Environmental policy and economic growth: the macroeconomic implications of the health effect

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhy-hwa Chen ◽  
Jhy-yuan Shieh ◽  
Juin-jen Chang
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Emission Taxation ◽  
Optimizing Model ◽  
Macroeconomic Implications

AbstractThis paper introduces health effects in an endogenous growth model with environmental concerns. To highlight the importance of health effects, we examine the time allocation of households in regard to leisure, labor, and health care, which play a crucial role in affecting the impacts of public abatement and emission taxation. We not only show that the health effect modifies the conventional consequences of environmental policy, but also thoroughly compare the effectiveness of these two distinct environmental policies. We also conduct transition and welfare analyses in a dynamic optimizing model which offers novel policy implications, given that the literature on health effects is silent on these issues.

Heat exposure and workers’ health: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhyeong Lee ◽  
Yong Ho Lee ◽  
Won-Jun Choi ◽  
Seunghon Ham ◽  
Seong-Kyu Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Reproductive System ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Urinary System ◽  
Psychological System ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Objectives Several studies on the health effects of heat exposure on workers have been reported; however, only few studies have summarized the overall and systematic health effects of heat exposure on workers. This study aims to review the scientific reports on the health status of workers exposed to high temperatures in the workplace. Methods We reviewed literature from databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to identify studies that address health effects of heat exposure among workers. Results In total, 459 articles were identified, and finally, 47 articles were selected. Various health effects of heat exposure on workers have been reported, such as heat-related diseases, deaths, accidents or injuries, effects on the urinary system, reproductive system, and on the psychological system. Conclusions Our review suggests that many workers are vulnerable to heat exposure, and this has a health effect on workers.

scholarly journals Health Education; The Comparison Between With Leaflet and Video Using Local Language In Improving Teenager’s Knowledge of Adverse Health Effect of Smoking

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdullah ◽  
Andan Firmansyah ◽  
Asri Aprilia Rohman ◽  
Nurisriani Najamuddin ◽  
Rahmayanti Puang Kuma
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Adverse Health Effect ◽  
Local Language ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Adverse Health ◽  
The People

Smoking is a usual activity that we always find in our society, although most of the people know the danger of it, the habit of smoking still can be found in a big amount in our society, especially in the teenage area, whose stand in the biggest amount of smoker in Indonesia in this present. Health education changes attitude of young generation through knowledge, which is influence by several elements, such as delivered information, manner or props used, and language. The purpose of this research was to identify the comparison of leaflets and videos using local language to improve knowledge of the adverse health effects of smoking in the teenager. This research used the Quasi Experiment design with Pretest and Posttest Two Group of 120 respondents. The questionnaire used to examine the knowledge of respondents. The result using the Wilcoxon test showed that leaflet and video with local language are equally effective to increase knowledge of respondents of the health effects of smoking(p= -0.000), mean score after intervention by using the local language leaflet is 1.98, and mean score by using local language video is 2.32. So, local video is more effective to improve the knowledge of teenagers about the danger of smoking than the use of local language leaflets.

scholarly journals Health Effects Associated With Electronic Cigarette Use: Automated Mining of Online Forums (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
My Hua ◽  
Shouq Sadah ◽  
Vagelis Hristidis ◽  
Prue Talbot
Keyword(s):  
Health Effects ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Online Information ◽  
Online Forums ◽  
Unified Medical Language System ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Negative Sentiment ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Medical Concepts

BACKGROUND Our previous infodemiological study was performed by manually mining health-effect data associated with electronic cigarettes (ECs) from online forums. Manual mining is time consuming and limits the number of posts that can be retrieved. OBJECTIVE Our goal in this study was to automatically extract and analyze a large number (>41,000) of online forum posts related to the health effects associated with EC use between 2008 and 2015. METHODS Data were annotated with medical concepts from the Unified Medical Language System using a modified version of the MetaMap tool. Of over 1.4 million posts, 41,216 were used to analyze symptoms (undiagnosed conditions) and disorders (physician-diagnosed terminology) associated with EC use. For each post, sentiment (positive, negative, and neutral) was also assigned. RESULTS Symptom and disorder data were categorized into 12 organ systems or anatomical regions. Most posts on symptoms and disorders contained negative sentiment, and affected systems were similar across all years. Health effects were reported most often in the neurological, mouth and throat, and respiratory systems. The most frequently reported symptoms and disorders were headache (n=939), coughing (n=852), malaise (n=468), asthma (n=916), dehydration (n=803), and pharyngitis (n=565). In addition, users often reported linked symptoms (eg, coughing and headache). CONCLUSIONS Online forums are a valuable repository of data that can be used to identify positive and negative health effects associated with EC use. By automating extraction of online information, we obtained more data than in our prior study, identified new symptoms and disorders associated with EC use, determined which systems are most frequently adversely affected, identified specific symptoms and disorders most commonly reported, and tracked health effects over 7 years.

