De la fictionnalisation du génocide rwandais à la stylisation de l’éthique de la non-violence : Souveraine Magnifique d’Eugène Ébodé

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Pierre Suzanne Eyenga Onana
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
Historical Discourse ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Can we assume that the rewriting of the Rwandan genocide from April to July 1994 may alternatively have a moralizing role in the sense of educating readers about the atrocities suffered by the warring parties ? Based on sociocriticism as the framework theorized by Edmond Cros and Pierre Barbéris, this study identifies the literary and ethical issues crystallized in Eugene Ébodé’s writing frame for the purposes of filling the gap left in memory by a reductive historical discourse. In particular, it unravels the relationship between historical characters and their literary double, with a view to postulating that the fictionalization of historical events sometimes proves to be an artistic alteration that reveals the nonviolent nature of interhuman contacts.

Editor’s Pick: Regulatory and Ethical Issues in the New Era of Radiomics and Radiogenomics

EMJ Radiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Filippo Pesapane
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
New Era ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Disease Characteristics ◽  
The Future ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Radiomics is a science that investigates a large number of features from medical images using data-characterisation algorithms, with the aim to analyse disease characteristics that are indistinguishable to the naked eye. Radiogenomics attempts to establish and examine the relationship between tumour genomic characteristics and their radiologic appearance. Although there is certainly a lot to learn from these relationships, one could ask the question: what is the practical significance of radiogenomic discoveries? This increasing interest in such applications inevitably raises numerous legal and ethical questions. In an environment such as the technology field, which changes quickly and unpredictably, regulations need to be timely in order to be relevant.  In this paper, issues that must be solved to make the future applications of this innovative technology safe and useful are analysed.

scholarly journals Ethical Issues in Consent for the Reuse of Data in Health Data Platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex McKeown ◽  
Miranda Mourby ◽  
Paul Harrison ◽  
Sophie Walker ◽  
Mark Sheehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Contract ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Personalised Medicine ◽  
Data Reuse ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
The Social ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractData platforms represent a new paradigm for carrying out health research. In the platform model, datasets are pooled for remote access and analysis, so novel insights for developing better stratified and/or personalised medicine approaches can be derived from their integration. If the integration of diverse datasets enables development of more accurate risk indicators, prognostic factors, or better treatments and interventions, this obviates the need for the sharing and reuse of data; and a platform-based approach is an appropriate model for facilitating this. Platform-based approaches thus require new thinking about consent. Here we defend an approach to meeting this challenge within the data platform model, grounded in: the notion of ‘reasonable expectations’ for the reuse of data; Waldron’s account of ‘integrity’ as a heuristic for managing disagreement about the ethical permissibility of the approach; and the element of the social contract that emphasises the importance of public engagement in embedding new norms of research consistent with changing technological realities. While a social contract approach may sound appealing, however, it is incoherent in the context at hand. We defend a way forward guided by that part of the social contract which requires public approval for the proposal and argue that we have moral reasons to endorse a wider presumption of data reuse. However, we show that the relationship in question is not recognisably contractual and that the social contract approach is therefore misleading in this context. We conclude stating four requirements on which the legitimacy of our proposal rests.

scholarly journals Ethical dimension of circle Integrative Community Therapy on qualitative research

2014 ◽  
Vol 48 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Paula Renata Miranda dos Santos ◽  
Elisangela Cerencovich ◽  
Laura Filomena Santos de Araújo ◽  
Roseney Bellato ◽  
Sonia Ayako Tao Maruyama
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Social Research ◽  
Ethical Dimension ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Health Council ◽  
Care Guidelines ◽  
The Relationship

This study discusses ethical issues in research involving human beings and seeks to understand the relationship between qualitative research and the ethical care guidelines for Integrative Community Therapy (ICT) circles based on Resolution 466/12 of the National Health Council of the Ministry of Health of Brazil. This is documentary research, which analyzed Resolution 466/12 and ICT circles seeking to make a connection between the ethical guidelines contained in both. The analysis of the corpus was directed toward the construction of the following results: the person's perception, cultural diversity and community. It also brings in consideration of the influence of the ethical dimension of the ICT circles on qualitative research. We conclude that ICT circles are innovative in the sense of the diversity of participants and respect for cultural and social differences. Thus, ICT circles promote acquisition of quality information for social research as well as compliance with the ethical guidelines outlined in Resolution No. 466/12.

