Role of extracellular matrix in regulating embryonic epithelial-mesenchymal transition

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Francesca Zito
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Fibrotic Diseases ◽  
Cell Matrix Adhesion ◽  
Specific Membrane

AbstractEmbryogenesis and morphogenesis are characterized by complex cell rearrangements and movements which require appropriate interactions of cells with the surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) by means of specific membrane receptors. Interest in the identification and purification of ECM components, as well as in conducting functional studies of them, including their ligands and other molecules involved in cell-matrix adhesion, has intensified in recent years, increasing our knowledge of developmental machinery. Cellular movements play an important role during the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) events, which are key processes in normal embryogenesis as well as in pathological conditions, such as fibrotic diseases and cancer. Thus, to more fully understand mechanisms underlying the EMT process, and for better knowledge of the embryonic defects related to this process, it would be useful to study the substrates on which EMT cells move during embryo development. This review focuses on a few different embryonic systems, taking into account the cell migration that occurs during EMT and highlighting, in particular, studies describing the direct involvement of ECM molecules.

scholarly journals Role of ACTN4 in Tumorigenesis, Metastasis, and EMT

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitri Tentler ◽  
Ekaterina Lomert ◽  
Ksenia Novitskaya ◽  
Nikolai A. Barlev
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Region ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Actin Binding ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Functional Studies ◽  
Cytoskeleton Reorganization ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Nuclear Processes

The actin-binding protein ACTN4 belongs to a family of actin-binding proteins and is a non-muscle alpha-actinin that has long been associated with cancer development. Numerous clinical studies showed that changes in ACTN4 gene expression are correlated with aggressiveness, invasion, and metastasis in certain tumors. Amplification of the 19q chromosomal region where the gene is located has also been reported. Experimental manipulations with ACTN4 expression further confirmed its involvement in cell proliferation, motility, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, both clinical and experimental data suggest that the effects of ACTN4 up- or down-regulation may vary a lot between different types of tumors. Functional studies demonstrated its engagement in a number of cytoplasmic and nuclear processes, ranging from cytoskeleton reorganization to regulation of different signaling pathways. Such a variety of functions may be the reason behind cell type and cell line specific responses. Herein, we will review research progress and controversies regarding the prognostic and functional significance of ACTN4 for tumorigenesis.

TMEM88 inhibits TGF-β1-induced-extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in human pleural mesothelial cells through modulating TGF-β1/Smad pathway

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongmin Sun ◽  
Ning Qian ◽  
Hong Li ◽  
Tinghua Hu ◽  
Ling Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Mesothelial Cell ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Pleural Fibrosis ◽  
Tgf Β1

Abstract Pleural fibrosis is an irreversible pathological process occurred in the development of several lung diseases. TMEM88 is a member of transmembrane (TMEM) family and has been found to be involved in the regulation of fibrogenesis. However, the role of TMEM88 in pleural fibrosis remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of TMEM88 in pleural fibrosis in vitro using TGF-β1-induced human pleural mesothelial cell line MeT-5A cells. Our results showed that the expression levels of TMEM88 were downregulated in pleural fibrosis tissues and TGF-β1-treated Met-5A cells. Overexpression of TMEM88 inhibited the proliferation of Met-5A cells under TGF-β1 stimulation. In addition, TMEM88 overexpression prevented TGF-β1-induced extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in Met-5A cells with decreased expression levels of Col I and fibronectin, increased levels of cytokeratin-8 and E-cadherin, as well as decreased levels of vimentin and α-SMA. Furthermore, overexpression of TMEM88 inhibited the expression of TGF-β receptor I (TβRI) and TβRII and suppressed the phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3 in Met-5A cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that TMEM88 exhibited an anti-fibrotic activity in pleural fibrosis via inhibiting the activation of TGF-β1/Smad signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Ras alters epithelial-mesenchymal transition in response to TGF-β by reducing actin fibers and cell-matrix adhesion

Cell Cycle ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfiya F. Safina ◽  
Andrea E. Varga ◽  
Anna Bianchi ◽  
Qiao Zheng ◽  
Dimiter Kunnev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Matrix Adhesion ◽  
Cell Matrix ◽  
Cell Matrix Adhesion

