Determinants of women’s willingness to continue fitness training in spite of health risks

Summary Study aim: the aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between willingness to continue training in spite of health risks and the following variables: age, body parameters and selected elements of body image as well as duration, amount and intensity of training sessions. Material and methods: the study’s participants were 140 women aged 18 to 35 years who had been training at a fitness club for between 1 and 15 years. The following tools were used: Figure Rating Scale, a modified Body Satisfaction Scale, and a questionnaire to investigate actual and ideal body parameters, motivation to begin training and training parameters. Results: women who were willing to discontinue fitness training due to potential health risks exercised less often and engaged in shorter training sessions with less intensity. They were also more dissatisfied with their motor fitness. Higher readiness to continue training can be expected from women with more training experience, who are motivated by a need to improve their appearance, who are more satisfied with their motor fitness and who have a lower ideal BMI. Conclusions: the results of the study suggest that women who complete greater amounts of exercise and are more motivated to train for aesthetic reasons rather than for reasons related to fitness are more prone to obligatory exercise.

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Correlates of Body Image in Polish Weight Trainers

Human Movement ◽

10.1515/humo-2015-0031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Monika Guszkowska ◽

Tomasz Maziarczyk

Keyword(s):

Body Image ◽

Resistance Training ◽

Body Satisfaction ◽

Rating Scale ◽

The Body ◽

Training Experience ◽

Satisfaction Scale ◽

Adult Men ◽

Figure Rating Scale ◽

Ideal Body

AbstractPurpose. The purpose of this study was to determine body image and body satisfaction in Polish adult men involved in resistance training and to investigate their relationships with objective anthropometric and training characteristics. Methods. The study included 176 males aged 18-31 years with 1-14 years resistance training experience. The Figure Rating Scale, Body Satisfaction Scale and a self-designed questionnaire were administered. Results. Approximately 62% of the participants would like to be more muscular, only 29% accepted their appearance and 9% would like to be less muscular. The body selected as the personal ideal (M = 5.34) was less muscular than the body considered by the participants to be ideal by other men (normative body; M = 6.07) and was more muscular than the body thought to be most attractive to women (M = 5.10). Actual and ideal body muscularity correlated positively with age and body mass, height and BMI. Dissatisfaction with trunk and motor characteristics correlated positively with ideal body and the body considered most attractive to women as well as with the discrepancy indices between the above factors and the actual body. Conclusions. Men regularly involved in resistance training were found to strive for a muscular physique. The normative body, the physique believed to be desired by other men, was more muscular than what was considered preferential to women. However, the latter constitutes a stronger determinant of the level of body satisfaction in men engaged in resistance training.

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Perceptions of the Body and Body Dissatisfaction in Primary Education Children According to Gender and Age. A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph182312460 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 12460

Author(s):

Rubén Navarro-Patón ◽

Marcos Mecías-Calvo ◽

Silvia Pueyo Villa ◽

Vanessa Anaya ◽

Mariacarla Martí-González ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Education ◽

Body Satisfaction ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

The Body ◽

Education Students ◽

Body Perception ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Figure Rating Scale ◽

Gender And Age

Body image (BI) is a trending topic of study since health problems derived from a negative perception of the body are increasing and affecting people of all ages, with an increasing incidence among children from the age of eight. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current perception of the body against the desired body and the degree of body satisfaction of Galician primary education students. A total of 355 students (167 boys (47%)) between 9 and 12 years old participated (mean = 10.53; SD = 0.84). Sociodemographic data (sex, age, height, and weight) were collected, and the Figure Rating Scale was used. There are statistically significant differences between boys and girls in the current perceived figure (p = 0.003) and in the desired figure (p < 0.001). Depending on age, the differences were in current (p = 0.010) and desired (p = 0.021) body perception. In conclusion, boys perceive themselves as having a larger figure than girls do, but this perception is far from reality according to the body mass index. For the desired figure, both boys and girls want to be slimmer, but girls want a slimmer figure. Regarding age, the current perceived figure size increases with age as it increases in those students dissatisfied with their body.

