scholarly journals Prevalence, sources and purpose of self-prescribed non-opioid analgesic among health professionals in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria: a cause for concern

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-17
Author(s):  
Catherine Fidelis ◽  
Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi ◽  
Johnson Olajolumo
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Hospital Pharmacy ◽  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Patent Medicine ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

AbstractBackground.Self-medication is defined as the use of medicines without a doctor’s prescription. The non-opioid analgesics (NOAs) constitute one of the most commonly self-prescribed drugs globally. This study aims to determine the prevalence of NOAs self-medication, and also explore the purpose and sources of the self-prescribed NOAs among health professionals in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria.Methods.Data obtained from a cross-section of 205 health professionals in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria, were used for this study. The study tool used was a well-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using the SPSS version 20 software.Results.Only 36.6% of the 205 subjects were within the age range of 26 to 30 years, 38.0% were nurses. The majority (85.9%) of the subjects had self-prescribed NOAs, of which 6.8% of them had a positive history treatment for NOA overdose. Patent medicine stores (43.0%) were reported to be the most common source of acquisition of self-prescribed NOAs. The majority (63.9%) of the subjects used NOAs to get relieved from headaches. Paracetamol (79.0%) and Diclofenac (65.9%) were the top two self-prescribed NOAs among the subjects.Conclusion.Non-opioid analgesic self-prescription is a popular practice among health professionals in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. All the various routes of access (e.g. hospital pharmacy) to NOAs need to be revisited in order to curb the irrational use of NOAs in Nigerian society.

scholarly journals Self-Medication Practices among Medical and Non-Medical Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (40) ◽  
pp. 2976-2980
Author(s):  
Isha Anwar ◽  
Krishna Minimol ◽  
Manjunath Narasimhaiah
Keyword(s):  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
Behavioural Patterns ◽  
Demographic Background ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

BACKGROUND Self-medication practice involves consumption of medicines by one’s own initiative or on the consultation of others without the guidance of a doctor. Self-medication and use of over-the-counter drugs, are worldwide health concerns. This study evaluated the prevalence, behavioural patterns, knowledge of self-medication, and the attitudes toward this practice among medical and nonmedical university students. METHODS This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among students with medical and non-medical backgrounds. A semi-structured questionnaire was constructed after reviewing literature to capture data regarding socio-demographic background, practice and knowledge of self-medication. RESULTS Out of a total of 98 students, 79.6 % of students practiced self-medication (medical - 77.5 % and non-medical - 85.2 %). The main reason for self-medication was convenience (50.8 %) and the choice of self-medication was based on their own experience (30.4 %) and previous doctors’ prescription (20.2 %). Community pharmacies (64.0 %) were the most common source of acquiring the drugs in both groups. It was observed that 53.1 % students think self-medication is an acceptable practice. 28.6% were confident of treating infectious diseases through selfmedication. CONCLUSIONS The present study shows a higher prevalence of self-medication among students. It also indicates a critical need for the implementation of quality education programs in order to prevent the self-medication among students. KEY WORDS Self-Medication, Medical, Non-Medical

Practices of Recycling Assistive Technology in Quebec

1999 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 229-239
Author(s):  
Claude Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Assistive Technology ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Commercial Sector ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The aim of this study was to document professional factors to be considered in implementing a provincial policy of recycling assistive technology in Quebec. A qualitative study was conducted with 22 experts from various sectors: health professionals (including occupational therapists), industry and community. They were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data collection also involved observing recycling practices and analyzing working documents. Implementation strategies were considered from the perspectives of health professionals, the commercial sector, users of assistive technology and government administrators. Factors that contribute to tension between occupational therapists and other players are discussed. It is recommended that occupational therapists take a united position on this issue such that their voices may have more weight in intersectoral collaborations.

scholarly journals Over the counter drug use: Assessing the perception of the community

