scholarly journals Car braking effectiveness after adaptation for drivers with motor dysfunctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-623
Author(s):  
Adam Sowiński ◽  
Tomasz Szczepański ◽  
Grzegorz Koralewski
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Braking System ◽  
System Adaptation ◽  
Parametric Description ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This article presents the results of measurements of the braking efficiency of vehicles adapted to be operated by drivers with motor dysfunctions. In such cars, the braking system is extended with an adaptive device that allows braking with the upper limb. This device applies pressure to the original brake in the car. The braking force and thus its efficiency depend on the mechanical ratio in the adapting device. In addition, braking performance depends on the sensitivity of the car’s original braking system and the maximum force that a disabled person can exert on the handbrake lever. Such a person may have limited power in the upper limbs. The force exerted by the driver can also be influenced by the position of the driver’s seat in relation to the handbrake lever. This article describes the research aimed at understanding the influence of the above-mentioned factors on the car braking performance. As a part of the analysis of the test results, a mathematical function was proposed that allows a parametric description of the braking efficiency index on the basis of data on the braking system, adaptation device, driver’s motor limitations, and the position of the driver’s seat. The information presented in this article can be used for the preliminary selection of adaptive devices to the needs of a given driver with a disability and to the vehicle construction.

scholarly journals Car braking effectiveness after adaptation for drivers with motor dysfunctions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-623
Author(s):  
Adam Sowiński ◽  
Tomasz Szczepański ◽  
Grzegorz Koralewski
Keyword(s):  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Mathematical Function ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Braking System ◽  
System Adaptation ◽  
Parametric Description ◽  
Limited Power ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This article presents the results of measurements of the braking efficiency of vehicles adapted to be operated by drivers with motor dysfunctions. In such cars, the braking system is extended with an adaptive device that allows braking with the upper limb. This device applies pressure to the original brake in the car. The braking force and thus its efficiency depend on the mechanical ratio in the adapting device. In addition, braking performance depends on the sensitivity of the car’s original braking system and the maximum force that a disabled person can exert on the handbrake lever. Such a person may have limited power in the upper limbs. The force exerted by the driver can also be influenced by the position of the driver’s seat in relation to the handbrake lever. This article describes the research aimed at understanding the influence of the above-mentioned factors on the car braking performance. As a part of the analysis of the test results, a mathematical function was proposed that allows a parametric description of the braking efficiency index on the basis of data on the braking system, adaptation device, driver’s motor limitations, and the position of the driver’s seat. The information presented in this article can be used for the preliminary selection of adaptive devices to the needs of a given driver with a disability and to the vehicle construction.

Design of combined brake system for light weight scooters

2021 ◽  
pp. 095440702110240
Author(s):  
Yuan-Ting Lin ◽  
Chyuan-Yow Tseng ◽  
Jao-Hwa Kuang ◽  
Yeong-Maw Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Ride Comfort ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Systematic Method ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Evaluation Indexes ◽  
Low Costs ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Good Agreement

The combined brake system (CBS) is a mechanism that links the front and rear brakes for scooters. For two-wheeled scooters, a CBS with appropriate braking force distribution can reduce the risk of crashing accidents due to insufficient driving proficiency. The design of the braking force distribution for a CBS is challenging to the designer because it has to fulfill many requirements such as braking performance, ride comfort, reliability, and low costs. This paper proposes a systematic method to optimize the parameters of CBS. The evaluation indexes for the design are first discussed. The steps to determine the critical parameter to meet the indexes and a method to predict braking performance are developed. Finally, driving tests are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental results showed that the deceleration of the tested scooter equipped with the designed CBS achieves an average mean fully developed deceleration (MFDD) of 5.246 m/s2, higher than the homologation requirement. Furthermore, the proposed method’s prediction of braking performance is in good agreement with the test results, with errors <1%.

scholarly journals Development and Testing of a Collision Avoidance Braking System for an Autonomous Vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 703-709
Keyword(s):  
Autonomous Vehicle ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Correct Operation ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
System Parameters ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Good Consistency ◽  
Main Development ◽  
Outdoor Experiments

The article describes the main development and testing aspects of an emergency braking function for an autonomous vehicle. The purpose of this function is to prevent the vehicle from collisions with obstacles, either stationary or moving. An algorithm is proposed to calculate deceleration for the automated braking, which takes into account the distance to the obstacle and velocities of both the vehicle and the obstacle. In addition, the algorithm adapts to deviations from the required deceleration, which are inevitable in the real-world practice due to external and internal disturbances and unaccounted dynamics of the vehicle and its systems. The algorithm was implemented as a part of the vehicle’s mathematical model. Simulations were conducted, which allowed to verify algorithm’s operability and tentatively select the system parameters providing satisfactory braking performance of the vehicle. The braking function elaborated by means of modeling then was connected to the solenoid braking controller of the experimental autonomous vehicle using a real-time prototyping technology. In order to estimate operability and calibrate parameters of the function, outdoor experiments were conducted at a test track. A good consistency was observed between the test results and simulation results. The test results have proven correct operation of the emergency braking function, acceptable braking performance of the vehicle provided by this function, and its capability of preventing collisions.

