Demonstratives as indicators of interactional focus: Spatial and social dimensions of Spanish esta and esa

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-514 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi Shin ◽  
Luis Hinojosa-Cantú ◽  
Barbara Shaffer ◽  
Jill P. Morford
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Physical Space ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Interaction Type ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Linguistic Framework

AbstractThis paper adopts a cognitive linguistic framework to explore the influence of spatial and social factors on the use of Spanish demonstratives esta ‘this’ and esa ‘that’. Twenty adult Spanish speakers in Monterrey, Mexico, were asked questions prompting the selection of puzzle pieces for placement in a 25-piece puzzle located in the shared space between the participant and an addressee. Although participants were not explicitly instructed to produce demonstratives, the need to identify specific puzzle pieces naturally elicited a total of 523 tokens of esta and esa. Analyses of the distribution of esta versus esa show that demonstratives are not used in a categorical manner to mark differences in physical space. Although participants tended to produce proximal esta for referents near the speaker, both esta and esa were used for referents further from the speaker and closer to the addressee. Participants’ demonstrative selection was also influenced by interaction type: intersubjective misalignment between speakers promoted the use of proximal esta, whereas intersubjective alignment promoted the use of distal esa. These results support the view that nominal grounding is an intersubjective activity. Physical and social factors jointly shape speakers’ construal of the developing co-constructed communicative event as a whole, leading to increasingly variable usage of demonstratives as the referent is more distant both spatially and intersubjectively from the speaker.

Letter Verbal Fluency in Spanish-, Basque-, and Catalan-Speaking Individuals: Does the Selection of the Letters Influence the Outcome?

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (7) ◽  
pp. 2400-2410
Author(s):  
Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa ◽  
Itziar Benito-Sánchez ◽  
Montserrat Alegret ◽  
Anna Gailhajanet ◽  
Esther Landa Torre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Frontal Lobe ◽  
Verbal Fluency ◽  
Native Language ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Crucial Step ◽  
Verbal Fluency Test ◽  
Performance Differences ◽  
Frontal Lobe Functioning ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Fluency Test

Purpose The aim of this study was to compare Basque and Catalan bilinguals' performance on the letter verbal fluency test and determine whether significant differences are present depending on the letters used and the language of administration. Method The sample consisted of 87 Spanish monolinguals, 139 Basque bilinguals, and 130 Catalan bilinguals from Spain. Participants completed the letter verbal fluency test using the letters F, A, S, M, R, P, and E. Results Bilinguals scored higher on the letter verbal fluency test when they were tested in Spanish than in Basque or Catalan. No performance differences were found according to native language or dialects within Basque participants. Catalans with Spanish as their native language scored lower on the letter F compared to those who grew up speaking Catalan and Spanish. The suggested letters to use with Basque speakers are A, E, and B; the suggested letters to use with Catalan speakers are P, F, and M; and the suggested letters to use with Spanish speakers are M, R, and P. Conclusion Selecting appropriate stimuli depending on the language of testing is the first crucial step to assess verbal fluency and thus possible frontal lobe functioning impairment.

scholarly journals Effect of Employer Brand Image on Application Intentions of Final Year Management Undergraduates: Unfolding Employer Branding Determinants

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
SRM Jayasinghe
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Corporate Image ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Development Economic ◽  
Social Dimensions ◽  
Employer Branding ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Area of the StudyAs a significant determinant of the competitiveness and effectiveness of the entity, this study is to discuss what attributes of employer or determinants of Employer Branding (EB) are paramount for the attraction of final year management undergraduates towards the employer in Sri Lanka. Problem of the Study Theoretical and empirical gap of the knowledge available, especially in Sri Lanka with regard to determinants of EB which effect to the selection of future employer of the final year management undergraduates. Method of the study For the purpose of the study, data were collected from a randomly selected 300 final year management undergraduate students from 03 government universities in Sri Lanka by administrating a structured questionnaire, which consisted of 32 questions/statements with 7 point scale. The data analysis included the univariate and bivariate analyses. Findings of the Study The findings of the study are undergraduates more concern over the development, economic and social dimensions when they choose their future employer. The preference over the factors does not have significant impact based on the gender while there is significant differences of perceptions occur on factors of EB based on the level of academic achievement of the students. Furthermore the preferences over the EB factors have some differences based on the academic institution. Female students more prefer to be employed in public sector than the private sector compared to the male students. Conclusion of the Study It is concluded that in order to attract young talented graduates towards the employer, the organization must have a climate which fulfill the developmental, social and economic needs of the employees. Keywords: Employer Branding, Application Intension, Job Appealing Decision, Potential employees, Corporate Image

