L’Iliade et l’Odyssée, un matériau fertile pour la pensée philosophique : le bon usage d’Homère dans l’Hippias Mineur

Elenchos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-55
Author(s):  
Emmanuelle Jouët-Pastré
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Hippias Minor ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Abstract In Hippias Minor, Plato does not merely condemn Homer as a reference in ethical matters. He opposes two uses of poetry when it comes to referring to and giving meaning to it: poetry as a source of knowledge admitted and frozen by tradition, ethically normative, and poetry as a source of philosophical questions, conducive to ethical reflection. The debate shows that Socrates’ view of Homer, as well as his Homeric point of view, allow us to ask good and often paradoxical questions about the link between truth, falsity, knowledge and calculation, which are essential for those who want to build solid ethics. The dialogue then shows how the philosopher enriches the meaning of the Homeric text.

scholarly journals Passion for the Art of Morally Responsible Technology Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 ◽  
pp. 87-109
Author(s):  
Sabine Roeser ◽  
Steffen Steinert
Keyword(s):  
Technology Development ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Moral Reflection ◽  
Technological Risk ◽  
Technological Developments ◽  
Philosophical Questions

AbstractIn this article, we discuss the importance of emotions for ethical reflection on technological developments, as well as the role that art can play in this. We review literature that argues that emotions can and should play an important role in the assessment and acceptance of technological risk and in designing morally responsible technologies. We then investigate how technologically engaged art can contribute to critical, emotional-moral reflection on technological risks. The role of art that engages with technology is unexplored territory and gives rise to many fascinating philosophical questions that have not yet been sufficiently addressed in the literature.

scholarly journals Statistical Reporting Inconsistencies in Experimental Philosophy

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Colombo ◽  
Georgi Duev ◽  
Michele B. Nuijten ◽  
Jan Sprenger
Keyword(s):  
Null Hypothesis ◽  
Experimental Philosophy ◽  
R Package ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Behavioral Sciences ◽  
Null Hypothesis Significance Testing ◽  
Psychological Science ◽  
Philosophical Questions ◽  
Better Than

Experimental philosophy (x-phi) is a young field of research in the intersection of philosophy and psychology. It aims to make progress on philosophical questions by using experimental methods traditionally associated with the psychological and behavioral sciences, such as null hypothesis significance testing (NHST). Motivated by recent discussions about a methodological crisis in the behavioral sciences, questions have been raised about the methodological standards of x-phi. Here, we focus on one aspect of this question, namely the rate of inconsistencies in statistical reporting. Previous research has examined the extent to which published articles in psychology and other behavioral sciences present statistical inconsistencies in reporting the results of NHST. In this study, we used the R package statcheck to detect statistical inconsistencies in x-phi, and compared rates of inconsistencies in psychology and philosophy. We found that rates of inconsistencies in x-phi are lower than in the psychological and behavioral sciences. From the point of view of statistical reporting consistency, x-phi seems to do no worse, and perhaps even better, than psychological science.

Ludwig Wittgenstein: A Christian in Philosophy

1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Wm. McClendon ◽  
Brad J. Kallenberg
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Fully Integrated ◽  
Imitatio Christi ◽  
Religious Attitude ◽  
Religious Sensibility ◽  
Christian Commitment ◽  
The One ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Norman Malcolm, whose Memoir is an important primary source for the life of his teacher, wrote just before his own death a second brief work, Wittgenstein: A Religious Point of View?, that provides extended evidence of Wittgenstein's enduring Christian commitment. Yet Malcolm could see nothing more than analogies between his religious attitude on the one hand and his attitude to philosophical questions on the other. William Warren Bartley, III, a philosopher interested in biography, placed more stock in his own long-distance psychoanalysis of two of Wittgenstein's reported dreams than he did in the concrete Christian particularity of a life that he correctly labeled an amalgam of ‘ethical activity and practical philosophy’. James C. Edwards acknowledged his subject's imitatio Christi and ‘religious sensibility’ but reduced these to a generic ethics, oddly suppressing Wittgenstein's own standard Christian terminology—barely noting that he read the Christian Gospels, was converted to follow the way of Jesus, and (with some eccentricity) lived a faithful Christian life and died a Christian death. What would it be, then, to take a more fully integrated view of Wittgenstein's life and work—to consider him as a Christian in philosophy?

scholarly journals THE PROBLEM OF REALITY IN THE TEXTS OF NIELS BOHR

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Mechanics ◽  
Quantum Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Niels Bohr ◽  
Stationary States ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Specific Behavior ◽  
Physical Experiments ◽  
Interpretation Of Quantum Theory ◽  
Philosophical Questions