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Development and Validation of a BMI-Based Figure Rating Scale for Chinese Adolescents

Evaluation & the Health Professions ◽

10.1177/0163278720926714 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 016327872092671

Author(s):

Chao-Ran Yu ◽

Xin-Yang Yu ◽

Zhi-Tao Fan ◽

Kui Wang ◽

Heather L. Littleton

Keyword(s):

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Body Satisfaction ◽

Rating Scales ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Figure Rating Scale ◽

Strong Relation ◽

Actual Figure ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Development And Validation

Figure rating scales (FRS) have been widely used to measure body dissatisfaction. In the current study, an FRS based on body mass index (BMI) and body shape of Chinese adolescents (C-BMI-FRS) was developed and validated. The perceived actual figure chosen from C-BMI-FRS by 2,237 Chinese adolescents aged 15–18 years old correlated strongly with BMI ( r = .83 in girls and r = .80 in boys). Additionally, there was a strong relation between actual and ideal figure discrepancy (AID) scores and measures of body satisfaction ( r = −.54 in girls, r = −.28 in boys) and eating disorder symptoms ( r = .54 in girls, and r = .52 in boys). There also were moderate associations of AID scores with self-esteem ( r = −.16) and negative affect ( r = .18) in girls. Test–retest reliability over an 8- to 10 -week interval exceeded .57 for actual figure, ideal figure, and AID scores. Overall, findings support the utility of C-BMI-FRS as a measure of body dissatisfaction among Chinese adolescents.

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Body dissatisfaction among Iranian youth and adults

Cadernos de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/0102-311x00024516 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 33 (9) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Behshid Garrusi ◽

Mohammad Reza Baneshi

Keyword(s):

Body Dissatisfaction ◽

Body Satisfaction ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

University Education ◽

Cultural Variation ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Figure Rating Scale

Abstract: Despite the importance of body satisfaction on one’s self image and well-being, little has been written about body image or how it affects people in Iran. The aim of this study is to assess body dissatisfaction and its risk factors in the general Iranian population. The sample size for this cross-sectional study included approximately 1,200 participants (both male and female) and was conducted in 2011. Body dissatisfaction (based on the Figure Rating Scale), demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, body mass index (BMI) and use of the media were recorded. Nearly two thirds of the participants were included in the middle age group and roughly half of them had a university education. Approximately two thirds of the participants were satisfied with their body. The mean score of body dissatisfaction in women was greater than men (p < 0.0001). Age, gender, marital status and BMI had a significant relationship with body dissatisfaction. The finding of this study demonstrates that in Iran, body dissatisfaction and it consequences must be addressed. While the prevalence and pattern of body dissatisfaction in Iran is as high as other Asian countries, considering cultural variation within Asian countries is also important.

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441. A Comparison of 8 Preferred/Recommended EPA Atmospheric Dispersion Models Used to Estimate Potential Health Risks from Process Emissions

10.3320/1.2766392 ◽

2002 ◽

Author(s):

R. Clinkenbeard ◽

T. Hall

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Atmospheric Dispersion ◽

Dispersion Models ◽

Potential Health ◽

Atmospheric Dispersion Models

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An intervention for depressive symptoms using a commercial game in a mental health impatient setting. (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.13890 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Pablo Rodrigo Guzman Cortez ◽

Matias Marzocchi ◽

Neus Freixa Fontanals ◽

Mercedes Balcells-Olivero

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Health Outcomes ◽

Serious Games ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Depressive Symptomatology ◽