scholarly journals Computer knows best? The need for value-flexibility in medical AI

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosalind J McDougall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Shared Decision Making ◽  
Patient Autonomy ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Shared Decision ◽  
Treatment Decision Making ◽  
Value Judgements ◽  
The Relationship

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being developed for use in medicine, including for diagnosis and in treatment decision making. The use of AI in medical treatment raises many ethical issues that are yet to be explored in depth by bioethicists. In this paper, I focus specifically on the relationship between the ethical ideal of shared decision making and AI systems that generate treatment recommendations, using the example of IBM’s Watson for Oncology. I argue that use of this type of system creates both important risks and significant opportunities for promoting shared decision making. If value judgements are fixed and covert in AI systems, then we risk a shift back to more paternalistic medical care. However, if designed and used in an ethically informed way, AI could offer a potentially powerful way of supporting shared decision making. It could be used to incorporate explicit value reflection, promoting patient autonomy. In the context of medical treatment, we need value-flexible AI that can both respond to the values and treatment goals of individual patients and support clinicians to engage in shared decision making.

Virtuous Business Intelligence

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil McBride
Keyword(s):  
Balanced Scorecard ◽  
Business Intelligence ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Corporate Ethics ◽  
The Relationship

This paper examines three approaches to ethics and focuses on the development of character and the practice of virtue in business intelligence (BI). The paper describes BI as a tool for mediating the relationships between pairs of stakeholders such as management and customer. Three aspects of the relationship which benefit ethically from the practice of virtues are discussed: the purpose of the BI, the prejudices behind the BI and the power of the stakeholders. The connection between the ethics of BI and the corporate ethics is discussed. Without the practice of virtues, BI may be recruited to support corporate vices of exploitation, exposure, exclusion, coercion, control and concealment. The paper seeks to highlight the importance of ethical issues in BI practice and suggests the development of an ethical balanced scorecard as a vehicle for developing ethical senstitivity.

scholarly journals Ethical climate in a Belgian psychiatric inpatient setting: relation with burnout and engagement in psychiatric nurses

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 443
Author(s):  
Astrid Faelens ◽  
Marleen Claeys ◽  
Bernard Sabbe ◽  
Didier Schrijvers ◽  
Patrick Luyten
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Turnover Intention ◽  
Ethical Climate ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Psychiatric Inpatient ◽  
Psychiatric Nurses ◽  
Inpatient Setting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Burden ◽  
The Relationship

Research suggests a relation between the ethical climate – that is, the organisational conditions and practices that affect the way ethical issues with regard to patient care are discussed and decided - and job satisfaction of nurses. Yet no study to date has investigated the relationship between ethical climate and job satisfaction in psychiatric nurses. This study aimed to address this critical gap in our knowledge by investigating the relationships among ethical climate and features of both burnout and engagement based on the Job Demands-Resources Model (JD - R model) in a large cross-sectional study of 265 nurses working in a large psychiatric inpatient hospital in Flanders, Belgium. Correlational and multiple hierarchical regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between ethical climate, burnout and engagement. In addition, based on the JD-R model, we also investigated whether engagement mediated the relationship between ethical climate on the one hand and job satisfaction and turnover intention on the other and whether ethical climate moderated the relationship between emotional burden and burnout. Results showed that a positive ethical climate was related to lower levels of emotional exhaustion and distancing and higher levels of engagement and job satisfaction. Furthermore, although ethical climate did not buffer against the effects of emotional burden on burnout, higher levels of engagement explained in part the relationship between ethical climate and job satisfaction.