Design, testing and analysis of a novel automotive magnetorheological braking system

2016 ◽  
Vol 231 (10) ◽  
pp. 1402-1413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liangyao Yu ◽  
Liangxu Ma ◽  
Jian Song
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Magnetic Circuits ◽  
Torque Capacity ◽  
Intensity Magnetic Field

This paper presents a new approach to the design, testing and analysis of a magnetorheological brake which uses a multi-path magnetic circuit to satisfy the braking demand of vehicles. In contrast with a general braking system, an automotive brake exhibits an outstanding performance for high torques and long reaction times. We use a proposed power-law model and finite element analysis to obtain the magnetorheological braking performance for a high shear rate and a high-intensity magnetic field. Finite element analysis with different structures is adopted to determine the parameters of the magnetorheological braking and the layout of the magnetic circuits. An integrated prototype is also fabricated and tested. The test results show that the brake torque is relatively high, and the torque can be accurately controlled by the input current. The reaction time is less than 100 ms. We also analyse the experimental results and use these as the basis for fabricating a full-sized prototype. The full-sized prototype generally exhibits a high torque capacity and a fast dynamic response, thereby validating the feasible application of magnetorheological fluids in automotive braking.

A Novel Control Algorithm of Electronic Braking System for Trucks

2013 ◽  
Vol 694-697 ◽  
pp. 2106-2109
Author(s):  
Li Mai ◽  
Li Ya Wang ◽  
Pei Wen Mi ◽  
Sheng Nan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Control Algorithm ◽  
Rear Axle ◽  
Force Distribution ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Emergency Braking ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Brake Wear ◽  
Vehicle Dynamic Model

Electronic Braking System (EBS) can improve the braking performance of trucks significantly. A novel control algorithm for EBS has been proposed in this paper, which consists of Driving Identification Module and Braking Force Distribution Module. Driving Identification Module can recognize the non-emergency braking situation according to the signal of the electronic braking pedal. Braking Force Distribution Module regulates the braking force on front and rear axle by comparing the slip-ratios on every axle. As a result, the optimum braking pressure on different axles can enhance the safety and balance the brake wear. The performance of the control algorithm has been simulated utilizing 15-DOF vehicle dynamic model. The results show that the control algorithm can provide a good braking feeling and the braking performance of the vehicle is perfect.

Simulation Analysis of Portal Crane Braking Effect with Dual-Stage Brakes under Fluctuating Wind Load

2014 ◽  
Vol 607 ◽  
pp. 268-272
Author(s):  
Guang Wei Qing ◽  
Hui Jin ◽  
Jing Bo Hu
Keyword(s):  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Brake System ◽  
Safety Device ◽  
Braking Performance ◽  
Braking System ◽  
Dual Stage ◽  
Braking Force ◽  
Braking Process ◽  
Fluctuating Wind ◽  
Portal Crane

In order to grasp the braking effect of the portal crane after the installation of auxiliary wind safety device, the braking process of real harbor crane with dual-stage windproof braking system exposed to fluctuating wind is simulated. The effect on the crane braking performance of braking device response lag and artificially lowering working braking force is also analyzed. It is demonstrated that the dual-stage brake system is superior to the single and could improve the windproof ability when working braking force decline.

Implementasi Voip Server Berbasis IPV6 Dengan Raspberry PI

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (01) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Rabbai San Arif ◽  
Yuli Fitrisia ◽  
Agus Urip Ari Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Protocol ◽  
Wireless Transmission ◽  
Raspberry Pi ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Ipv6 Network ◽  
Ip Network ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Better Than

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a telecommunications technology that is able to pass the communication service in Internet Protocol networks so as to allow communicating between users in an IP network. However VoIP technology still has weakness in the Quality of Service (QoS). VOPI weaknesses is affected by the selection of the physical servers used. In this research, VoIP is configured on Linux operating system with Asterisk as VoIP application server and integrated on a Raspberry Pi by using wired and wireless network as the transmission medium. Because of depletion of IPv4 capacity that can be used on the network, it needs to be applied to VoIP system using the IPv6 network protocol with supports devices. The test results by using a wired transmission medium that has obtained are the average delay is 117.851 ms, jitter is 5.796 ms, packet loss is 0.38%, throughput is 962.861 kbps, 8.33% of CPU usage and 59.33% of memory usage. The analysis shows that the wired transmission media is better than the wireless transmission media and wireless-wired.

PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR IPA SMP PADA TEMA ENERGI DALAM TUBUH MENGGUNAKAN METODE 4STMD

EDUSAINS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-175
Author(s):  
Gia Juniar Nur Wahidah ◽  
Sjaeful Anwar
Keyword(s):  
Concept Maps ◽  
The Body ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Teaching Material ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Teaching Materials ◽  
Eligibility Criteria ◽  
Material Development ◽  
Selection Step ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract This research aims to produce science teaching materials in junior level with Energy in The Body as the theme using Four Steps Teaching Material Development  (4STMD). The material is presented in an integrated way so that students can  think holistically and contextually. The method used in this study is Research and Development. In this R&D methods is used 4STMD. There are four steps done on the development of teaching materials, the selection step, structuring step, characterization, and didactic reduction. Selection step includes the selection of indicators in accordance with the demands of the curriculum which is then developed with the selection of concepts and values that are integrated with the concept of science. Structuring step includes make macro structures, concept maps, and multiple representations. Characterization's step includes preparation instruments, then  trial to students to identify difficult concepts. The last, didactic reduction was done by neglect and the annotations in the form of sketches.The test results readability aspect instructional materials lead to the conclusion that by determining the main idea, the legibility of teaching materials reached 67%, with moderate readability criteria. Test results of feasibility aspects based on the results of questionnaires to the 11 teachers lead to the conclusion that the overall, level of eligibility teaching materials reached 91% with the eligibility criteria well. Keywords: teaching materials; energy; 4STMD Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA SMP pada tema Energi dalam Tubuh menggunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Materi disajikan secara terpadu sehingga memacu siswa untuk berpikir secara holistik dan kontekstual. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode penelitian dan pengembangan. Dalam penelitian dan pengembangan yang ini, digunakan metode Four Steps Teaching Material Development (4STMD). Terdapat empat tahap yang dilakukan pada pengembangan bahan ajar, yakni tahap seleksi, strukturisasi, karakterisasi, dan reduksi didaktik. Tahap seleksi meliputi pemilihan indikator yang sesuai dengan tuntutan kurikulum yang kemudian dikembangkan dengan pemilihan konsep dan nilai yang diintegrasikan dengan konsep IPA. Tahap strukturisasi meliputi pembuatan struktur makro, peta konsep, dan multipel representasi dari materi. Tahap karakterisasi meliputi penyusunan instrumen karakterisasi, kemudian uji coba kepada siswa untuk mengidentifikasi konsep sulit. Tahap terakhir, yaitu reduksi didaktik konsep terhadap konsep sulit. Reduksi didaktik yang dilakukan berupa pengabaian dan penggunaan penjelasan berupa sketsa. Hasil uji aspek keterbacaan bahan ajar menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa berdasarkan penentuan ide pokok, keterbacaan bahan ajar mencapai 67%, dengan kriteria keterbacaan tinggi. Hasil uji aspek kelayakan berdasarkan hasil angket terhadap 11 orang guru menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa secara keseluruhan tingkat kelayakan bahan ajar mencapai 91% dengan kriteria kelayakan baik sekali. Kata Kunci: bahan ajar; energi; 4STMD  Permalink/DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v8i2.2039  

HUBUNGAN UMUR DAN PARITAS DENGAN PEMILIHAN ALAT KONTRASEPSI METODE OPERASI WANITA (MOW) DI POLIKLINIK KEBIDANAN RS BHAYANGKARA PALEMBANG TAHUN 2012

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Widyastuti Y. Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Family Planning ◽  
Medical Records ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Family Planning Services ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Planning Methods ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Family Planning Methods ◽  
Selection Of

