scholarly journals Multiple factors influencing OR ventilation system effectiveness

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
Sebastian Buhl ◽  
Nicole Eschenbecher ◽  
Sabine Hentschel ◽  
Clemens Bulitta
Keyword(s):  
Ventilation System ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Technical Developments ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Airborne Microbes ◽  
German Standard ◽  
System Effectiveness ◽  
Ventilation Systems

AbstractThe issue of surgical site infections has become more critical during the last years. The number of airborne microbes depends on the number released by the staff in the room or supplied from neighbouring rooms. In order to minimize the risk of nosocomial infections during surgical procedures technical developments like ventilation systems were introduced in the operating room (OR). In this study several factors like clothing and types of ventilation systems have been investigated and their impact on the effectiveness for reducing microbial burden in the OR has been assessed. In case of OR-gowns we found a benefit for a disposable Swedish clothing concept regarding microbiological contamination in comparison with the German standard multiuse clothing. Moreover our study shows that there is comparable effectiveness of a fairly novel temperature controlled airflow ventilation system (TAF) compared to standard low turbulent uni-directional airflow (TAV).

scholarly journals Operating Theatre Ventilation Systems and Their Performance in Contamination Control: “At Rest” and “In Operation” Particle and Microbial Measurements Made in an Italian Large and Multi-Year Inspection Campaign

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7275
Author(s):  
Francesco Romano ◽  
Samanta Milani ◽  
Roberto Ricci ◽  
Cesare Maria Joppolo
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Airflow Rate ◽  
Contamination Control ◽  
Airborne Contamination ◽  
Air Diffusion ◽  
Ventilation Systems

In Operating Theatres (OT), the ventilation system plays an important role in controlling airborne contamination and reducing the risks of Surgical Site Infections (SSIs). The air cleanliness is really crucial in this field and different measurements are used in order to characterize the situation in terms of both airborne microbiological pollutants and particle size and concentration. Although the ventilation systems and airborne contamination are strictly linked, different air diffusion schemes (in particular, the Partial Unidirectional Airflow, P-UDAF, and the Mixing Airflow, MAF) and various design parameters are used, and there is still no consensus on real performance and optimum solutions. This study presents measurements procedures and results obtained during Inspection and Periodic Performance Testing (1228 observations) in a large sample of Italian OTs (175 OTs in 31 Italian hospitals) in their operative life (period from 2010 to 2018). The inspections were made after a cleaning procedure, both in “at-rest” conditions and “in operation” state. Inert and microbial contamination data (in air and on surfaces) are analyzed and commented according to four relevant air diffusion schemes and design classes. Related data on Recovery Time (RT) and personnel presence were picked up and are commented. The results confirm that the ventilation systems are able to maintain the targeted performance levels in the OT operative life. However, they attest that significant differences in real OT contamination control capabilities do exist and could be ascribed to various design choices and to different operation and maintenance practices. The study shows and confirms that the air diffusion scheme and the design airflow rate are critical factors. Beside large variations in measurements, the performance values, in terms of control of airborne particle and microbial contamination (in air and on surfaces), for P-UDAF systems are better than those that were assessed for the MAF air diffusion solution. The average performances do increase with increasing airflows, and the results offer a better insight on this relationship leading to some possible optimization.

Comparison of two air sampling methods to monitor operating room air quality and assessment of air quality in two operating rooms with different ventilation systems in the national hospital of Sri Lanka

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tshokey Tshokey ◽  
Pranitha Somaratne ◽  
Suneth Agampodi
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Operating Room ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Surgical Site Infections ◽  
National Hospital ◽  
Air Contamination ◽  
Acceptable Method ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Laminar Air Flow

Air contamination in the operating room (OR) is an important contributor for surgical site infections. Air quality should be assessed during microbiological commissioning of new ORs and as required thereafter. Despite many modern methods of sampling air, developing countries mostly depended on conventional methods. This was studied in two ORs of the National Hospital of Sri Lanka (NHSL) with different ventilation system; a conventional ventilation (CV) and a laminar air flow (LAF). Both ORs were sampled simultaneously by two different methods, the settle plate and sampler when empty and during use for a defined time period. Laboratory work was done in the Medical Research Institute. The two methods of sampling showed moderate but highly significant correlation. The OR with CV was significantly more contaminated than LAF when empty as well as during use by both methods. Overall, the difference in contamination was more significant when sampled by the sampler. Differences in contamination in empty and in-use ORs were significant in both ORs, but significance is less in LAF rooms. The consistent and significant correlation between settle plate and sampler showed that the settle plate is an acceptable method. The LAF theatre showed less contamination while empty and during use as expected. Air contamination differences were more significant when sampled with sampler indicating that it is a more sensitive method. Both CV and LAF ORs of the NHSL did not meet the contamination standards for empty theatres but met the standards for in-use indicating that the theatre etiquette was acceptable.