Figures of Memory

2019 ◽  
pp. 51-62
Author(s):  
Farriba Schulz
Keyword(s):  
Text And Image ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Holocaust Education ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Addition ◽  
Historical Photographs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Journal Entries ◽  
Graphic Interpretation ◽  
Anne Frank

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below] Als global bekanntes Erinnerungsnarrativ nimmt Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank (erste deutsche Fassung 1950) einen bedeutenden Part in der Holocaust Education ein. Dabei beteiligt sich die grafische Adaption von Ari Folmans und David Polonskys Das Tagebuch der Anne Frank. Graphic Diary (2017) auf zweierlei Art am Fortschreiben des kulturellen Gedächtnisses; einerseits in seiner Geformtheit durch die Publikation selbst und darüber hinaus in seiner Organisiertheit aufgrund der institutionalisierten Kommunikation (vgl. Assmann 1988, S. 12). Figures of MemoryAnne Frank’s Diary between Text and Image, Word and Symbol Anne Frank’s Diary: The Graphic Interpretation by Ari Folman and David Polonsky (2017) is a recent addition to a sequence of editions that have shaped the perception of Anne Frank’s story. At the same time, the ethics and aesthetics of remembrance have been consistently discussed. These discussions have been fueled by discourses on memory as well as by the reimagination of the past by new generations. As Marianne Hirsch states »Postmemory’s connection to the past is [...] actually mediated not by recall but by imaginative investment, projection, and creation« (Hirsch 2012). Ari Folman and David Polonsky work with those imaginative approaches and reshape historical events on the visual and the verbal narrative levels. As with Waltz with Bashir (2009), on which Folman and Polonsky collaborated successfully as author and illustrator, Anne Frank’s Diary is also an extraordinary testimony of war based on extensive research. Intermedial references, such as historical photographs, documentaries and journal entries add authenticity to Anne Frank’s Diary: The Graphic Interpretation and lead the reader on a journey back in time. This article discusses the relationship between the visual representation of memory in the Diary and how it goes about narrating the story, and it examines this graphic novel’s potential for shaping and reshaping the reader’s perception of history.

Fostering medical staff reflection on the technological alienation of parents in the NICU

2021 ◽  
pp. 147775092110618
Author(s):  
Abram Brummett ◽  
Annie B. Friedrich
Keyword(s):  
Medical Staff ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Treatment Refusal ◽  
Healthy Newborn ◽  
Incurable Condition ◽  
Life Sustaining Treatment ◽  
Terminal Diagnosis ◽  
The Relationship

We describe a case of parents refusing a tracheostomy for an otherwise healthy newborn. The refusal was not honored because permitting the refusal would have violated state law, which required a child to have a qualifying condition (e.g. a terminal diagnosis, permanent unconsciousness, incurable condition with severe suffering) to remove or withhold life-sustaining treatment. However, this case strained the relationship between the parents and medical staff, who worried about sending the newborn home with a tracheostomy where she was not wanted. While many ethical issues arise in treatment refusal cases like this, we focus on the opportunity for ethicists to help the medical staff reflect on the technological alienation of the parents, which may help foster empathy, reduce moral distress, and strengthen the quality of the doctor-parent-patient triad.

Conclusion

2016 ◽  
pp. 191-204
Author(s):  
Nicki Hitchcott
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Rwandan Genocide ◽  
The Many

In the conclusion, Hitchcott reaffirms the notion that the reader of Rwandan genocide fiction is forced to examine their own positon and response, as well as those of others, in relation to the genocide, whether that is as a tourist, witness, survivor, victim or perpetrator. The author reflects on the usefulness of this particular genre despite the many ethical issues involved, and places emphasis on the need to record and remember. Above all, Hitchcott emphasises that the work she has carried out serves as a testament to the range and diversity of genocide fiction written by Africans, including notable Rwandan authors, and that this enables a country and humanity to move toward an understanding of what happened.

Life Stories

2013 ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Moshe Rosman
Keyword(s):  
Life Stories ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
The People ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter reviews the Shivhei Ha-Besht, which is considered the most prolific, interesting, intriguing, problematic, and most exploited source relating to the Ba’al Shem Tov. The title in Hebrew means, “Praises of the Ba’al Shem Tov.” The book is a collection of more than two hundred hagiographic stories concerning the Besht and some of the people associated with him. The chapter mentions some of the stories, such as the birth of the Besht, the Besht’s marriage, the Besht and the robbers, the Besht as Rabbi Gershon’s coachman, the Besht’s revelation, and the Besht’s prayer. Every writer on the Besht has made use of the Shivhei Ha-Besht in constructing a portrayal. The chapter also analyzes the relationship of the stories in Shivhei Ha-Besht to historical events.

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