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 3580-3584
Author(s):  
Shatakshi Lall ◽  
Nardev Singh
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Drug Fever ◽  
Otc Drugs ◽  
New Guidelines ◽  
Observational Descriptive Study ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The drugs that can be easily purchased from any medical store without prescription are known as “Non Prescription” drugs. Such non prescription drugs are used for self medication. Non Prescription drugs are commonly termed as “Over the counter” drugs. There is always certain degree of danger in consuming OTC drugs even though some people consider their use as completely safe. The study is designed with an objective to understand the pattern of Over the Counter drugs use in a locality of Dehradun by using a structured questionnaire. An Observational, Descriptive study was conducted. The data was collected using a Questionnaire. The present study was carried out in 350 participants. After analyzing the results it was found that 100% participants follow self medication and consume OTC drugs. The number of females (52%) were more as compared to males(48%). Paracetamol (62%) was the most commonly consumed OTC drug. Fever (37%) was the most common condition for which people use OTC drugs. The most general reason of practicing selfmedication that was reported in our study was easy convenience (23%). The study also concludes that the most common source of relevant information about OTC drugs were friends/relatives. (28%). The use of OTC drugs is fast increasing as they are easily available. However, poor awareness about their consumption end up in many side effects. This study will help gain knowledge about peoples perceptive which would ultimately help forming new guidelines for safer use of OTC drugs.

Professional Stress among Junior Commissioned Officers and Non Commissioned Officers of Indian Military Intelligence – A Case Study

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 133-145
Author(s):  
Dr. S. S. Nirmala ◽  
Dr. N. Kogila ◽  
T. Porkodi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Correlation Matrix ◽  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Military Intelligence ◽  
Sphericity Test ◽  
Professional Stress ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The present study is focusing on the professional stress on organisation among the Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs) and Non-Commissioned Officers (NCOs) of Indian Military Intelligence. 384 samples of Military Intelligence personnel will be taken for this study. Sources of data is Primary data include a structured questionnaire. Data was collected through structured questionnaire and measure through Likert’s scale, using KMO measure of sampling adequacy, Cronbach’s alpha for checking internal consistency, Bartlett sphericity test for testing the null hypothesis and various factor analysis including Eigenvalues, Extract square Sum loading, variance percent and Accumulation percent values relative comparison and Correlation matrix will be used as tools to arrive at desired results and statistical interpretations. The hypotheses put for test and the resultant values at 0.01 and 0.05 (for different factors) clearly indicated that there is an existence of association between different level of cadres and professional stress among personnel of Indian Military Intelligence. The authority who can formulate the rules and regulations and binding them on the lower cadres and professions to accept and adopt.

Transmodulation of Dopaminergic Signaling to Mitigate Hypodopminergia and Pharmaceutical Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 164-184
Author(s):  
Raymond Brewer ◽  
Kenneth Blum ◽  
Abdalla Bowirrat ◽  
Edward J. Modestino ◽  
David Baron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Analgesic ◽  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Deficiency Syndrome ◽  
Pain Tolerance ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Opioid Agonist Therapy ◽  
Analgesic Agents ◽  
Opioid Induced Hyperalgesia ◽  
Intensive Investigation

Neuroscientists and psychiatrists working in the areas of “pain and addiction” are asked in this perspective article to reconsider the current use of dopaminergic blockade (like chronic opioid agonist therapy), and instead to consider induction of dopamine homeostasis by putative pro-dopamine regulation. Pro-dopamine regulation could help pharmaceutical opioid analgesic agents to mitigate hypodopaminergia-induced hyperalgesia by inducing transmodulation of dopaminergic signaling. An optimistic view is that early predisposition to diagnosis based on genetic testing, (pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic monitoring), combined with appropriate urine drug screening, and treatment with pro-dopamine regulators, could conceivably reduce stress, craving, relapse, enhance well-being and attenuate unwanted hyperalgesia. These concepts require intensive investigation. However, based on the rationale provided herein, there is a good chance that combining opioid analgesics with genetically directed pro-dopamine-regulation using KB220 (supported by 43 clinical studies). This prodopamine regulator may become a front-line technology with the potential to overcome, in part, the current heightened rates of chronic opioid-induced hyperalgesia and concomitant Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) behaviors. Current research does support the hypothesis that low or hypodopaminergic function in the brain may predispose individuals to low pain tolerance or hyperalgesia.

scholarly journals Determining Orthodontic Knowledge and Awareness in Young Adults