Study on Prediction Model of Karstic Large Spring Water Level Dynamic Coupling Multiple Factors in Jinan

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Liting ◽  
Zhou Juan ◽  
Zhang Fengjuan ◽  
Wang Song ◽  
Dou Tongwen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prediction Model ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Karst Water ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Heterogeneous Features ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Natural Decay

In karst regions, due to the heterogeneous features of karst medium, the characteristics of the groundwater flow turn to be of high complexity. Researchers have been seeking proper forecasting methods for karst water dynamic for many years. This paper, taking the spring in Jinan as an example, using regression analysis, analyzed the factors influencing spring water dynamic, and quantitatively evaluated the influencing coefficients of spring water level concerning rainfall, exploitation and recharge as well as the natural decay coefficient of spring water in dry seasons. The prediction model coupling multiple factors was built by investigating natural and anthropogenic factors influencing groundwater level, which could be used for forecasting dynamic of spring water in Jinan. The calculated value of model was highly coincided with the observed value. In consideration of the characteristics of uneven precipitation in Jinan, the suitable zones and volume of artificial recharge were investigated finally, which could help to sustain the spewing of Jinan springs significantly.

scholarly journals Evaluation of litter material and ventilation systems in poultry production: III. litter reuse, darkling beetle populations and intestinal parasites

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1372-1380
Author(s):  
Valéria Maria Nascimento Abreu ◽  
Doralice Pedroso de Paiva ◽  
Paulo Giovanni de Abreu ◽  
Arlei Coldebella
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Rice Husks ◽  
Darkling Beetle ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Soybean Straw ◽  
Ventilation Systems

It was evaluated the quality of rice husks or soybean straw as litter substrate and the effect of litter reuse for four consecutive flocks of broiler chickens on populations of darkling beetle and intestinal parasite and as organic fertilizer. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m poultry houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each flock with a duration of 42 days and with a 15-day downtime between flocks. The evaluated treatments were two ventilation systems (stationary or oscillating fans) and two litter materials (soybean straw or rice husks). Darkling beetle population was followed by collecting the insects in traps, three traps per box, and endoparasite litter contamination was determined by eggs/oocyst counts per gram of litter. Levels of dry matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, organic carbon and pH were evaluated by physical/chemical analyses of samples of the litters in each flock. Overall, litters of broilers used by three flocks meet the minimal legal requirements to be marketed as simple organic fertilizer, regardless to the material used as substrate. Soybean straw presented higher darkling beetle counts in stationary ventilation system as well as in oscillating ventilation system. The probability of rice husks litter present contamination by Eimeria spp oocysts is 18.78 times higher in rice husks than in soybean straw litter when both are submitted to oscillating ventilation, and 1.32 higher when stationary ventilation is used. Litter temperature does not influence significantly levels of contamination by oocysts.

scholarly journals GPs’ involvement in diagnosing, treating, and referring patients with suspected or confirmed primary cutaneous melanoma: a qualitative study

BJGP Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. bjgpopen20X101028
Author(s):  
Andrea L Smith ◽  
Caroline G Watts ◽  
Samuel Robinson ◽  
Helen Schmid ◽  
Chiao-Han Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Melanoma Patient ◽  
Lymph Node Biopsy ◽  
System Level ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Primary Cutaneous Melanoma ◽  
Patient Level ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Node Biopsy

BackgroundIn Australia, melanoma is managed in primary and secondary care settings. An individual concerned about a suspicious lesion typically presents first to their GP.AimTo identify factors influencing GPs’ decisions to diagnose, treat, or refer patients with suspected melanoma.Design & settingSemi-structured interviews were undertaken with 23 GPs working in general practice or skin cancer clinics in Australia.MethodThe semi-structured interviews were audio-recorded, de-identified, and professionally transcribed. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.ResultsConsiderable variation existed in GPs’ self-reported confidence and involvement in melanoma management. Multiple factors were identified as influencing GPs’ decisions to diagnose, treat, or refer patients with suspected or confirmed melanoma. Health system level factors included the overlapping roles of GPs and specialists, and access to and/or availability of specialists. Practice level factors included opportunities for formal and informal training, and having a GP with a special interest in skin cancer within their practice. GP and patient level factors included the GP’s clinical interests, the clinical features (for example, site and size) and histopathology of the suspected melanoma, eligibility for possible sentinel lymph node biopsy, and patient preferences. For some GPs, concerns over misdiagnosis and the option of referring patients at any stage in the melanoma management continuum appeared to affect their interest and confidence in melanoma management.ConclusionGP involvement in melanoma patient care can extend well beyond cancer screening, prevention and supportive care roles to include provision of definitive melanoma patient management. GPs with an interest in being involved in melanoma management should be encouraged and supported to develop the skills needed to manage these patients, and to refer when appropriate.

