scholarly journals The Peculiarities of Civil-Legal Regulation of Transplantation in Ukraine and Europe

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-48
Author(s):  
Alla Herts
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
The Body ◽  
Accessibility Of Health Services ◽  
Surgical Field ◽  
Processed Form ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Cadaveric Transplantation

Abstract In modern realities the issue of the quality and accessibility of health services, the cost of medicines, examinations and treatment in general is being increasingly frequently discussed. The attention is focused on such a narrow surgical field as transplantation, because in Ukraine thousands of patients are waiting in line for organ transplantation and very few operations are performed. The main, most secure and common type of transplantation is the transplantation of organs and tissues from a deceased person, the dead body. Cadaveric transplantation, which is used in most developed countries, is hardly carried out in Ukraine. This is due to the fact that the current regulatory base of Ukraine in the field of transplantation does not fully meet the needs of modern medicine and has many gaps. The aim of donation is a future transplantation (including and in cases of blood transfusion and reproductive cells use). The parts (tissues, organs, their parts, individual cells) extracted (separated) from the body in the process of donation can be used generally in the treatment process in a processed form (blood plasma) or in the original state (fertilized reproductive cells). The detailed analysis of the provisions of the national legal system makes it possible to conclude that, despite the absence of direct regulation of relations concerning organ donation and transplantation as material relations, the legal regulations provide the fundamental provisions, which determine their material nature, and therefore offer opportunities for agreementbased regulation. In our opinion, one of the essential legal means of ensuring the rights of participants in the relations of donation and transplantation can be their agreement-based regulation. The peculiarities of civil-legal regulation of transplantation in Ukraine and Europe are simultaneously analysed; and the grounds of its legitimacy are defined.

scholarly journals Criminal law measures of ensuring the security of the crypto sphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Oleg Stepanov ◽  
Denis Pechegin
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Law ◽  
Foreign Currency ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Financial Asset ◽  
Financial Instruments ◽  
The Us ◽  
Draft Bill ◽  
The Cost

In the first issue of the Bratislava Law Review magazine for 2018, our article addressed the problem of legal regulation of relations related to the crypto sphere “Failure to repatiate funds in foreign currency from abroad and modern issues of currency regulation” was published. In December 2017, Bitcoin predicted the cost of $ 40 – $ 100 thousand. However, in 2018, the situation changed-the Bitcoin exchange rate began to lose from $ 0.5 to $ 1 thousand per day, and its market capitalization fell to $ 70 billion. The crisis of the crypto market has affected not only the capitalization of cryptocurrencies, but also the issues of legal regulation of relations associated with its use. Currently, only three countries – Sweden, the Netherlands and Japan – recognize cryptocurrency as a legal means of payment. In Spain, the cryptocurrency is classified as an electronic means of payment only in relation to the gaming business. The legislation of Germany, as well as Finland, allows to classify cryptocurrencies as financial instruments. In China, Singapore and Norway cryptocurrency is considered as a financial asset in the US – as property, i.e. developed countries are in no hurry to equate cryptocurrency to means of payment. In Russia, the use of cryptocurrencies is not regulated by any rules, but there is no legislation prohibiting the circulation of cryptocurrencies as means of payment. At the same time, the draft bill “On digital nancial assets”, designed to regulate financial relations in the crypto sphere, completely excludes the issues of mining and circulation of existing crypto-currencies. However, new electronic entities carry certain risks associated with their turnover. In this regard, many States seek to develop mechanisms to ensure the security of actions in the new crypto sphere of legal relations before the direct legalization of cryptocurrencies and other modern electronic entities. The purpose of the article is to analyze the approaches related to the security of the crypto sphere in modern society by criminal law measures taking into account foreign experience.

scholarly journals LEKSIKON ETNOMEDISIN DALAM PENGOBATAN TRADISIONAL MINANGKABAU

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almos Rona ◽  
Pramono Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Health Services ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Unified Method

System of traditional medicine to this day is still alive, although the practices of modern medicine is growing rapidly with the emergence of centers of government and private health services. The phenomenon Back to Nature (back to nature) are increasingly intensified by the developed countries have a positive impact on the flourishing of the traditional medical systems. The method used to analyze the data are unified method. Unified method used is equivalent translational methods and methods of unified referential. In this study lexicon Minangkabau traditional medicine can be classified into three groups: the types of diseases, types of herbs and treatment process. Keywords: traditional medicine, Minangkabau, lexicon

A Critical Review on Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma) - An Ayurvedic View

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandip R. Baheti ◽  
Deepa Sharma ◽  
Saroj Devi ◽  
Amit Rai
Keyword(s):  
Bronchial Asthma ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Modern Science ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Asthma Symptoms