The impact of Sahara dust on air quality and public health in European countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoqiao Wang ◽  
Jianwei Gu ◽  
Xurong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Aerosol Optical Depth ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Population Attributable Fraction ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Sahara Dust

<p>The frequent transport of Sahara dust toward Europe degrades the air quality and poses risk to human health. In this study we use GEOS-Chem (a global transport model) to examine the impact of Sahara dust on air quality and the consequent health effect in Europe for the year 2016–2017. The simualtion is conducted in a nested model with the native resolution of 0.25° × 0.3125° (Latitude × Logitude) over Europe (32.75°N–61.25°N, 15°W–40°E). The simulation on a global scale with a coarse horizontal resolution of 2° × 2.5° is also conducted to provide the boundary condition for the nested-grid simulation as well as aerosol optical depth (AOD) over the Sahara desert for model evaluation.</p><p>The model performance is evaluated by comparisons with surface observations including aerosol optical depth (AOD) from AERONET, and PM<sub>2.5</sub> and PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations from numerous air quality monitoring stations in European countries. Overall, the model well reproduces observed surface PM concentrations over most European countries with some underestimation in southern Europe. In addition, model AOD is highly correlated with AERONET data over both Sahara and European region.</p><p>The spatial distribution of dust concentrations, frequency of dust episodes, as well as the exposure and health effects are studied. The concentrations of Sahara dust decrease from 5–20 μg m<sup>-3</sup> in south to 0.5–1.0 μg m<sup>-3</sup> in north of Europe. Spain and Italy are most heavily influenced by Sahara dust in terms of both concentration levels and frequencies of occurrence. Strong dust episodes (>50 μg m<sup>-3</sup>) occur predominately in Southern Spain and Italy with frequency of 2–5%, while light dust episodes (>1 μg m<sup>-3</sup>) are often detected (5–30%) in Central and Western Europe.</p><p>The population-weighted dust concentrations are higher in Southern European countries (3.3–7.9 μg m<sup>-3</sup>) and lower in Western European countries (0.5–0.6 μg m<sup>-3</sup>). The health effects of exposure to dust is evaluated based on population attributable fraction (PAF). We use the relative risk (RR) value of 1.04 (95% confidence intervals: 1.00 – 1.09) per 10 µg m<sup>-3 </sup>of dust exposure based on the main model of Beelen et al. (2014). We estimate a total of 41884 (95% CI: 2110–81658) deaths per year attributed to the exposure to dust in the 13 European countries studied. Due to high contribution to PM<sub>10</sub> in Spain, Italy and Portugal, dust accounts for 44%, 27% and 22% of the total number of deaths linked to PM<sub>10</sub> exposure, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals THE FALLACY OF FISCAL DISCIPLINE

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Canofari ◽  
Alessandro Piergallini ◽  
Giovanni Piersanti
Keyword(s):  
Interest Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Real Interest Rate ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Flow Variable ◽  
Fiscal Discipline ◽  
Transversality Conditions ◽  
Sustainability Index ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
Debt Policy

Fiscal discipline is commonly evaluated on the basis of the debt–gross domestic product ratio, which exhibits a stock variable measured relative to a flow variable. This way of monitoring debt solvency is arguably not consistent with transversality conditions obtained from optimizing macroeconomic frameworks. In this paper, we consider a wealth-based sustainability index of government debt policy derived from a baseline endogenous growth model. We calculate the index from 1999 onward for countries in which the after-growth real interest rate is positive, consistently with the theoretical setup. Results are radically different from common wisdom. We show that the fiscal position is sustainable for both Germany and Italy, and strongly unsustainable for both Japan and France. Policy implications of our findings are discussed.

Servicization with skill premium in the digital economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Chul Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Endogenous Growth ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Digital Economy ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Skill Premium ◽  
Service Economy ◽  
Factor Productivity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Endogenous Growth Model ◽  
State Path

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine an endogenous growth model, as a component of a broader study of servicization with skill premium and its policy implications in the evolving digital economy. Design/methodology/approach This paper develops a two-sector endogenous growth model which allows for the observed characteristics of digitally empowered structural changes. Specifically, the driving force of economic growth is the expanding variety of intermediate services as a consequence of innovation in services. The introduction of new intermediate services specifically contributes to total factor productivity in the production of service sector, and thus an uneven growth path with skill premium toward a service economy generally exists. Findings The principal finding of this paper is that the digitally empowered expanding variety of intermediate services due to innovation contributes significantly to total factor productivity in the production of service sector, and thus a servicization with skill premium generally exists along a steady-state path. In addition, this paper derives an optimal innovation policy to rule out the market failures due to innovation externality and market power in monopolistic competition conditions, and shows the Rybczynski effects of exogenous endowment changes in the evolving digital economy. Originality/value The principal contribution of this paper is to determine how unbalanced endogenous growth along a steady-state path is linked with a service economy with skill premium in the evolving digital economy. In addition to this analysis, this paper provides policy implications – namely, that a positive but finite innovation subsidy can achieve the social optimum in the digital economy, and that an exogenous increase in high-skilled labor can speed up a digitally empowered economic growth.

scholarly journals Aerosol exposure versus aerosol cooling of climate: what is the optimal emission reduction strategy for human health?

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 9441-9449 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Löndahl ◽  
E. Swietlicki ◽  
E. Lindgren ◽  
S. Loft
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Effect ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
Cooling Effect ◽  
Short Time Scale ◽  
Ship Emissions ◽  
Aerosol Emissions

Abstract. Particles, climate change, and health have thought-provoking interactions. Air pollution is one of the largest environmental problems concerning human health. On the other hand, aerosol particles can have a cooling effect on climate and a reduction of those emissions may result in an increased temperature globally, which in turn may have negative health effects. The objective of this work was to investigate the "total health effects" of aerosol emissions, which include both exposure to particles and consequences for climate change initiated by particles. As a case study the "total health effect" from ship emissions was derived by subtracting the number of deaths caused by exposure with the estimated number of lives saved from the cooling effect of the emissions. The analysis showed that, with current level of scientific understanding, it could not be determined whether ship emissions are negative or positive for human health on a short time scale. This first attempt to approximate the combined effect of particle emissions on health shows that reductions of particulate air pollution will in some cases (black carbon) have win-win effects on health and climate, but sometimes also cause a shift from particle exposure-related health effects towards an increasing risk of health consequences from climate change. Thus, measures to reduce aerosol emissions have to be coupled with climate change mitigation actions to achieve a full health benefit on a global level.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document