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422110221
Author(s):  
Jyoti Mishra ◽  
Sudhir Kapoor ◽  
Jitendra Bhagchandani ◽  
Sonahita Agarwal ◽  
Vaibhav Vashishta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
Insignificant Difference ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Ethical Clearance ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Aim and Objective: To assess the level of awareness among local adult population (orthodontically untreated) regarding orthodontic treatment and procedures. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was planned by accessing 100 subjects comprising of 2 groups (50 male and 50 female). After due ethical clearance, a self-structured questionnaire consisting of 17 questions was given to a group of randomly selected 100 individuals with an age range of 20 to 30 years. Results: The overall awareness of orthodontics as a speciality among both the groups was only 52% to 56%. Statistically insignificant difference was found in the knowledge and awareness of orthodontic treatment among both male and female subjects, that is, Group I and II. Also, those who knew about the orthodontic treatment did not opt for it because of high cost and longer duration involved. Conclusion: More than half of the population is unaware of the scope of orthodontic treatment, and thus, they do not seek any assistance. Hence, more efforts are needed to create awareness about orthodontics and the associated benefits.

scholarly journals Profitability, Marketing Efficiency and Value Addition of Timber Industry in Ife East Local Government of Osun State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-595
Author(s):  
T.O. Babatunde ◽  
O.O. Babatunde ◽  
K.O. Babatunde ◽  
A.R. Aduloju ◽  
T. Oluwalana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Timber Industry ◽  
Marketing Efficiency ◽  
Total Profit ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Cost Of Transportation ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

The study focused on marketing and value of additions of timber in Ife East Local Government, Osun state Nigeria. Specifically, the study examined the market efficiency, determined the profitability of the timber business, examine the level of value addition and the constraints facing the timber industry. Data were collected with the use of primary and secondary data. Primary data needed for the study were generated from structured questionnaire. Fifteen sawmills were randomly selected and one hundred and fifty questionnaires were distributed to the timber marketer and furniture m firm. One hundred and forty eight were retrieved. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive and budgetary analyses. The result showed that males had the highest percentage (89.2%). Majority of the respondents were within the age range of 40 -50 years (83.8%) and most were married (81.8%) it was further revealed that (67.6%) had regular supply of their product and the means of transportation was lorry (44.6%). The study also revealed that benches with 42% added more value addition to the industry. It showed that the year 2013 had the highest efficiency with 2.6. The budgetary analysis showed that the average revenue for the industry for the year 2012-2018 ranged between N2, 285,108.45, 889,107.12. It also revealed that the total profit for the timber ranged between 7, 340, 54.59 and 2,304,897.47.government policy, inadequate facilities in the market, inadequate facilities in the market, inadequate credit facilities, inadequate power supply and high cost of transportation were some of the constraint faced by the timber industry in Ife East Local Government. Keywords; profitability, marketing efficiency, timber, value addition, industry

scholarly journals Understanding symptom appraisal and help-seeking in people with symptoms suggestive of pancreatic cancer: a qualitative study

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e015682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Mills ◽  
Linda Birt ◽  
Jon D Emery ◽  
Nicola Hall ◽  
Jonathan Banks ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Initial Symptom ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Gastrointestinal Conditions ◽  
Symptom Appraisal ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Specific Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Changes

ObjectivePancreatic cancer has poor survival rates due to non-specific symptoms leading to later diagnosis. Understanding how patients interpret their symptoms could inform approaches to earlier diagnosis. This study sought to explore symptom appraisal and help-seeking among patients referred to secondary care for symptoms suggestive of pancreatic cancer.DesignQualitative analysis of semistructured in-depth interviews. Data were analysed iteratively and thematically, informed by the Model of Pathways to Treatment.Participants and settingPancreatic cancer occurs rarely in younger adults, therefore patients aged ≥40 years were recruited from nine hospitals after being referred to hospital with symptoms suggestive of pancreatic cancer; all were participants in a cohort study. Interviews were conducted soon after referral, and where possible, before diagnosis.ResultsTwenty-six interviews were conducted (cancer n=13 (pancreas n=9, other intra-abdominal n=4), non-cancer conditions n=13; age range 48–84 years; 14 women). Time from first symptoms to first presentation to healthcare ranged from 1 day to 270 days, median 21 days. We identified three main themes. Initial symptom appraisal usually began with intermittent, non-specific symptoms such as tiredness or appetite changes, attributed to diet and lifestyle, existing gastrointestinal conditions or side effects of medication. Responses to initial symptom appraisal included changes in meal type or frequency, or self-medication. Symptom changes such as alterations in appetite and enjoyment of food or weight loss usually prompted further appraisal. Triggers to seek help included a change or worsening of symptoms, particularly pain, which was often a ‘tipping point’. Help-seeking was often encouraged by others. We found no differences in symptom appraisal and help-seeking between people diagnosed with cancer and those with other conditions.ConclusionsGreater public and healthcare professional awareness of the combinations of subtle and intermittent symptoms, and their evolving nature, is needed to prompt timelier help-seeking and investigation among people with symptoms of pancreatic cancer.

