Carbon black/polypyrrole/nitrile rubber conducting composites: synergistic properties and compounding conductivity effect

e-Polymers ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Tang Chiu ◽  
Tzong-Yiing Chiang ◽  
Chi-Yung Chang ◽  
Ming-Tai Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Rubber Matrix ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Mixing ◽  
Conducting Composites

AbstractElectrically conducting nitrile rubber (NBR) containing electro-conductive carbon black (CB) and polypyrrole as conducting-modifier were prepared by single-step in situ polymerization with mechanical mixing and compression molding (vulcanized). Our result showed CB/NBR and CB/ polypyrrole /NBR conducting composites presents high thermal stability. Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that the CB 50 phr / polypyrrole 10 phr /NBR of composites formula has highest thermal stability with improved degradation temperature from 422 °C (NBR matrix) to 440 °C at 10% weight loss. CB 50 phr and polypyrrole 10 phr has still optimum volume resistivity values 2.83×1010 to 2.03×103 ohm-cm above the percolation threshold. Therefore, incorporating CB with polypyrrole conducting-modifier showed four causes of advantage i.e. increase in thermal stability, conductive pathways, synergistic properties on thermal stability with reinforcement mechanical properties and compounding conductivity effect within the rubber matrix.

scholarly journals In situ polymerization of polypyrrole on cotton fabrics as flexible electrothermal materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501982744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Xie ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
Zheng Guo ◽  
Shan Shan Jiao ◽  
Ling Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis

Polypyrrole/cotton composites have substantial application potential in flexible heating devices due to their flexibility, high conductivity, and thermal stability. In this context, a series of flexible polypyrrole/cotton fabrics were intrinsically prepared using in situ polymerization process with the different Py/FeCl3 concentration ratios. To investigate their structural and morphological properties, thermal stability, tensile strength, conductivity, and heat-generating property, the composite fabrics were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, mechanical properties, and resistivity measurements. The results showed that polypyrrole/cotton fabrics exhibited a low resistivity of 0.37 Ω cm. Temperature–time curve showed that temperature of the polypyrrole/cotton fabrics increased very quickly from room temperature to a steady-state maximum temperature of 168.3°C within 3 min at applied voltage of 5 V. Tensile strength of polypyrrole/cotton composites reached to 58 MPa, which far surpassed raw cotton fabrics. Therefore, polypyrrole/cotton fabrics have exhibited high electrical, thermal properties, and mechanical strength, which can be utilized as an ideal flexible heating element.

scholarly journals Properties of carbon black-PEDOT composite prepared via in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization

e-Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Xie ◽  
Shi-Hao Zhang ◽  
Hai-Yun Jiang ◽  
Hui Zeng ◽  
Ruo-Mei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Oxidative Polymerization ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
The One ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

AbstractA new conductive composite composed of nanoscale carbon black (CB) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was prepared by a simple in-situ polymerization. The morphology of the composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The structure and thermal stability were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of CB improved the agglomerated state of PEDOT. On the one hand, CB effectively hindered the agglomeration of PEDOT during the polymerization. Thus, the obtained CB-PEDOT composite dispersed well in solution, which can facilitate the reprocessing of CB-PEDOT. On the other hand, CB covered most of the surface of PEDOT, which enhanced the electrical conductivity of CB-PEDOT. Furthermore, the interfacial interaction between CB and PEDOT improved the thermal stability of CB-PEDOT. The findings of this research suggest that CB can replace polyelectrolyte poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) to achieve reprocessable materials for certain applications.

Synthesis of Formaldehyde Free Amino Resin to Produce Green Eco-Labelled Leather with Improved Retanning Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed Ashraf ◽  
Shahzad Maqsood Khan ◽  
Shahid Munir ◽  
Rashid Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Melamine Resin ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
Percentage Efficiency