Pilot Test ◽

Potential Health ◽

Depressive Episodes ◽

Hamilton Rating Scale

BACKGROUND Computerized mental health interventions have shown evidence of their potential benefit for mental health outcomes in young users. All of the studied interventions available in the review and scientific literature can be classified as "serious games". Serious games are computerized interventions designed from the start with the objective of improving specific desired health outcomes. Moreover, there are reports of users experiencing subjective benefits in mental health after playing specific commercial games. These were games not intentionally made with a therapeutic objective in the design process. An example is the videogame "Journey", first released for the Playstation 3 console in 2012 which won "Game of the Year" in the 2013 D.I.C.E awards. The creator of the game describes the game as a short, 2-3-hour narrative experience in which the player goes through the "Hero's Journey" following a classic 3-part structure. There were more than 100 testimonials from players describing how the game helped them cope with psychological or personal issues. Some of them explicitly described recovering from depressive episodes through playing the game. OBJECTIVE To conduct a pilot test of the efficacy of the videogame Journey in reducing depressive symptoms in an acute impatient setting METHODS Depressive symptomatology was measured before and after the intervention using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) The intervention was conducted in an isolated room using a Playstation 3 console with the videogame "Journey" developed by Thatgamecompany. No internet access was allowed. The game was played over the course of 4 30-45 min sessions in a two week period. RESULTS The initial score in the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) was 30, indicating a very severe depression. After the intervention the HRSD score was 10, showing a mild depression. CONCLUSIONS The Videogame Journey, a commercial game first available for the Playstation 3 console in 2012, was not created as a serious game with potential health benefits. Our pilot test is the first case report of a commercial game showing a potential effect in reducing depressive symptoms, which is consistent with the previous informal reports of users online.

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Placenta-Expanded Stromal Cell Therapy in a Rodent Model of Simulated Weightlessness

Cells ◽

10.3390/cells10040940 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 940

Author(s):

Linda Rubinstein ◽

Amber M. Paul ◽

Charles Houseman ◽

Metadel Abegaz ◽

Steffy Tabares Ruiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Health Risks ◽

Stromal Cells ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Medical Intervention ◽

Hindlimb Unloading ◽

Simulated Weightlessness ◽

Potential Health ◽

Long Duration ◽

Induced Changes ◽

Splenic Atrophy

Long duration spaceflight poses potential health risks to astronauts during flight and re-adaptation after return to Earth. There is an emerging need for NASA to provide successful and reliable therapeutics for long duration missions when capability for medical intervention will be limited. Clinically relevant, human placenta-derived therapeutic stromal cells (PLX-PAD) are a promising therapeutic alternative. We found that treatment of adult female mice with PLX-PAD near the onset of simulated weightlessness by hindlimb unloading (HU, 30 d) was well-tolerated and partially mitigated decrements caused by HU. Specifically, PLX-PAD treatment rescued HU-induced thymic atrophy, and mitigated HU-induced changes in percentages of circulating neutrophils, but did not rescue changes in the percentages of lymphocytes, monocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, T-cells and splenic atrophy. Further, PLX-PAD partially mitigated HU effects on the expression of select cytokines in the hippocampus. In contrast, PLX-PAD failed to protect bone and muscle from HU-induced effects, suggesting that the mechanisms which regulate the structure of these mechanosensitive tissues in response to disuse are discrete from those that regulate the immune- and central nervous system (CNS). These findings support the therapeutic potential of placenta-derived stromal cells for select physiological deficits during simulated spaceflight. Multiple countermeasures are likely needed for comprehensive protection from the deleterious effects of prolonged spaceflight.

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Impact of Bacillus in fermented soybean foods on human health

Annals of Microbiology ◽

10.1186/s13213-021-01641-9 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 71 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Trishala Gopikrishna ◽

Harini Keerthana Suresh Kumar ◽

Kumar Perumal ◽

Elavarashi Elangovan

Keyword(s):