  ABSTRACT [In advanced countries the number of permanent contraception option ( kontap ) approximately 10 % of all national family planning methods , while in Indonesia reached approximately 5.7 % . Based on data obtained from medical records Bhayangkara Hospital Palembang in 2010 the number of achievement when seen from the percentage of contraceptive use is only 9.10 % The purpose of this study is known age and parity relationship with the selection of contraceptive methods Surgery Women ( MOW ) in Palembang RS.Bhayangkara obstetrics clinic in 2012 . This study uses the analytic survey with cross sectional approach . The population in this study were women who become new acceptors were recorded in medical records at the hospital . Palembang Bhayangkara Hospitals January 1, 2012 to December 31 in 2012 . The sample in this study is part of a whole number of new acceptors ( either using contraception methods MOW and other family planning methods ) were registered in the hospital . Palembang Police Hospitals of January 1, 2012 to December 31 years of data 2012.Analisa univariate and bivariate statistical Chi - Square test with significance level α = 0.05 . The results showed there were 80 respondents ( 46.3 % ) who became MOW contraceptive acceptors , acceptors who have old age by 45 respondents ( 56.3 % ) and who has a young age by 35 respondents ( 43.8 % ) . acceptors which have high parity were 44 respondents ( 55 % ) who had low parity and a total of 36 respondents ( 45 % ) . From the results of Chi-square test value obtained ρ = 0.00 is smaller than α = 0.05 . There is a significant correlation between age and the selection of MOW Chi square test results obtained ρ value = 0.00 and there was a significant association between parity with the election MOW Chi square test results obtained ρ value = 0 , . From these results , it is expected to power health, especially family planning services at the hospital . Palembang Police Hospitals in order to improve the quality of family planning services in an effective, efficient , and safe are considered particularly suitable for users of contraception OperatingMethodWomen(MOW).                                      ABSTRAK Di negara sudah maju jumlah pilihan kontrasepsi mantap (kontap) sekitar 10% dari semua metode KB nasional, sedangkan di Indonesia baru mencapai sekitar 5,7 %. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari Rekam medik  Rumah Sakit Bhayangkara Palembang tahun 2010 Jumlah pencapain tersebut jika dilihat dari persentasi penggunaan kontrasepsi MOW hanya  9,10% Tujuan penelitian ini adalah diketahuinya hubungan umur dan paritas dengan pemilihan alat kontrasepsi Metode Operasi Wanita (MOW) di poliklinik kebidanan RS.Bhayangkara Palembang Tahun 2012. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita yang menjadi akseptor KB Baru yang tercatat di rekam medik  di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang tanggal 1 januari 2012 sampai dengan 31 Desember  tahun 2012. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah sebagian dari seluruh jumlah akseptor KB Baru (baik yang menggunakan alat kontrasepsi Metode MOW maupun Metode KB lain) yang teregister di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang dari tanggal 1 januari 2012 sampai dengan 31 Desember  tahun 2012.Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat dengan uji statistik Chi-Square dengan tingkat kemaknaan α = 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 80 responden terdapat (46,3%) yang menjadi akseptor kontrasepsi MOW, akseptor yang memiliki umur tua sebanyak 45 responden (56,3%) dan yang memiliki  umur muda sebanyak 35 responden (43,8%). akseptor yang memiliki paritas tinggi sebanyak 44 responden  (55%) dan yang memiliki  paritas rendah sebanyak 36 responden (45%). Dari hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,00 lebih kecil dari α = 0,05. Ada hubungan yang bermakna antara umur dengan pemilihan MOW dari hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,00 dan ada hubungan yang bermakna antara paritas dengan pemilihan MOW hasil uji Chi square didapatkan ρ value = 0,.Dari hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan khususnya pelayanan KB  di RS. Bhayangkara Palembang  agar dapat meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan KB secara efektif, efisien, dan aman yang dianggap cocok bagi penggunanya khususnya mengenai kontrasepsi Metode Operasi Wanita (MOW).    

What Every Neuropathologist Needs to Know: Practical Aspects and Pitfalls in Molecular Diagnosis of Brain Tumors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Stephen Nix ◽  
Cristiane M Ida
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumors ◽  
Molecular Diagnosis ◽  
Genetic Alterations ◽  
Genetic Alteration ◽  
Molecular Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Molecular Test ◽  
Molecular Tests ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Molecular testing has become part of the routine diagnostic workup of brain tumors after the implementation of integrated histomolecular diagnoses in the 2016 WHO classification update. It is important for every neuropathologist to be aware of practical preanalytical, analytical, and postanalytical factors that impact the performance and interpretation of molecular tests. Prior to testing, optimizing tumor purity and tumor amount increases the ability of the molecular test to detect the genetic alteration of interest. Recognizing basic molecular testing platform analytical characteristics allows selection of the optimal platform for each clinicopathological scenario. Finally, postanalytical considerations to properly interpret molecular test results include understanding the clinical significance of the detected genetic alteration, recognizing that detected clinically significant genetic alterations are occasionally germline constitutional rather than somatic tumor-specific, and being cognizant that recommended and commonly used genetic nomenclature may differ. Potential pitfalls in brain tumor molecular diagnosis are also discussed.

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