Magnesium Chloride is an Effective Therapeutic Agent for Prostate Cancer

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julianna Maria Santos ◽  
Fazle Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Magnesium Chloride ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Myosin Ii ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Migration Speed ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition

Background: Reduced levels of magnesium can cause several diseases and increase cancer risk. Motivated by magnesium chloride’s (MgCl2) non-toxicity, physiological importance, and beneficial clinical applications, we studied its action mechanism and possible mechanical, molecular, and physiological effects in prostate cancer with different metastatic potentials.Methods: We examined the effects of MgCl2, after 24 and 48 hours, on apoptosis, cell migration, expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and V-H+-ATPase, myosin II (NMII) and the transcription factor NF Kappa B (NFkB) expressions.Results: MgCl2 induces apoptosis, and significantly decreases migration speed in cancer cells with different metastatic potentials.  MgCl2 reduces the expression of V-H+-ATPase and myosin II that facilitates invasion and metastasis, suppresses the expression of vimentin and increases expression of E-cadherin, suggesting a role of MgCl2 in reversing the EMT. MgCl2 also significantly increases the chromatin condensation and decreases NFkB expression.Conclusions: These results suggest a promising preventive and therapeutic role of MgCl2 for prostate cancer. Further studies should explore extending MgCl2 therapy to in vivo studies and other cancer types.Keywords: Magnesium chloride, prostate cancer, migration speed, V-H+-ATPase, and EMT.

Effect of Annexins Translocated in Extracellular Vesicles on Tumorigenesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qionghui Wu ◽  
Haidong Wei ◽  
Wenbo Meng ◽  
Xiaodong Xie ◽  
Zhenchang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Tumor Cell Adhesion ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Calcium Dependent ◽  
Tumor Neovascularization

: Annexin, a calcium-dependent phospholipid binding protein, can affect tumor cell adhesion, proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and metastasis, as well as tumor neovascularization in different ways. Recent studies have shown that annexin exists not only as an intracellular protein in tumor cells, but also in different ways to be secret outside the cell as a “crosstalk” tool for tumor cells and tumor microenvironment, thus playing an important role in the development of tumors, such as participating in epithelial-mesenchymal transition, regulating immune cell behavior, promoting neovascularization and so on. The mechanism of annexin secretion in the form of extracellular vesicles and its specific role is still unclear. This paper summarizes the main role of annexin secreted into the extracellular space in the form of extracellular vesicles in tumorigenesis and drug resistance and analyzes its possible mechanism.

scholarly journals Modulating Tumor Cell Functions by Tunable Nanopatterned Ligand Presentation

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Katharina Amschler ◽  
Michael P. Schön
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tumor Cell ◽  
Cell Fate ◽  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Ligand Density ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Cell Functions

Cancer comprises a large group of complex diseases which arise from the misrouted interplay of mutated cells with other cells and the extracellular matrix. The extracellular matrix is a highly dynamic structure providing biochemical and biophysical cues that regulate tumor cell behavior. While the relevance of biochemical signals has been appreciated, the complex input of biophysical properties like the variation of ligand density and distribution is a relatively new field in cancer research. Nanotechnology has become a very promising tool to mimic the physiological dimension of biophysical signals and their positive (i.e., growth-promoting) and negative (i.e., anti-tumoral or cytotoxic) effects on cellular functions. Here, we review tumor-associated cellular functions such as proliferation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and phenotype switch that are regulated by biophysical parameters such as ligand density or substrate elasticity. We also address the question of how such factors exert inhibitory or even toxic effects upon tumor cells. We describe three principles of nanostructured model systems based on block copolymer nanolithography, electron beam lithography, and DNA origami that have contributed to our understanding of how biophysical signals direct cancer cell fate.

scholarly journals Correction to: The role of epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes during gonadogenesis of albino rat

2020 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina A. Aeshra ◽  
Maiada Moustafa ◽  
Mohammed I. Y. Elmallah ◽  
Said Abdelrahman Salih ◽  
Ibrahim Y. Abdel Kader
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Albino Rat ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition
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