scholarly journals Self-medication with antibiotics in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Negarandeh ◽  
Shah Jahan Shayan ◽  
Rajab Nazari ◽  
BSc. Frank Kiwanuka ◽  
MSc. Sanaz Akhavan Rad
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
World Health ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Inappropriate Use

Abstract Background Recently, inappropriate use of antibiotics has been correlated with life-threatening side-effects such as adverse effects, increased cost of treatment, and the higher rate of microbial resistance. Besides, it leads to a waste of resources. Therefore, this review sought to determine the pooled prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics, self-medicated illness, reasons for self-medication, antibiotics used for self-medication, source of obtaining antibiotics, the inappropriate practice of antibiotics and suggested recommendations for talking self-medication with antibiotics in the Eastern Mediterranean Region of the World Health Organization (EMRWHO). Methods Review conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) statement. Database search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science using a combination of keywords which included; antimicrobial, antibacterial, antibiotic, self-medication, self-treatment, self-prescription, non-prescribed, irrational use, inappropriate use, misuse, abuse and Eastern Mediterranean Region of WHO countries. The lists of references of the selected articles were also hand-searched to obtained additional relevant articles. Studies published in English from 2000 to 2018 were included in the review. Results We report on data from 60 articles and 49629 participants in this review. The overall prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics in EMRWHO was 47.2% (95% CI 41.6% – 52.9%). Yemen has the highest pooled rate with a rate of 75.0% (95% CI 63.4% − 83.9%), whilst Lebanon has the lowest pooled rate with a prevalence of 28.7% (95% CI 18.4% − 41.8%). The most common illnesses implicated in antibiotic self-medication were upper-respiratory infections and the most common antibiotic was Amoxicillin-Clavulanic acid. The commonest reasons for antibiotic self-medication include: saving time and money. Pharmacies pointed out as the most common source of obtaining antibiotics for self-medication. Conclusion Self-medication with antibiotics is significantly high in the member states of EMRWHO. Intervention such as an educational program for communities’ members to change their behaviors, policy on the mechanism of distribution of antibiotics is called for in this area.

scholarly journals Deep Neck Space Infections in Northern Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 265-270
Author(s):  
Theophilus Adjeso ◽  
Mawutor Dzogbefia ◽  
Edem Kojo Dzantor
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Northern Ghana ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Odontogenic Infections ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Lethal Complications ◽  
Deep Neck Space Infections ◽  
Hospital Stays ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Tamale Teaching Hospital

Background: Deep neck space infections (DNSI) continue to pose a challenge due to its potentially lethal complications that can arise despite the reduced prevalence as a result of widespread antibiotic use and improved dental care. We conducted a review of our experience with DNSI at the Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) Unit, Tamale Teaching Hospital (TTH). Materials and Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients hospitalized with a diagnosis DNSI at the ENT Unit, TTH from January 2013 to June 2020. Parameters analyzed included the age and sex distribution of patients, source of infection, sites involved, duration of admission and outcomes. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 20.0 (Chicago, IBM 2010). Results: The study involved 135 cases of DNSIs with age range of 5 months to 76 years (35.7± 19.0 years). Majority of the DNSIs cases occurred within the third decade of life and slightly more common among males (50.4%). The duration of hospital stays ranged from a day to 41 days (10.1± 8.2 days). Multi-space abscesses were the most common diagnosed DNSIs with odontogenic infections (63%) being the most common source of DNSIs. Majority (83.7%) of the patients were successfully treated with a mortality rate of 12.6%. Conclusion: DNSIs was most common among males with patients in their third decade most affected. Odontogenic infections were the most common source of DNSI with multi-space abscesses being the most common presentation. Majority of the patients were treated successfully.

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