In situ polymerization of polypyrrole on cotton fabrics as flexible electrothermal materials

Polypyrrole/cotton composites have substantial application potential in flexible heating devices due to their flexibility, high conductivity, and thermal stability. In this context, a series of flexible polypyrrole/cotton fabrics were intrinsically prepared using in situ polymerization process with the different Py/FeCl3 concentration ratios. To investigate their structural and morphological properties, thermal stability, tensile strength, conductivity, and heat-generating property, the composite fabrics were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, mechanical properties, and resistivity measurements. The results showed that polypyrrole/cotton fabrics exhibited a low resistivity of 0.37 Ω cm. Temperature–time curve showed that temperature of the polypyrrole/cotton fabrics increased very quickly from room temperature to a steady-state maximum temperature of 168.3°C within 3 min at applied voltage of 5 V. Tensile strength of polypyrrole/cotton composites reached to 58 MPa, which far surpassed raw cotton fabrics. Therefore, polypyrrole/cotton fabrics have exhibited high electrical, thermal properties, and mechanical strength, which can be utilized as an ideal flexible heating element.

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Preparation and Characterization of Conductive Polyaniline/Zirconia Nanoparticles Composites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.221.302 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 221 ◽

pp. 302-307 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Hui Huang ◽

Zhong Cheng Guo ◽

Wei Zhu ◽

Fa Chuang Li

Keyword(s):

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Zro2 Nanoparticles ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Thermo Gravimetric ◽

Maximum Conductivity ◽

Conductive Polyaniline

Conductive polyaniline/zirconia (PANI/ZrO2) composites have been synthesized by in-situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of ZrO2 nanoparticles. The structure and morph- ology of composites were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), thermo- gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The conductivity was also investigated. The results showed that PANI and ZrO2 nanoparticles were not simply blended, and a strong interaction existed at the interface of ZrO2 and PANI. It was probably a composite at molecular level. The composites were more thermal stability than that of the pure PANI. XRD analyses confirmed PANI deposited on the surface of ZrO2 nanoparticles had no effect on crystallization performance of ZrO2 nanoparticles. Electrical conductivity measurements indicated that the conductivity of PANI/ZrO2 composites was much higher than that of PANI and the maximum conductivity obtained was 11.27S/cm at 15 wt% of ZrO2 nanoparticles.

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Carbon black/polypyrrole/nitrile rubber conducting composites: synergistic properties and compounding conductivity effect

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly.2011.11.1.412 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hsien-Tang Chiu ◽

Tzong-Yiing Chiang ◽

Chi-Yung Chang ◽

Ming-Tai Kuo

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Carbon Black ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Single Step ◽

Nitrile Rubber ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Mechanical Mixing ◽

Conducting Composites

AbstractElectrically conducting nitrile rubber (NBR) containing electro-conductive carbon black (CB) and polypyrrole as conducting-modifier were prepared by single-step in situ polymerization with mechanical mixing and compression molding (vulcanized). Our result showed CB/NBR and CB/ polypyrrole /NBR conducting composites presents high thermal stability. Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that the CB 50 phr / polypyrrole 10 phr /NBR of composites formula has highest thermal stability with improved degradation temperature from 422 °C (NBR matrix) to 440 °C at 10% weight loss. CB 50 phr and polypyrrole 10 phr has still optimum volume resistivity values 2.83×1010 to 2.03×103 ohm-cm above the percolation threshold. Therefore, incorporating CB with polypyrrole conducting-modifier showed four causes of advantage i.e. increase in thermal stability, conductive pathways, synergistic properties on thermal stability with reinforcement mechanical properties and compounding conductivity effect within the rubber matrix.

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Development and Assessment of Polymeric Laminate Blended Composites Reinforced with Bi-Woven Aramidic Fiber

International Letters of Chemistry Physics and Astronomy ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.38.99 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 38 ◽

pp. 99-110

Author(s):

B. Amarababu ◽

V. Pandu Rangadu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Chemical Resistance ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Flexural Modulus ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Solid Material ◽

Layer 2 ◽

Layer 4

In the present paper evaluates laminated aramidic bi-woven fibers reinforced in polyester-vinylester blended composites. The Duo polymers, polyester-vinylester were blended using in situ polymerization technique. Four planar layers were made simultaneously and keeping one over another and each layer make sure to be weighed off 15% were maintained in all layers with different orientations. Pre-assumed Layer-1(50/50) 50 %, 0º; Layer-2(35/35/30) 35 % 0º, 35 % +45º, 30 %,0; Layer-3 (25/50/25) 25 % 0º, 50% +45º, 25-45º; Layer-4 (25/25/25/25) (2 5% 0º, 25 % +45º, 25 % -45º, 25 % 90º). Tthe composite was prepared with the help of hand layup technique. Test ready specimens were the help of shearing machine in accordance with ASTM. It was observed that, polyester and vinylester had good miscibility makes combined solid material. Flexural strength, tensile strength was improved up to 3ed layer, decreases after, whereas flexural modulus and tensile modulus were linearly increased up to 4th layer. Thermal stability and glass transition temperature were also found satisfactory for all the laminated layers. Chemical resistance was good for the entire chemical except toluene.

