Diagnostic performances of clinical laboratory tests using Triton X-100 to reduce the biohazard associated with routine testing of Ebola virus-infected patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Tempestilli ◽  
Luigia Pucci ◽  
Stefania Notari ◽  
Antonino Di Caro ◽  
Concetta Castilletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Agent ◽  
Enveloped Virus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Triton X

AbstractEbola virus, an enveloped virus, is the cause of the largest and most complex Ebola virus disease (EVD) outbreak in West Africa. Blood or body fluids of an infected person may represent a biohazard to laboratory workers. Laboratory tests of virus containing specimens should be conducted in referral centres at biosafety level 4, but based on the severity of clinical symptoms, basic laboratories might be required to execute urgent tests for patients suspected of EVD. The aim of this work was to compare the analytical performances of laboratory tests when Triton X-100, a chemical agent able to inactivate other enveloped viruses, was added to specimens.Results of clinical chemistry, coagulation and haematology parameters on samples before and after the addition of 0.1% (final concentration) of Triton X-100 and 1 h of incubation at room temperature were compared.Overall, results showed very good agreement by all statistical analyses. Triton X-100 at 0.1% did not significantly affect the results for the majority of the analytes tested.Triton X-100 at 0.1% can be used to reduce the biohazard in performing laboratory tests on samples from patients with EVD without affecting clinical decisions.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Ebola Virus Inactivation Procedures for Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Diagnostics: TABLE 1

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 1387-1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Lau ◽  
Amanda Wang ◽  
Ann Chong-Kit ◽  
Filip Ralevski ◽  
Andrea K. Boggild
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria ◽  
Virus Inactivation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Triton X

Plasmodium falciparummalaria is highly endemic in the three most affected countries in the current epidemic of Ebola virus disease (EVD) in West Africa. As EVD and malaria are clinically indistinguishable, both remain part of the differential diagnosis of ill travelers from returning from areas of EVD transmission. We compared the performances of a rapid diagnostic test (BinaxNOW) and real-time PCR withP. falciparum-positive specimens before and after heat and Triton X-100 inactivation, and we documented no loss of sensitivity.

Understanding the Predictors that Contribute to Liberian Health Care Workers Feeling Protected From Ebola While at Work

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kayla Enriquez ◽  
Kanagasabai Udhayashankar ◽  
Michelle Niescierenko
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Returning To Work ◽  
Care Worker ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess Liberian health care workers’ feelings around safety in returning to work in the setting of the Ebola virus disease outbreak of 2014–2015 after receiving infection prevention and control (IPC) training. Methods: Academic Consortium Combating Ebola in Liberia (ACCEL) training surveys were done at 21 public, Liberian hospitals to understand health care workers’ attitudes surrounding Ebola and whether they felt safe while at work based on multiple factors. Logistic regression was used for analysis. Results: We found that health care workers feeling safe at work during the Ebola outbreak was primarily predicted by the number of IPC/Ebola trainings received pre-ACCEL interventions. Health care workers felt increasingly safer and motivated to return to work as trainings approached 3 (OR 8, p-value < 0.001); however, more than 3 trainings resulted in decreased safety and motivation. In addition, health care workers who reported washing their hands before and after patient contact were 3.4 times more likely to understand how to protect themselves from Ebola. Conclusions: These results help to better understand the utility of repeated trainings on health care worker practice attitudes and the importance of IPC policies within hospitals, such as hand hygiene promotion and education, when coordinating humanitarian efforts.

scholarly journals Proteomics: A New Diagnostic Frontier

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 1218-1222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen L Hortin ◽  
Saeed A Jortani ◽  
James C Ritchie ◽  
Roland Valdes ◽  
Daniel W Chan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Structural Variations ◽  
Protein Fragments ◽  
Recent Conference ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Source Of Information

Abstract Background: Analysis of proteins has been an integral part of the field of clinical chemistry for decades. Recent advances in technology and complete identification of the human genome sequence have opened up new opportunities for analysis of proteins for clinical diagnostic purposes. Methods: Content of a recent conference of proteomics is summarized. Results: New analytical methods allow the simultaneous analysis of a large number of proteins in biological fluids such as serum and plasma, offering partial views of the complete set of proteins or proteome. Plasma presents many analytical challenges, such as the complexity of components, predominance of a few major components, and the large concentration range of components, but the number of proteins that can be detected in plasma has expanded dramatically from hundreds to thousands. At the same time, there is increased capability to detect structural variations of proteins. Recent studies also identified the presence of complex sets of small protein fragments in plasma. This set of protein fragments, the fragmentome or peptidome, is potentially a rich source of information about physiologic and disease processes. Conclusions: Advances in proteomics offer great promise for the discovery of markers that might serve as the basis for new clinical laboratory tests. There are many challenges, however, in the translation of newly discovered markers into clinical laboratory tests.