Difficulty in breathing or shortness of breath may be simply termed as Shwasa (Asthma), As per Ayurveda, Shwasa is mainly caused by the Vata and Kapha Doshas. Shwasa is broadly classified into five types in Maha Shwasa (Dyspnoea major), Urdhawa Shwasa (Expiratory Dyspnoea), Chinna Shwasa (Chyne-stroke respiration), Kshudra Shwasa (Dyspnoea minor), Tamaka Shwasa (Bronchial Asthma). In modern science Tamaka Shwasa can be correlated with Asthma, Asthma which is a chronic inflammatory disease of airway. In modern medicine there is no cure for Asthma, symptoms can typically be improved. In Ayurveda, Asthma can be effectively and safely manage the condition without inducing any drug dependency where Pachakarma procedures and use of internal medication detoxifies the body, provides nutrition and increases the elasticity of lung tissue it also develops natural immunity of the body thus decreasing episodic recurrence of the disease.

The cost implication of primary prevention in the HOPE 3 trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Andre Lamy ◽  
Eva Lonn ◽  
Wesley Tong ◽  
Balakumar Swaminathan ◽  
Hyejung Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Cost Saving ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Clinical Trial Registration ◽  
Pressure Lowering ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Care Costs ◽  
Country Specific

Abstract Aims The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) found that rosuvastatin alone or with candesartan and hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) (in a subgroup with hypertension) significantly lowered cardiovascular events compared with placebo in 12 705 individuals from 21 countries at intermediate risk and without cardiovascular disease. We assessed the costs implications of implementation in primary prevention in countries at different economic levels. Methods and results Hospitalizations, procedures, study and non-study medications were documented. We applied country-specific costs to the healthcare resources consumed for each patient. We calculated the average cost per patient in US dollars for the duration of the study (5.6 years). Sensitivity analyses were also performed with cheapest equivalent substitutes. The combination of rosuvastatin with candesartan/HCT reduced total costs and was a cost-saving strategy in United States, Canada, Europe, and Australia. In contrast, the treatments were more expensive in developing countries even when cheapest equivalent substitutes were used. After adjustment for gross domestic product (GDP), the costs of cheapest equivalent substitutes in proportion to the health care costs were higher in developing countries in comparison to developed countries. Conclusion Rosuvastatin and candesartan/HCT in primary prevention is a cost-saving approach in developed countries, but not in developing countries as both drugs and their cheapest equivalent substitutes are relatively more expensive despite adjustment by GDP. Reductions in costs of these drugs in developing countries are essential to make statins and blood pressure lowering drugs affordable and ensure their use. Clinical trial registration HOPE-3 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00468923.

scholarly journals Bioethanolic yeasts from dung beetles: tapping the potential of extremophilic yeasts for improvement of lignocellulolytic feedstock fermentation

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Ejiro Nwaefuna ◽  
Karl Rumbold ◽  
Teun Boekhout ◽  
Nerve Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Process ◽  
Dung Beetles ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Industrial Wastes ◽  
Major Drawback ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
Extreme Stress ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Simultaneous Saccharification

AbstractBioethanol from abundant and inexpensive agricultural and industrial wastes possesses the potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Bioethanol as renewable fuel addresses elevated production costs, as well as food security concerns. Although technical advancements in simultaneous saccharification and fermentation have reduced the cost of production, one major drawback of this technology is that the pre-treatment process creates environmental stressors inhibitory to fermentative yeasts subsequently reducing bioethanol productivity. Robust fermentative yeasts with extreme stress tolerance remain limited. This review presents the potential of dung beetles from pristine and unexplored environments as an attractive source of extremophilic bioethanolic yeasts. Dung beetles survive on a recalcitrant lignocellulose-rich diet suggesting the presence of symbiotic yeasts with a cellulolytic potential. Dung beetles inhabiting extreme stress environments have the potential to harbour yeasts with the ability to withstand inhibitory environmental stresses typically associated with bioethanol production. The review further discusses established methods used to isolate bioethanolic yeasts, from dung beetles.

scholarly journals International retirement migration and Thai stakeholders’ views: a Japanese case study

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Suwaree Ashton ◽  
Noel Scott
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The Body ◽  
Local Resident ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Stakeholder Collaboration ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Retirement Migration ◽  
International Retirement Migration

Purpose This paper aims to investigate Thai stakeholders’ perceptions of developing a destination for international retirement migration (IRM). Increasingly, residents of developed nations such as Japan who retire from work are choosing to live in Thailand or other less-developed countries. Design/methodology/approach Qualitative approach was used, and data were collected through focus groups and in-depth interviews in Chiang Mai and Bangkok. Content analysis technique was used to analyze data after completing the interviews of 35 industry participants. Findings It was found from the participants that considerable new real estate development and services specifically for these retirees has been created in recent years, but that there is a lack of stakeholder collaboration in catering to this market. Moreover, local resident knowledge of the retirees’ culture and language is lacking, along with a need for policy and planning support from government. Research limitations/implications A limitation of this study is that it explored only the perception of business stakeholders involved with Japanese IRM, a group of importance to the Thai Government due to their increasing numbers. Further study could look at local community attitudes toward IRM and how a community adapts to this new phenomenon. Practical implications This study provides guidelines for stakeholders, government and local communities. Especially, the role of government is to provide support with clear information about the visa process and legal documents. Originality/value This study contributes to the body of knowledge of destination development strategy for a specific international retirement tourist group.