Air Flow Straighteners’ Application to Reduce the Power Consumption of Exhaust Ventilation Schemes

2018 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery N. Azarov ◽  
Natalia M. Sergina ◽  
I.V. Stefanenko
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Aerodynamic Resistance ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Swirling Flows ◽  
Dust Collector ◽  
Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Outlet Pipe ◽  
Ventilation Systems

It was proposed to use air flow screw straightened units in outlet pipe of the dust collectors to reduce the aerodynamic resistance of exhaust ventilation systems. It is allowed to decrease power consumption for their maintenance operation consequently. The article describes the results of experimental studies to evaluate its effectiveness by applying the tangential screw straightened unit within ventilation system. The obtained results showed that the use of this device allows reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the cyclone by 14.6%, and for counter-swirling flows’ dust collector (CSFC) by 17.2-23.6%. It was found that meanings of the aerodynamic resistance depend on value the share proportion of the flow entering into lower CSFC apparatus’ input.

scholarly journals Self-contained ventilation system of civil buildings built into window structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Arman Kostuganov ◽  
Yuri Vytchikov ◽  
Andrey Prilepskiy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Building Construction ◽  
Labor Input ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Extra Space ◽  
Research Stage ◽  
Ventilation Systems

The article describes development and application of self-contained ventilation systems in civil buildings. It suggests several models of air exchange within the building, compares these models and points out the variant of ventilating with self-contained mechanical systems with utilization of heat. The researchers conclude that structurally self-contained systems of mechanical ventilation with utilization of heat are most efficiently built into window constructions. This installation variant makes it possible to keep the interior, avoid building construction strengthening, shorten time and labor input of construction-assembling works, allow rational use of the vertical building envelopes area without extra space using. The paper key issue is the development of constructive solutions of self-contained ventilation systems main elements to ensure the possibility of their use in window structures. This research stage was developed with account of previous results of field tests and of such ventilation systems theoretical descriptions. The authors assess limit dimensions of the systems suitable for installment into window constructions of civil buildings in the view of modern Russian requirements to thermal protection. The research suggests a general constructive solution of such a ventilation system and a heat exchanger model which can be used as an air heat utilizer in these systems.

scholarly journals Analysis and optimization of multiple factors influencing fracturing induced stress field

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-181
Author(s):  
Bing Guan ◽  
Shibin Li ◽  
Jiran Liu ◽  
Ligang Zhang ◽  
Shuangqing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Stress Field ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Induced Stress

scholarly journals The consequences of the inappropriate use of ventilation systems operating in indoor swimming pool conditions - analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00064
Author(s):  
Izabela Pietkun-Greber ◽  
Dariusz Suszanowicz
Keyword(s):  
Air Quality ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Swimming Pool ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Chlorine Ions ◽  
Leisure Facilities ◽  
The Given ◽  
Ventilation Systems

Increasingly more leisure facilities, such as water parks or indoor swimming pools are being built in Poland nowadays. In order to ensure the air quality required by standards for such leisure facilities it is necessary to fit them with effectively functioning ventilation. For the removal of excess humidity, as well as chlorine ions occurring as a result of the disinfection of water as well as the carbon dioxide emitted by people using the facility, the ventilation system needs to be appropriately designed and efficient. For this reason, studies into the air quality in such facilities were undertaken. The paper presents the causes and consequences of the inappropriate operation and maintenance of ventilation systems in swimming pools. The study found that the causes of deterioration in the technical condition of the system which was operated in an environment with chlorine ions were: an inappropriate manufacture of its components and the wrong choice of construction materials for the given environment of operation. Furthermore, failure to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for the operation and maintenance of the components of the ventilation system greatly precipitated its degradation and the occurrence of sick building syndrome in the swimming pool. Solutions were found and proposed in order to improve the efficiency of the ventilation system in the given swimming-pool facility.

Rosie Phillips Bingham

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen A. Neville
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Student Development ◽  
Counseling Psychology ◽  
Leadership Skills ◽  
Life Narrative ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Innovation Leadership

Rosie Phillips Bingham has contributed to the field of counseling psychology and the broader discipline of psychology in myriad ways. She is nationally recognized for her innovation, leadership skills, and fundraising capabilities. She is also known for her commitment to student development and her caring mentoring approach. In this life narrative, the multiple factors influencing Rosie’s professional development are uncovered, as is her journey in becoming a self-assured psychologist who is committed to social justice and who has made a significant difference in individuals’ lives and in the profession.

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