A New Approach to the Costing of Clinical Laboratory Tests

1981 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 330-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
P M G Broughton ◽  
T C Hogan
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Total Annual Cost ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Laboratory Facilities ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost

A method of costing clinical laboratory tests is described which avoids the assumptions and omissions of previous methods and overcomes the basic theoretical difficulty of allocating indirect (overhead) costs, which form the major component. The method develops the concept of a ‘cost per request” to cover indirect costs, which reflect the cost of providing laboratory facilities, and a ‘cost per test” to cover the direct analytical costs of the individual tests done. The direct cost per test was found to vary with the workload, which makes it difficult to predict the effect of changes in demand on expenditure. The Canadian Schedule of Unit Values was found to be an unreliable basis for calculating direct labour costs. Examples are given of the direct and indirect costs of consumables, labour, and capital, and their contribution to the total cost of clinical chemistry tests done either during or outside normal working hours. The total annual cost for each analyte may be a more useful indicator of expenditure than the cost per test.

scholarly journals IN VITRO DIAGNOSIS FOR EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE. A COMPARISON OF CURRENT TECHNIQUES AND DIAGNOSTIC ASSAYS

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-116
Author(s):  
A. O. Sementsova ◽  
V. G. Dedkov ◽  
V. A. Ternovoy ◽  
E. V. Chub ◽  
S. A. Pyankov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Diagnostic Assays ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Forested Areas

Ebola virus disease is dangerous viral infection, occurring in the form of hemorrhagic fever, characterized by acute clinical symptoms and high mortality rate due to multiple organ failure. Ebola virus natural foci are located in forested areas of the central and western parts of Africa. It was believed for many years, the incidence of Ebola virus disease has been sporadic and the burden of it is true only in endemic areas. However, the unprecedented Ebola epidemic caused by Zaire virus in 2013 — 2016, has significantly changed our understanding of this disease and the patterns of its distribution. We have also identified weaknesses in the organization of anti-epidemic measures, the effectiveness of which was not very effective at the onset of the epidemic, in particular due to weak development of in vitro diagnostics (IVD). However, during the elimination of the epidemic in West Africa, anti-epidemic system has been modified substantially, largely due to quickly developed IVD kits. This review is devoted to analysis of trends in IVD for Ebola virus disease based on the experience obtained in the course of the West-African epidemic in 2013 — 2016.

Review on Adverse effects or side effects of Remdisivir

2021 ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
Ganesh G. Dhakad ◽  
Rohit V. Patil ◽  
Tejas I. Chaudhari ◽  
Paresh A. Patil.
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
World Health ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Rater Agreement

In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the spread of SARS-CoV-2 a global pandemic. To date, coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has spread to over 200 countries, leading to over 1.6 million cases and over 99,000 deaths. Given that there is neither a vaccine nor proven treatment for COVID-19, there is currently an urgent need for effective pharmacotherapy. To address the need for an effective treatment of SARS-CoV-2 during the worldwide pandemic, this systematic review of intravenous (IV) remdesivir was performed. Remdesivir, an anti-viral prodrug originally developed to treat Ebola virus disease, has shown broad spectrum activity against the Coronavirus family. A recent case report reported improvement of clinical symptoms with remdesivir in a patient with COVID-19. After conducting a systematic search of 18 clinical trial registries and three large scientific databases, we identified 86 potentially eligible items. Following removal of duplicates (n = 21), eligible studies were reviewed independently by two authors. After the first round of screening, inter-rater agreement was 98.5% (κ = 0.925). After the second round of full-text screening, inter-rater agreement was 100%. A total of seven ongoing and recruiting clinical trials of remdesivir (100–200 milligrams, intravenous [IV]) were included. We identified the following primary outcomes: patients discharged (n = 2); time to clinical status improvement (n = 2); improved O2 saturation (n = 2); body temperature normalization (n = 2); and clinical status (n = 1). Secondary outcomes in all identified studies included documentation of adverse events. Phase 3 trials are expected to be completed between April 2020–2023. Therefore, despite supportive data from in vitro and in vivo studies, the clinical effectiveness of IV remdesivir for treatment of COVID-19 and potential side effects remain incompletely defined in the human population. But the remdesivir is also harmful for the people because of it can have some side effects such as mentioned in the following information. There are so many type of disease started form the treatment of COVID-19 with the Remdesivir that also mentioned in the following review paper.

scholarly journals ICU-like Care of Nonhuman Primates with Ebola Virus Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W Blair ◽  
Mark G Kortepeter ◽  
Lydia G Downey ◽  
Cristian S Madar ◽  
Isaac L Downs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supportive Care ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
Observational Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Survival Difference

Abstract Background Ebola virus disease (EVD) supportive care strategies are largely guided by retrospective observational research. This study investigated the effect of EVD supportive care algorithms on duration of survival in a controlled nonhuman primate (NHP) model. Methods Fourteen rhesus macaques were challenged intramuscularly (IM) with a target dose of 1000 PFU Zaire ebolavirus (Kikwit). NHPs were allocated to intensive care unit (ICU)-like algorithms (n=7), intravenous fluids (IVF) plus levofloxacin (n=2), or a control group (n=5). The primary outcome measure was duration of survival, and secondary outcomes included changes in clinical laboratory values. Results Duration of survival was not significantly different between the pooled ICU-like algorithm and control groups (8.2 vs 6.9 days of survival, hazard ratio 0.50, p = 0.25). Norepinephrine was effective in transiently maintaining baseline blood pressure. NHPs treated with ICU-like algorithms had delayed onset of liver and kidney injury. Conclusions While an obvious survival difference was not observed with ICU-like care, clinical observations from this model may aid in EVD supportive care NHP model refinement.

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