The article discusses a new understanding of the reality in the 20th century. Since the key figure in these changes was the Danish physicist Niels Bohr, we refer to his early and later articles to analyze the use of the term “reality”. Through an analysis of the terms, it is shown that Bohr describes discoveries in earlier articles that are inconsistent with old concepts in physics, and it is these questions that will further lead him to a new understanding of reality. In the article we also indicate how many times and in what contexts the term “reality” is used. Further, we find that the term “reality” is more common in later articles than in his earlier works (Copenhagen’s interpretation of quantum theory had not yet been formulated at the time of writing the early works). Through the analyzing of usage of certain terms, we show how the emphasis in the early and late Bohr’s articles shifts. For many years, the Danish physicist has sought to clarify quantum theory. In some later articles, we note that the problems affect not only physical, but also other areas of knowledge. We also analyze the use of the term in later articles. This analysis shows how Niels Bohr’s discoveries in the nature of the objects of the micro-world lead him to questions about the nature of reality. How discoveries in the microcosm affect the new conception of reality is best traced in controversy with other physicists. As the most striking example, we took the article “Discussion with Einstein on epistemological problems in atomic physics”. In this article, Bohr describes the specific behavior of micro-objects, features of physical experiments and proves the idea that a fundamentally new (including ontological plan) understanding of physical processes is needed. An analysis of the terms shows that, from Bohr’s point of view, reality itself is as described by its quantum mechanics. We strive to show the evolution of Bohr’s views in the context of how they influenced the revision of all physics. We conclude that the discovery of stationary states in an atom is the first step to rethinking philosophical questions of a nature of reality.

scholarly journals Philosophical difficulties of stakeholder theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 75-84
Author(s):  
Maciej Soin
Keyword(s):  
Business Ethics ◽  
Stakeholder Theory ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Traditional View ◽  
Main Thesis ◽  
Multiple Stakeholder ◽  
False Dilemma ◽  
Pragmatic Interpretation ◽  
Pragmatic Justification ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Philosophical difficulties of stakeholder theory—which plays an important role in CSR and business ethics—are mainly connected to the questions of its status and justification. What sense does stakeholder theory have: descriptive, instrumental or normative? And if normative, why then should executives worry about multiple stakeholder demands? It is well known that Freeman, one of the most important authors of stakeholder theory, deliberately disregarded these problems. In philosophical questions, he invoked Rorty’s pragmatism that in his opinion effectively undermined the “positivistic” dichotomy between facts and values, science and ethics, and enabled stakeholder theory to be understood as both descriptive and normative. The article presents some difficulties connected with this view, focusing on its dubious assumptions and unfavourable consequences. These assumptions contain a false dilemma, taken from Rorty, which states that knowledge follows either a rule of representation or a rule of solidarity. One of the unfavourable consequences is the conclusion that stakeholder theory may be true only if its followers are able to force the stakeholders to accept its truthfulness. The main thesis of the article says that, because of pragmatic justification, stakeholder theory became a sort of arbitrary narration, which is unable to deal with its (empirical) misuses. However, a more traditional view on facts and values enables us to appreciate the descriptive advantages of the theory and to identify difficulties connected with its normative layer. From this point of view, the attempt at a pragmatic interpretation of stakeholder theory was a misunderstanding that should be withdrawn from circulation.

Providence as Mystery, Providence as Revelation: Puritan and Anglican Modifications of John Calvin's Doctrine of Providence

1978 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. VanderMolen
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Free Will ◽  
Intellectual History ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Modern Idea ◽  
Modern Thought ◽  
Philosophical Questions

Acceptance of providence, the belief that an ultimate being determines the course of events, has always created problems for moralists and advocates of free will, and for obivous reasons. If any events has been foreordained, how can hemans be free? If all is determined, why should humans try to do what is right? Aside from the philosophical questions raised by a belief in provedence, however, scholars such as the distinguished economists Jacob Viner have begun to examine the doctrine of providence from the point of view of its broad ideological and social impact. Though Professor Viner modestly claimed that his study of providence was simply an intellectual history pursued for its own sake, he demonstrated many of the doctrine's implications for early modern thought and social structures. Similar emphasis on the significance of the early modern idea of providence is also found in Keith Thomas' Religion and the Decline of Magic.

Grenzen des medizinischen Fortschritts aus ethischer Sicht

1994 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-53
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Huber
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Organ Transplantation ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Medical Progress ◽  
Ethical Point ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Human Death

Abstract When discussing the Iimits of medical progress from an ethical point of view, medical progress must neither be glorified nor rejected. Ethical reflection rather has to consider the different kinds of Iimits of medical practice and research. Starting from an ethics of dignity, that refuses to define human being and dignity only by the fact of human cerebration, the article argues for extending the Iimits of medicine in order to fight against the epidemics, and for correcting new Iimits of medical care, that result from the over specialisation of medical technics and the division of medical labour. Above all however medical treatment has to respect those Iimits, that are given by the dignity of the individual. Therefore for example the criteria for organ transplantation must be very strict in order to avoid any commercialization of donating organs, and in order to respect the process of human death.

scholarly journals The Devil’s Music: Satanism and Christian Rhetoric in the Lyrics of the Swedish Heavy Metal Band Ghost

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
P.C.J.M. (Jarell) Paulissen
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Popular Culture ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Textual Analysis ◽  
Faith Community ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
Philosophical Questions ◽  
Strategy I ◽  
Selection Of

