinguish three main services at the heart of this industry. Each service is covered by distinct private actors: the basic needs of the family by relocation offices, the education of the children by international schools, and the careers of the partner by outplacement agencies.

Rethinking Private Authority

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica F. Green
Keyword(s):  
Green Building ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Multilateral Environmental Agreements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Delegation Of Authority ◽  
Private Authority ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Treaty Implementation

This book examines the role of nonstate actors in global environmental politics, arguing that a fuller understanding of their role requires a new way of conceptualizing private authority. It identifies two distinct forms of private authority—one in which states delegate authority to private actors, and another in which entrepreneurial actors generate their own rules, persuading others to adopt them. Drawing on a wealth of empirical evidence spanning a century of environmental rule making, the book shows how the delegation of authority to private actors has played a small but consistent role in multilateral environmental agreements over the past fifty years, largely in the area of treaty implementation. This contrasts with entrepreneurial authority, where most private environmental rules have been created in the past two decades. The book traces how this dynamic and fast-growing form of private authority is becoming increasingly common in areas ranging from organic food to green building practices to sustainable tourism. It persuasively argues that the configuration of state preferences and the existing institutional landscape are paramount to explaining why private authority emerges and assumes the form that it does. In-depth cases on climate change provide evidence for the book's arguments. The book demonstrates that authority in world politics is diffused across multiple levels and diverse actors, and it offers a more complete picture of how private actors are helping to shape our response to today's most pressing environmental problems.

Effectiveness of Tax Policy of Ukraine: Evidence and Economy Implications

2020 ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Olena P. Slavkova ◽  
Oksana I Zhilinska ◽  
Maksym Palienko
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
The State ◽  
State Budget ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
State Tax ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Tax Payments

The article deals with the peculiarities of the formation and implementation of tax policy in the country. The analysis of change of tax receipts to the state and local budgets is carried out. The role of tax payments in the economic development of the country is determined. The efficiency of the state tax policy in Ukraine is analyzed, its advantages and disadvantages are determined. The important role of tax payments in stimulating economic and social development is substantiated. The analysis of the elasticity of change of indicators of economic development of the country from the change of volume of tax receipts to the budget is carried out. The necessity of improving the existing policy of establishing, accrual, payment, and distribution of tax revenues as one of the most promising areas to stimulate economic growth is concluded. Keywords: tax policy, revenues, tax evasion, state budget, elasticity, economic development

scholarly journals Attack Categorisation for IoT Applications in Critical Infrastructures, a Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (16) ◽  
pp. 7228
Author(s):  
Edward Staddon ◽  
Valeria Loscri ◽  
Nathalie Mitton
Keyword(s):  
Critical Infrastructure ◽  
Attack Detection ◽  
Critical Infrastructures ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Specific System ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
War Zone ◽  
Clear Vision ◽  
The Internet Of Things ◽  
Do So

With the ever advancing expansion of the Internet of Things (IoT) into our everyday lives, the number of attack possibilities increases. Furthermore, with the incorporation of the IoT into Critical Infrastructure (CI) hardware and applications, the protection of not only the systems but the citizens themselves has become paramount. To do so, specialists must be able to gain a foothold in the ongoing cyber attack war-zone. By organising the various attacks against their systems, these specialists can not only gain a quick overview of what they might expect but also gain knowledge into the specifications of the attacks based on the categorisation method used. This paper presents a glimpse into the area of IoT Critical Infrastructure security as well as an overview and analysis of attack categorisation methodologies in the context of wireless IoT-based Critical Infrastructure applications. We believe this can be a guide to aid further researchers in their choice of adapted categorisation approaches. Indeed, adapting appropriated categorisation leads to a quicker attack detection, identification, and recovery. It is, thus, paramount to have a clear vision of the threat landscapes of a specific system.

Industrial Policy and Local Economic Transformation: Evidence From the U.S. Rust Belt

2021 ◽  
pp. 089124242110228
Author(s):  
Ben Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Local Economy ◽  
Rust Belt ◽  
Industrial Policies ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
State And Local

State and local governments frequently invest in policies aimed at stimulating the growth of new industries, but studies of industrial policy and related economic development initiatives cast doubt on their effectiveness. This article examines the role of state-level industrial policies in contributing to the different economic trajectories of two U.S. metro areas—Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and Cleveland, Ohio—as they adapted to the decline of their legacy industries. Comparative case studies show that industrial policies in Pittsburgh, which empowered research universities as local economic leaders, contributed to the transformation of the local economy. In Cleveland, by contrast, state industrial policies invested in making incremental improvements, particularly in legacy sectors. The article concludes that by empowering new local economic actors—such as universities—industrial policies can foment political change that enables structural economic change to follow.

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