Moving yet being still: exploring source domain reversal and force in explanations of enlightenment

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (02) ◽  
pp. 310-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER RICHARDSON ◽  
CHARLES M. MUELLER
Keyword(s):  
Figurative Language ◽  
Ultimate Reality ◽  
The Other ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Domain Reversal ◽  
Linguistic Framework

abstractBuddhist and Hindu discourse often juxtapose statements about the inexpressibility of ultimate reality with descriptions drawing on metaphor and paradox. This raises the question of how particular types of metaphor fulfill the role of expressing what is believed to be inexpressible. The current study employs a cognitive linguistic framework to examine how modern Buddhist and Hindu religious teachers use metaphor to talk about enlightenment. Adopting a usage-based approach focusing on how figurative language is recontexualized by the same speaker within a stretch of discourse, the study identifies a recurrent pattern within the discourse on enlightenment that consists of four elements. The first is source domain reversal, which we define as a speaker making use of a particular source domain to refer to a target, and then later, in the same discourse segment, using a source domain with a seemingly opposite meaning to refer to the same target. The other three involve a movement from force to object-based schemas, from the perceived revelation of more conventional to deeper truths, and from description of a process to description of a state. We conclude by briefly discussing our findings within the context of research on apophatic discourse in other religions.

Creative noun–noun compounds

2005 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 250-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Réka Benczes
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Semantic Relationship ◽  
Cognitive Linguistic ◽  
Noun Compounds ◽  
Regular Patterns ◽  
Linguistic Framework

The paper makes the following novel claims: (1) the semantics of noun–noun compounds which is activated by metaphor and/or metonymy (often termed as “exocentric” compounds in linguistics and generally regarded as semantically opaque) can be accounted for within a cognitive linguistic framework, and the term “creative compound” is proposed for such linguistic phenomena; (2) there are regular patterns of creative compounds, depending on which constituent is affected by conceptual metaphor and/or metonymy. The second part of the paper presents one type of creative compounds: noun–noun combinations whose meaning is influenced by a metaphor-based semantic relationship between the two constituents. Such compounds seem to be quite frequent in English and come in all sorts of shapes and sizes: ranging from the “simpler” cases of image metaphors to the more elaborate single scope blends. The paper will give examples of the various types and will provide detailed analyses of each, within a cognitive linguistic framework.

scholarly journals AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF VARIATION IN SPANISH DIMINUTIVES.

Dialectologia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ellingson EDDINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Base Word ◽  
Country Specific

In an online survey, 656 Spanish speakers from 21 countries were asked to select between the long and short diminutive forms of 100 base words (e.g. novio > novito, noviecito). The influence of the base word, the base word’s frequency, and the country of origin, gender, age, and educational level of the speakers were assessed. The most salient finding is that words have different diminutive forms depending on the country the speaker is from. However, a great deal of variation exists within each country, and few participants prefer the same diminutive form for all base words with a similar structure. Moreover, the influence of age, gender, and educational level is also apparent for certain classes of words. Country-specific analyses of the data from Spain and Mexico were also performed which confirms the influence of social factors on diminutivization.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP PRIA PRODUKTIF TERHADAP METODE KONTRASEPSI VASEKTOMI

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Ariyanto Ariyanto ◽  
Nurfitriani Nurfitriani
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sample Number ◽  
Know How ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minor Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Selection Of

