Interaction in Assessment-Oriented Role Play: A Conversation Analytic Approach

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Hu
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Interactional Competence ◽  
Strategic Competence ◽  
Collaborative Task ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
Pair Work

AbstractTo date, only a handful of studies have investigated the interlocutor effects on peer-peer test discourse, and they focus almost exclusively on the paired format in the Cambridge speaking tests, which is mostly a discussion type collaborative task. In the oral English test administered by a Chinese university under the present study, role-play is a major test type. This study chose for analysis three out of over 100 video recordings of test takers participating in roleplay- based interaction. The author adopted conversation analysis (CA) and Young’s (2000) constructivist, practice-oriented view of interaction and competence to assist the interpretation of speech exchange throughout the interaction. It is evident from the data that learners make use of various interactional resources and employ different strategies in the assessmentbased role play. It could be tentatively concluded from the conversation analysis of the paired interaction that the interaction framework together with the participants’ strategic competence in negotiating their own interactional resources, to a great extent, determines their joint performance of the collaborative task. The configuration of pairing in terms of proficiency is found to have an impact on joint interaction performance and strategic use. The implications of the current study include: interactional competence could be more readily accessed via role play than discussion type of pair work; qualitative conversation analysis of test takers’ actual practices can reveal what quantitative methods are unable to detect, and therefore is an indispensable complement.

The interactional use of eye-gaze in children with autism spectrum disorders

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terhi Korkiakangas ◽  
John Rae
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Eye Gaze ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Interactional Competence ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The Social ◽  
Spectrum Disorders ◽  
Social Use

The well-known impairments in the social use of eye-gaze by children with autism have been chiefly explored through experimental methods. The present study aims to contribute to the naturalistic analysis of social eye-gaze by applying Conversation Analysis to video recordings of three Finnish children with a diagnosis of autism, each interacting with familiar others in ordinary settings (total 6 hours). The analysis identifies two interactional environments where some children with autism show eye-gaze related competence with respect to gazing at their co-participants: these are when the child carries out an initiating action or a responsive action. We discuss how this qualitative analysis of interactional structure could be extended using quantitative methods and eye-tracking technology in order to develop a better understanding of the disorder. Keywords: Autism; eye-gaze; conversation analysis; social interaction; interactional competence

The types and functions of humor in the work of a United States Senator

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Cora Garcia
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Interactional Competence ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Political Roles ◽  
United States Senator ◽  
News Interviews

Abstract This study investigates the role interactional competence plays in the performance of political roles by examining the use of humor in events such as speeches, election campaign rallies, press briefings and televised news interviews. In this case study of a prominent United States Senator (the late Senator Edward Kennedy), twenty publically available video recordings from the C-SPAN online archives are analyzed using a conversation analytic approach. Two main types of humor were found in these data, self-deprecatory humor and humor that criticizes others. Three main functions of humor were identified (subtle self-promotion, managing challenging political and interactional situations, and creating solidarity with an audience). The results of this study contribute to our understanding of how humor can play a role in doing the work of a Senator.

scholarly journals Managing proposal sequences in role-play assessment: Validity evidence of interactional competence across levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soo Jung Youn
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Shared Understanding ◽  
Validity Evidence ◽  
Interactional Competence ◽  
Speaking Assessment ◽  
Play Interaction ◽  
Interactional Features

This qualitative study reports an investigation of the nature of interactional competence at various levels of achievement in the context of role-play speaking assessment. The focal point of this study is on how examinees jointly accomplish the interactional work involved in proposal sequences in role-play interaction. Based on a conversation analysis of a corpus of role-play interaction, I argue that distinct sequential organizations and interactional features found across examinees’ levels serve as critical validity evidence for assessing interactional competence. Various shift markers and stepwise transitions were present in higher-level examinees when they initiated and shifted actions in role-play interaction. However, lower-level examinees’ opening turns were typically forwarded without establishing a shared understanding relevant to an upcoming action. When the examinees responded to various proposal sequences, coherent and sufficient topic organizations were recurrent in higher-level performances. The examinees, regardless of levels, managed to close the role-play interaction well. I discuss the implications of the demonstrated link between the recurrent interactional features and examinees’ interactional competence for future research into speaking assessment and teaching.

Communicative constructions of space in epistemic asymmetry: The case of German-Chinese university placement interviews

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina König ◽  
Qiang Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Students ◽  
Analytic Approach ◽  
Cultural Resources ◽  
Chinese University ◽  
Academic Communication ◽  
Epistemic Asymmetry ◽  
German Universities

AbstractPlacement interviews have become an important discourse genre at universities as they decide about access to social, monetary, or cultural resources. Despite their importance, hardly any linguistic studies deal with this particular discourse genre in academic communication. Using a conversation-analytic approach, we analyze a corpus of placement interviews in which representatives of a German university interview Chinese students applying for a study year at the German university. We examine how Chinese applicants present their second-hand knowledge about Germany and German universities in a conversation with university representatives who have first-hand knowledge about these spaces, i. e., we investigate how interviewers and interviewees deal with epistemic asymmetry when they construct and talk about academic spaces in China and Germany. While some aspects of German academia are situated in