Formaldehyde has many applications in the chemical industry including synthesis of amino resins which are used in leather processing. After application in leather, these resins are hydrolyzed under certain conditions to release free formaldehyde which has high environmental concerns due to its proven carcinogenic effects. The objective of this work is to develop a formaldehyde free melamine-based resin to produce green leather with improved retanning properties and thermal stability. The optimum melamine resin was synthesized by condensing melamine with glyoxal instead of formaldehyde. Further, the water solubility and improved thermal stability of synthesized melamine resins were achieved by introduction of sulfanilic acid in resin structure. Synthesized resin was used in leather retanning in comparison with commercially available melamine resin as a control. Both leathers were tested for mechanical properties, organoleptic properties, grain surface and fiber structure analysis. Comparative free formaldehyde content was measured in resultant leathers. Effluents of retanning baths were comparatively analyzed. Optimum resin was also characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis and FTIR. The results of this study showed that the experimental resin has imparted significant improvement in mechanical and organoleptic properties of leather as compared to the control resin. Analysis of free formaldehyde content confirmed the absence of free formaldehyde in leather treated with optimum resin while 141 mg/kg formaldehyde was detected in leather treated with control resin. Free formaldehyde was also absent in effluent of experimental resin while 305 mg/kg formaldehyde was detected in effluent of control resin. Moreover, percentage efficiency in COD, TDS and TSS load of effluent was observed as 9.62, 7.2 and 6.31 respectively.  Resultant leather was free from formaldehyde making it safe for human along with reduction in pollution load of tannery.  

Processing and Analysis of Ceramic Mesoscale Combustors Fabricated by Co-Extrusion

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khurshida Sharmin ◽  
Ingmar Schoegl
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Crack Formation ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Full Density ◽  
Alumina Powder ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermal Debinding

In this work, millimeter-scale tubular combustion channels were fabricated from ceramic precursor materials. Co-extrusion of structured feedrods holds promise for the development of multi-layered, functionally graded and/or textured combustor walls, but requires a polymer binder that is difficult to remove before structures can be sintered to full density. In conventional thermal debinding, cracking is a major issue, where crack formation is attributed to a lack of pore space for outgassing of pyrolysis products. The main focus of this study is to validate a manufacturing process that uses a combination of solvent de-binding and thermal debinding, which is applied to a simple combustor geometry. Alumina powder was batched with a mixture of polyethylene butyl-acrylate (PEBA) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) in a torque rheometer. A 19mm feedrod, consisting of a carbon-black/binder mixture as core, and a surrounding ceramic/binder mixture forming the wall, was extruded through a 5.84 mm die. The binder removal involves two processing steps, where the PEG content was removed by solvent extraction (SE) to initiate pore formation, after which thermal de-binding by pyrolysis removes the remaining binder and carbon-black. Solvent extraction was performed in water at three different temperatures for various times. The 1:1 mixture of PEG:PEBA showed the highest PEG removal of 80wt% for 6 hrs extraction. The thermal de-binding cycle was designed based on thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and successfully performed with a ramping rate of 1.25°C/min to 1000°C without any crack formation. After de-binding, samples were sintered at 1600°C for 1 hr. SEM analysis showed some void spaces in the solvent extracted samples but confirmed that solvent extraction followed by thermal de-binding yielded the best results. The viability of sintered ceramic tubes was tested for conditions typical for thermal cycling in a combustion environment.

Effect of Alkali and Silane Treatment on the Thermal Stability of Hemp Fibers as Reinforcement in Composite Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Lu ◽  
Shubhashini Oza ◽  
Ian Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Natural fiber reinforced composites are being used as reinforcement material in composite system due to their positive environmental benefits. Added to that, natural fibers offer advantages such as low density, low cost, good toughness, high specific strength, relatively non-abrasive and wide availability. However, the low thermal stability of natural fibers is one of the major challenges to increase their use as reinforcing component. In this study, a thorough investigation has been done to compare the effect of two chemical treatment methods on the thermal stability of hemp fibers. 5wt% sodium hydroxide and 5wt% triethoxyvinylsilane was used for the treatment of hemp fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis were used for characterization of untreated and treated fiber. The results indicated that 24 hours alkali treatment and 3 hours silane treatment time enhanced the thermal stability of the hemp fiber. However, alkali treatment shows better improvement compared to silane treatment.