Vasectomy is an alternative method of contraception for men who do not want to have children anymore by undergoing minor surgery to stop male reproductive capacity. The method of this research is quantitative analytical with cross sectional design, sample number of KK 50 samples, sampling using puporsive sampling. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, univariate data analysis. The results showed that the knowledge was 100% did not know the social factors that influence the selection of contraception, 11 respondents (22.0%) did not know what advantage in choosing the method of vasectomy contraception, 18% do not know how many children are allowed to use vasectomy contraception and 16.0 % who do not know the age of husbands who may use vasectomy contraception, productive man attitude there are 36.0% hesitated that vasectomy contraception is a safe and effective birth control for couples of childbearing age, 44.0% hesitant to use vasectomy contraception did not affect subsequent sexual relations, 90.0%  hesitant to use vasectomy contraception is not against religion,  60,0% hesitate contraception vase ktomi may reduce the desire for sexual intercourse (libido), 56.0% doubt the use of vasectomy does not result in men become impotent (not male), and 56.0% hesitant men who became vasectomy acceptors can ejaculate (semen discharge).

scholarly journals Multimedia Storytelling Methodology: Notes on Access and Inclusion in Neoliberal Times

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Rice ◽  
Ingrid Mündel
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Digital Art ◽  
Shared Space ◽  
Individual Voice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Made In

In this article, the authors examine the impact of using their evolving multimedia storytelling method (digital art and video) to challenge dominant representations of non-normative bodies and foster more inclusive spaces. Drawing on their collaborative work with disability and non-normatively embodied artists and communities, they investigate the challenges of negotiating what ‘access’ and ‘inclusion’ mean beyond the individualizing discourses of neoliberalism without erasing the specificities of differentially-lived experiences. Reflecting on their experiences in a variety of workshops and on a selection of videos made in those workshops, they identify and analyze three iterative ‘movements’ that mark their storytelling processes: from failure to vulnerability, from time to temporality, and from individual voice to collective concerns. The authors end by considering some of the ways they have experimented with developing an iterative workshop method that welcomes difference while simultaneously allowing for an examination of the terms of the shared space and of the mechanisms of inclusion and exclusion operating within that space.

scholarly journals The Perception of Postalveolar English Obstruents by Spanish Speakers Learning English as a Foreign Language in Mexico

Languages ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
Mariela López Velarde ◽  
Miquel Simonet
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
English Learners ◽  
Spanish Speakers ◽  
Complementary Distribution ◽  
Word Categorization ◽  
Average Accuracy ◽  
Northwestern Mexico ◽  
Native Dialect ◽  
Learning English

The present study deals with the perception (identification and discrimination) of an English phonemic contrast (/t∫/–/∫/, as in cheat and sheet) by speakers of two Mexican varieties of Spanish who are learning English as a foreign language. Unlike English, Spanish does not contrast /t∫/ and /∫/ phonemically. Most Spanish varieties have [t∫], but not [∫]. In northwestern Mexico, [∫] and [t∫] find themselves in a situation of “free” variation—perhaps conditioned, to some extent, by social factors, but not in complementary distribution. In this variety, [∫] and [t∫] are variants of the same phoneme. The present study compares the perceptual behavior of English learners from northwestern Mexico, with that of learners from central Mexico, whose native dialect includes only [t∫]. The results of a word-categorization task show that both groups of learners find cheat and sheet difficult to identify in the context of each other, but that, relative to the other learner group, the group of learners in northwestern Mexico find this task to be particularly challenging. The results of a categorical discrimination task show that both learner groups find the members of the /t∫/–/∫/ contrast difficult to discriminate. On average, accuracy is lower for the group of learners in northwestern Mexico than it is for the central Mexicans. The findings suggest that the phonetic variants found in one’s native dialect modulate the perception of nonnative sounds and, consequently, that people who speak different regional varieties of the same language may face different obstacles when learning the sounds of their second language.

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