Criteria for the Evaluation of Social Policy Effectiveness of States

2014 ◽  
pp. 87-97
Author(s):  
V. Sautkina
Keyword(s):  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
Educational Services ◽  
State Control ◽  
National Education ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level ◽  
The Cost

The following article is devoted to the study of current state of national education and healthcare systems. The cost of services in these areas constantly increases, there for even developed countries are forced to make significant efforts in order to maintain earlier achieved results. Due to this reason countries entered into the period of constant reforms with the purpose of maintaining that high level of health and educational services for all segments of population with a constant reduction of its volume of financing. The legal aspects of these changes are requiring manifestation of the will of politicians in order to overcome the opposition of parties which are defending their interests. As an example, the main opponents of the healthcare reforms proposed by Barak Obama in the USA are Republicans who are concerned about a significant increase of a state control over the entire national insurance system. The author comes to the conclusion that only joint actions of the government and every segment of population might actually improve the quality of medical and educational services.

Influence of the cost of technological equipment of body production on indicators of efficiency of working processes

2021 ◽  
pp. 28-32
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Index ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
The Body ◽  
Technological Equipment ◽  
Production Body ◽  
Body Production ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Efficiency Indicators ◽  
Selection Of

The possibilities for the development of bodywork in the context of the growing level of competition are analyzed in the article. The technological processes of bodywork are considered and the problem of choosing technological equipment is indicated. The statistical data about the efficiency indicators of company body divisions, operating in the body repair market in Krasnoyarsk, are presented. A composite quality index for the equipment of the bodywork department (using the example of body stocks) is proposed and calculated, and on its basis, some recommendations are given for companies which plan to enter the market of body repair services. Keywords: body production, body repair, body equipment, body production efficiency, selection of technological equipment

Improving the efficiency of metal-bonded diamond abrasive end tools by improving manufacturing technology

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-80
Author(s):  
Valentin Smirnov ◽  
◽  
Dmitry Lobanov ◽  
Vadim Skeeba ◽  
Ivan Golyushov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
Carbon Steels ◽  
Manufacturing Technology ◽  
The Body ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Medium Carbon ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Diamond Abrasive ◽  
Bearing Part

Introduction. Difficult-to-machine materials with enhanced physical and mechanical properties are increasingly being used in various industries. Such materials are used in mechanical engineering for the manufacture of parts and assemblies of machines and mechanisms, in the production and processing of food products where increased operational requirements are required. In modern production, along with traditional methods of intensifying technological operations, combined and hybrid processing technologies are used. For the finishing of products, abrasive grinding with a diamond tool is used. One of the problems hindering the wide practical application of this method in industry is the fact that it has a high prime cost caused by the cost of materials used in the manufacture and the laboriousness of the tool shaping process. This leads to the need to develop a new technology for manufacturing diamond tools. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of the end diamond abrasive tool with a metal bond by using carbon steels as a body material, increasing the strength of the connection between the body and the diamond-bearing part, as well as choosing an effective tool manufacturing technology. Research methodology. To gain this task, a technology for manufacturing end diamond abrasive tools is developed and tested. Allowing using the technology of capacitor welding to connect the diamond-bearing part with the shank and use medium-carbon hardened high-quality steels with a hardness of 45-60 HRC as the shank material. The strength of the connection of the body with the working diamond-bearing part of the grinding head samples is determined by tensile testing on a 1958U10 tensile machine with maximum load 100 kN. The quality of the joint is assessed visually by the presence of discontinuities in the joint, as well as by examining the microstructure and measuring the microhardness of the weld and heat-affected zones. The microhardness of the welded joint is measured using an HMV-G21ST semi-automatic microhardness tester (Shimadzu, Japan) at a load of 50 g. Results and discussion. Thus, the results of comparative studies allow us to assert that the strength of the connection between the shank and the working diamond-bearing part according to the proposed technology surpasses similar characteristics of the strength of the connection between the shank and the diamond-bearing layer of grinding heads obtained by the method selected by the prototype. Conclusions. The proposed technology for the manufacture of diamond heads increases the strength of the connection between the body and the diamond-bearing working part, reduces the cost of manufacturing the grinding heads due to the use of hardened medium-carbon steels as the material of the tool body instead of high-speed steel grades, the technology is simplified and the possibility of automating the manufacture of tools appears.

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