Human Health ◽

Bioactive Compounds ◽

Health Risks ◽

Health Benefits ◽

Human Consumption ◽

Potential Health ◽

Fermented Soybean ◽

Food Pathogens ◽

Depth Analysis ◽

Fermented Soybean Foods

Abstract Purpose Fermented soybean foods (FSF) is popularly consumed in the South-East Asian countries. Bacillus species, a predominant microorganism present in these foods, have demonstrated beneficial and deleterious impacts on human health. These microorganisms produce bioactive compounds during fermentation that have beneficial impacts in improving human health. However, the health risks associated with FSF, food pathogens, biogenic amines (BAs) production, and late-onset anaphylaxis, remain a concern. The purpose of this review is to present an in-depth analysis of positive and negative impacts as a result of consumption of FSF along with the measures to alleviate health risks for human consumption. Methods This review was composed by scrutinizing contemporary literature of peer-reviewed publications related to Bacillus and FSF. Based on the results from academic journals, this review paper was categorized into FSF, role of Bacillus species in these foods, process of fermentation, beneficial, and adverse influence of these foods along with methods to improve food safety. Special emphasis was given to the potential benefits of bioactive compounds released during fermentation of soybean by Bacillus species. Results The nutritional and functional properties of FSF are well-appreciated, due to the release of peptides and mucilage, which have shown health benefits: in managing cardiac disease, gastric disease, cancer, allergies, hepatic disease, obesity, immune disorders, and especially microbial infections due to the presence of probiotic property, which is a potential alternative to antibiotics. Efficient interventions were established to mitigate pitfalls like the techniques to reduce BAs and food pathogens and by using a defined starter culture to improve the safety and quality of these foods. Conclusion Despite some of the detrimental effects produced by these foods, potential health benefits have been observed. Therefore, soybean foods fermented by Bacillus can be a promising food by integrating effective measures for maintaining safety and quality for human consumption. Further, in vivo analysis on the activity and dietary interventions of bioactive compounds among animal models and human volunteers are yet to be achieved which is essential to commercialize them for safe consumption by humans, especially immunocompromised patients.

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Triport periareolar thoracoscopic surgery versus right minithoracotomy for repairing atrial septal defect in adults

Interactive Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery ◽

10.1093/icvts/ivaa246 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Xiang-Xiang Zheng ◽

Ze-Yu Wang ◽

Lu-Yao Ma ◽

Hong- Liu ◽

Huan- Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Septal Defect ◽

Septal Defect ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Thoracoscopic Surgery ◽

Operation Time ◽

Numeric Rating Scale ◽

Hospital Death ◽

Aortic Cross Clamp Time ◽

Atrial Septal Defect Closure ◽

Satisfaction Scale

Abstract OBJECTIVES Our goal was to investigate the safety and feasibility of triport periareolar thoracoscopic surgery (TPTS) and its advantages in repairing adult atrial septal defect. METHODS Between January 2017 and January 2020, a total of 121 consecutive adult patients underwent atrial septal defect closure in our institution. Of these, 30 patients had TPTS and 31 patients had a right minithoracotomy (RMT). Operational data and clinical outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. RESULTS The total operation time, cardiopulmonary bypass time and aortic cross-clamp time in the TPTS group were slightly longer than those in the RMT group, but there were no differences between the 2 groups. Compared with the RMT group, the TPTS group showed a decrease in the volume of chest drainage in 24 h (98.6 ± 191.2 vs 222.6 ± 217.2 ml; P = 0.032) and a shorter postoperative hospital stay (6.5 ± 1.5 vs 8.0 ± 3.7 days; P = 0.042). The numeric rating scale on postoperative day 7 was significantly less in the TPTS group than in the RMT group (2.82 ± 1.14 vs 3.56 ± 1.42; P = 0.034). The patient satisfaction scale for the cosmetic results in the TPTS group was significantly higher than in the RMT group (4.68 ± 0.55 vs 4.22 ± 0.76; P = 0.012). No differences were found in postoperative complications. No in-hospital death or major adverse events occurred in the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS TPTS is safe and feasible for the closure of adult atrial septal defect. Compared with RMT, it has been associated with less pain and better cosmetic outcomes.

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