Conversation and Culture

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Floyd
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Sequential Analysis ◽  
Contemporary Literature ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Methods ◽  
Language Studies ◽  
Speech Communities

Conversation analysis is a method for the systematic study of interaction in terms of a sequential turn-taking system. Research in conversation analysis has traditionally focused on speakers of English, and it is still unclear to what extent the system observed in that research applies to conversation more generally around the world. However, as this method is now being applied to conversation in a broader range of languages, it is increasingly possible to address questions about the nature of interactional diversity across different speech communities. The approach of pragmatic typology first applies sequential analysis to conversation from different speech communities and then compares interactional patterns in ways analogous to how traditional linguistic typology compares morphosyntax. This article discusses contemporary literature in pragmatic typology, including single-language studies and multilanguage comparisons reflecting both qualitative and quantitative methods. This research finds that microanalysis of face-to-face interaction can identify both universal trends and culture-specific interactional tendencies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Anthropology, Volume 50 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Walking through the city soundscape: an audio-visual analysis of sensory experience for people with psychosis

2022 ◽  
pp. 147035722110526
Author(s):  
Sara Merlino ◽  
Lorenza Mondada ◽  
Ola Söderström
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This article discusses how an aspect of urban environments – sound and noise – is experienced by people walking in the city; it particularly focuses on atypical populations such as people diagnosed with psychosis, who are reported to be particularly sensitive to noisy environments. Through an analysis of video-recordings of naturalistic activities in an urban context and of video-elicitations based on these recordings, the study details the way participants orient to sound and noise in naturalistic settings, and how sound and noise are reported and reexperienced during interviews. By bringing together urban context, psychosis and social interaction, this study shows that, thanks to video recordings and conversation analysis, it is possible to analyse in detail the multimodal organization of action (talk, gesture, gaze, walking bodies) and of the sensory experience(s) of aural factors, as well as the way this organization is affected by the ecology of the situation.

The moral construction of worry about radiation exposure: Emotion, knowledge, and tests

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aug Nishizaka
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Exposure ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Internal Exposure ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Communication Tool ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Moral Construction ◽  
Fukushima Disaster ◽  
Do So

In the analysis of video recordings of the interactions between a doctor and the examinees following internal radiation exposure tests at a hospital in Fukushima Prefecture, I explore how the participants address one of the most serious consequences of the Fukushima disaster, that is, their concerns about radioactive materials. To do so, this study employs conversation analysis. The doctor’s presentation of the test results provides the examinees with a place to express relief and also makes relevant the justification work related to the expression of relief. In conclusion, I consider how the internal exposure tests also function as a communication tool in the context in which residents from affected areas face potential difficulties in expressing their worry about radiation.

scholarly journals Rules at Play: Correcting Projectable Violations of Who Plays Next

Human Studies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanna Svensson ◽  
Burak S. Tekin
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Practical Problem ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
The Social ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Interactional Perspective ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

AbstractThis study examines the situated use of rules and the social practices people deploy to correct projectable rule violations in pétanque playing activities. Drawing on Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis, and using naturally occurring video recordings, this article investigates socially organized occasions of rule use, and more particularly how rules for turn-taking at play are reflexively established in and through interaction. The alternation of players in pétanque is dependent on and consequential for the progressivity of the game and it is a practical problem for the players when a participant projects to break a rule of “who plays next”. The empirical analysis shows that formulating rules is a practice for indicating and correcting incipient violations of who plays next, which retrospectively invoke and establish the situated expectations that constitute the game as that particular game. Focusing on the anticipative corrections of projectable violations of turn-taking rules, this study revisits the concept of rules, as they are played into being, from a social and interactional perspective. We argue and demonstrate that rules are not prescriptions of game conduct, but resources that reflexively render the players’ conducts intelligible as playing the game they are engaging in.

scholarly journals The Embodiment of Consumer Knowledge

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Business School ◽  
Associate Editor ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Consumer Knowledge ◽  
Art Gallery ◽  
Organization Studies ◽  
Video Recordings

Abstract Nick Llewellyn is professor of organization studies, Warwick Business School, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL, United Kingdom ([email protected]). More information can be found at the author’s website (https://sites.google.com/site/llewellynnick/home). Thanks to Hugh Wilson, Davide Nicolini and Katharina Dittrich for their support with this work. Thanks also to the reviewers and Associate Editor for providing clear and insightful guidance throughout. An investigation into the embodiment of consumer knowledge is presented, drawing on ethnomethodology and the allied field of conversation analysis. Analysing video recordings of 189 service encounters at the ticket desk of an art gallery, the study explores the embodiment of consumer knowledge, how consumer knowledge is witnessable from quotidian details of customers’ embodied conduct, how they talk, move their bodies, gesture, handle objects, and cast their gaze. Consumer knowledge is shown to be socially organized, with social considerations informing what customer should know, and how customers’ faulty assertions and claims should be treated. In the way firms approach consumer knowledge, the paper describes how they might create or undermine interactive value. The article breaks new ground by demonstrating that consumer knowledge is relevant for understanding the actions of consumers, not only as a result of cognitive processes, but also because it is embodied.

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