Effect of boron-nitrogen modified soybean oil additive on biodegradability, anti-oxidation property, and lubricity of rapeseed oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Wang Lin ◽  
Yanhan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Modified Soybean Oil ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Friction Reducing ◽  
Boron Nitrogen

Two novel boron-nitrogen modified soybean oil additives with different length of chain structures (abbreviated as BNS1 and BNS2) were synthesized. The thermal stability of BNS1 and BNS2 was evaluated by thermo-gravimetric analysis. The effect of the as-synthesized additives on the biodegradability, anti-oxidation property, and lubricity in rapeseed oil was evaluated by respective standard method. Moreover, the morphology and tribochemical characteristics of the worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope assembled with energy dispersive spectrometer. The results indicated that BNS1 and BNS2 both possess good thermal stability; BNS1 slightly impairs the biodegradability of rapeseed oil, but BNS2 facilitates the biodegradability of rapeseed oil. BNS1 and BNS2 could improve the anti-wear and friction-reducing performance of the rapeseed oil, but BNS1 exhibited better anti-wear ability as compared to that of BNS2, BNS2 exhibited better anti-wear ability in reducing friction coefficients as compared to that of BNS1. The enhanced anti-wear and friction-reducing abilities of rapeseed oil were ascribed to the formation of a composite boundary lubrication film due to the strong adsorption of BNS1 or BNS2 and rapeseed oil onto the lubricated surfaces and their tribochemical reactions with metal surfaces. BNS1 and BNS2 could both facilitate the anti-oxidation properties of the rapeseed oil.

Palm Kernel Shell Filled Recycled High-Density Polyethylene: Effect of Filler Loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nadiatul Husna ◽  
Bee Ying Lim ◽  
H. Salmah ◽  
Chun Hong Voon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
High Density ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Palm kernel shells (PKS) filled recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) biocomposites were produced using melt mixing. The biocomposites were prepared on Brabender Plasticorder at temperature of 185 °C and rotor speed of 50 rpm by varying filler loading (0 to 40 phr). In this study, the effect of PKS loading on rheological properties and thermal stability of rHDPE/PKS were investigated. Rheological study of the biocomposites was carried out by means of capillary rheometer under temperature of 190 °C, 200 °C and 210 °C. Thermal properties of biocomposites were studied by using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The rheological results showed that the flowability of the composite increased with increasing temperature. Meanwhile, the result of TGA showed that at higher PKS loading, rHDPE/PKS biocomposites had lower total weight loss. The thermal stability of the biocomposites was reduced due to the addition of filler loading.

Study on the thermal stability of Controlled Permeability Formwork

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1426-1429
Author(s):  
Xiao Meng Guo ◽  
Jian Qiang Li ◽  
Xian Sen Zeng ◽  
De Dao Hong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this study, the thermal properties of a kind of new geotextile materials, so called controlled permeable formwork (CPF), were studied. Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that the weight of CPF didn’t change much between 0~350 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the storage modulus of CPF reduced from 25 MPa to around 10 MPa when the temperature rose to above 100 °C. The strength of sample decreased slightly with the increase of the temperature. The breaking elongation changed slightly with a maximum at 80 °C. The CPF showed excellent thermal stability and was suitable for general use in construction work.

Characteristics, Nano-Dispersibility and Application of Conducting Polypyrrole Inserted into Nitrile Rubber by Single-Step in situ Polymerization

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsien-Tang Chiu ◽  
Tzong-Yiing Chiang ◽  
Li-Yang Chen ◽  
Chi-Yung Chang ◽  
Ming-Tai Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Nitrile Rubber ◽  
Conducting Polypyrrole

Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4 Coated by Nano-Polyaniline Coater for Lithium-Ion Batteries

2010 ◽  
Vol 146-147 ◽  
pp. 551-555
Author(s):  
Wen Qiang Gong ◽  
Yi Feng Chen ◽  
Bing Sun ◽  
Han Chen
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Specific Capacity ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Cycling Stability ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Capacity Loss ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Polyaniline Composites

Aniline was polymerized on the surface of LiFePO4 particles by in-situ polymerization technique, forming LiFePO4/polyaniline composites. The composites were characterized by Thermo gravimetric analysis, specific surface area tests, high resolution transmission electron microscopy observation. The specific capacity, rate capability and cycling stability of composites were studied by charge-discharge tests. The experimental results show that the LiFePO4/polyaniline composite containing 6.75% polyaniline possesses the best electrochemical properties. Its initial capacity reaches 151.97 mAh.g-1 at C/10 rate, its cycling stability is excellent, its specific capacity is 124.89 mAh.g-1 at 1 C rate, its capacity loss is only 17.82% when rate increased from C/10 to 1 C.

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