This paper is an inquiry into a contemporary heavy metal band from Sweden called Ghost. Ghost released its first studio album in 2010 and, while there is some discussion as to what their genre is exactly, they immediately became a rising star in the metal scene. Yet what is of particular interest from a storytelling point of view, especially with regard to theological answers to philosophical questions in popular culture, is that the band presents itself as a satanic version of the Catholic Church through their stage act and lyrics. This made me curious whether they are trying to convey a message and, if yes, what that message might be. For the present paper, I have focused on the latter by performing a non-exhaustive textual analysis of the lyrics in a selection of songs from each of the four studio albums released so far. Ghost turns Christian liturgy on its head by utilizing devout language that is normally reserved for God and Christ to describe Satan and the Antichrist, a strategy I have called the ”satanification” of Christian doctrine, and in doing so their songs evoke imagery of a satanic faith community at prayer. The band then uses this radical inversion of traditional Christian themes to criticize certain elements of society, especially those aspects they associate with organized religion.

Egg Donation in Art. Legal and Logical Arguments

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 40-40
Author(s):  
Emma Capulli ◽  
◽  
Elvira Passaro ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
The Other ◽  
Egg Donation ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Legal Provision ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Art Industry

"The procuring of eggs and compensatory measures for donors today present unresolved ethical and conceptual issues, which fuel the growth of the assisted reproductive technology (ART) industry. The speech proposes a problematization of the phenomenon from a legal point of view, supported by a rhetorical-argumentative analysis of the legal institutions. The legal provision of oocytes admits the only donation. It was deduced by analogy from the legislative provisions of available of organs and tissues (law no. 458 of 1967; law no. 301 of 1993; law no. 91 of 1999; law no. 483 of 1999), which provides for the balance between impairment of the psycho-physical sphere and goods that benefit from it. Is this balance comparable to the available of oocytes? Or does it need an autonomous redefinition? The various national regulations show that in Europe the term donation includes not only solutions of substantial gratuity, but also various forms of compensation. On one side this shows the fragility of the definition of donation, rhetorically constructed through the Aristotelian argument of the dissociation between reimbursement and remuneration, and on the other it makes clear the need to use logical-argumentative tools to disclose the criterion of hierarchization of values in game. It remains to be understood how ethical reflection, led by an argumentative legal analysis, can provide the tools to improve the functioning of a system that seems to render donors’ rights unfit for use. "

scholarly journals Il nuovo Codice deontologico dell’infermiere: una lettura etico-deontologica

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunziata Comoretto ◽  
Antonio G. Spagnolo
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Productive Efficiency ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Economic Aspects ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
Ethical Practice ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Contemporary Medicine

Le crescenti capacità scientifiche e tecniche della medicina contemporanea, in grado di esercitare una forte pressione sugli obblighi professionali e morali dei medici, insieme con i profondi mutamenti socio-culturali che negli ultimi decenni hanno caratterizzato tutti Paesi occidentali, rendono necessaria una riflessione etica costante e continuamente aggiornata nell’ambito della professione infermieristica. La recente emanazione del nuovo Codice deontologico degli infermieri stimola una attenta riflessione su gli aspetti etico- deontologici alla base della professione infermieristica. Tali aspetti risultano fortemente minacciati, nel corso degli ultimi decenni, da una prevalente attenzione a favore della prestazione tecnica e dell’efficienza della produzione, che rischia di porre al centro dell’attività dell’infermiere non più il fine della professione e i valori ad essa correlati, ma unicamente gli aspetti burocratico- amministrativi ed economici, in un’ottica di produzione-mercato. Il Codice Deontologico, in quanto espressione della professione che riflette sui propri scopi e valori, diviene, dunque, lo strumento più idoneo a guidare l’infermiere nella riflessione sul tipo di impegno che egli, in quanto professionista, ha assunto nei confronti della società tutta. Il nuovo Codice presenta numerosi spunti di riflessione, importanti per la pratica etica dell’infermiere. Il presente articolo intende offrire una lettura etico-deontologica del nuovo Codice, soffermandosi soprattutto sull’importanza della riflessione etica nell’umanizzazione dell’assistenza alla persona malata. ---------- Both the increasing scientifical and technical abilities of the contemporary medicine, exerting a strong pressure on the professional and moral obligations of physicians, and the deep social-cultural changes that have characterized all western Countries in the last decades, require a constant and continually updated ethical reflection upon nursing. The recent issuing of the new Deontological Code of Nursing stimulates a careful reflection on the ethicaldeontological aspects of nursing. During the last decades, such aspects result strongly threatened by a prevailing attention to technical performance and productive efficiency, that risks to centre nursing only on the bureaucraticadministrative and economic aspects, according to a production-market point of view, more than on the aim of the profession and the values related to it. The Deontological Code, being expression of the profession that reflects upon its own purposes and values, becomes, therefore, the most suitable tool for guiding nurse to reflect upon the commitment that has assumed as professional towards the overall society. The new Code introduces numerous cues, that are important for the ethical practice of nurses. The present article intends to offer a ethical-deontological reading of the new Code, studying in depth the importance of the ethical reflection for humanized patient care.

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