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Properties of carbon black-PEDOT composite prepared via in-situ chemical oxidative polymerization

e-Polymers ◽

10.1515/epoly-2019-0008 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 61-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yong Xie ◽

Shi-Hao Zhang ◽

Hai-Yun Jiang ◽

Hui Zeng ◽

Ruo-Mei Wu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Thermal Stability ◽

Carbon Black ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Oxidative Polymerization ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Transmission Electron ◽

The One ◽

Thermal Stability Of

AbstractA new conductive composite composed of nanoscale carbon black (CB) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was prepared by a simple in-situ polymerization. The morphology of the composite was characterized by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The structure and thermal stability were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermal gravimetric analysis, respectively. The results indicated that the addition of CB improved the agglomerated state of PEDOT. On the one hand, CB effectively hindered the agglomeration of PEDOT during the polymerization. Thus, the obtained CB-PEDOT composite dispersed well in solution, which can facilitate the reprocessing of CB-PEDOT. On the other hand, CB covered most of the surface of PEDOT, which enhanced the electrical conductivity of CB-PEDOT. Furthermore, the interfacial interaction between CB and PEDOT improved the thermal stability of CB-PEDOT. The findings of this research suggest that CB can replace polyelectrolyte poly(styrenesulfonic acid) (PSS) to achieve reprocessable materials for certain applications.

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Potential Advantages of Poly(Acrylonitrile-Co-Methyl Acrylate)/Sodium Silicate Nanocomposites over P(An-Co-Ma) Copolymer

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/096739110901700607 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 17 (6) ◽

pp. 385-394

Author(s):

Bijayashree Samal ◽

Pradeep Kumar Rana ◽

Prafulla Kumar Sahoo

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Sodium Silicate ◽

Methyl Acrylate ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Ammonium Persulfate ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Soil Burial ◽

Poly Acrylonitrile

Poly (acrylonitrile-co-methyl acrylate) copolymer and P(AN-co-MA)/sodium silicate (SS) nanocomposite were synthesized via non-conventional emulsion method using an in situ transition metal complex Co(II)/EDTA and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The copolymer and nanocomposite so obtained were characterized and the results were compared. UV-visible spectral analysis revealed various interactions between the in situ complex and other reaction components. Infrared and 1H NMR spectra confirmed the formation of the P(AN-co-MA) copolymer and P(AN-co-MA)/SS nanocomposite. Furthermore, as evidenced by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the composite obtained was found to have nano scale structure. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies were carried out to analyze the aqueous dispersions of silicate with monomers, initiators, and monomers with initiators. For P(AN-co-MA) copolymer and P(AN-co-MA)/SS nanocomposite, XRD results confirmed that the silicate layers were exfoliated in the copolymer matrix during the polymerization process. An increase in the thermal stability for the nanocomposite was recorded by thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). In comparison with the P(AN-co-MA) copolymer, the new P(AN-co-MA)/SS nanocomposite was found to show super absorbency and was biodegradable when tested by soil burial, activated sludge and cultured media and further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

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Development and characterization of 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane-based benzoxazine and cyanate ester hybrid polymer matrices: Thermal and morphological properties

Polymers and Polymer Composites ◽

10.1177/0967391119853747 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (9) ◽

pp. 609-618

Author(s):

C Karikal Chozhan ◽

A Chandramohan ◽

M Alagar

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Fourier Transform ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Cyanate Ester ◽

Polymer Matrices ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Hybrid Polymer ◽

Flame Resistance

1,1-Bis(3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)cyclohexane-based benzoxazine monomer and 1,1-bis(3-methyl-4-cyanatophenyl)cyclohexane were blended together via in situ polymerization. The chemical blending of benzoxazines with cyanate ester was carried out thermally and the resulting product was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectra. The benzoxazine–cyanate ester hybrid polymer matrices were investigated for their thermal and morphological properties. The glass transition temperature, curing behavior, thermal stability, char yield, and flame resistance of the hybrid polymer matrices were studied by means of differential scanning calorimeter and thermogravimetric analysis.

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A Comparative study of Structural, Thermal and Conducting properties of Polyaniline, Polypyrrole and Poly (Ani-co-Py) Copolymer

MRS Advances ◽

10.1557/adv.2019.249 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (28-29) ◽

pp. 1639-1648

Author(s):

Monika Saini ◽

Nidhi Sheoran ◽

Rajni Shukla ◽

Tanuj Kumar ◽

S.K. Singh

Keyword(s):

Conducting Polymers ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Amorphous Structure ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Shielding Effectiveness ◽

Spherical Structures ◽

Higher Temperature ◽

Copolymer Poly

ABSTRACTConducting polymers namely polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPy) and their copolymer poly(Aniline-co-Pyrrole)(PAPY) were prepared via in-situ polymerization process. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), infra-red (IR)and field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) studies confirm the formation of polyaniline, polypyrrole and their copolymer with aniline and pyrrole. The XRD pattern of copolymer displayed an amorphous structure as compared to polycrystalline homopolymers. FE-SEM results of Poly (Ani-co-Py) shows the existence of agglomerated spherical structured particles in the copolymer matrix, while the polyaniline and polypyrrole exhibit the porous tubular and spherical structures, respectively. Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that the copolymer is more stable as compared to their homopolymers at higher temperature. Four probe resistivity (FPR) studies indicate that copolymer has the lower conductivity and act as a diode. Vector network analyzer (VNA) measurements observe a significant shielding effectiveness (SE) for all the conducting polymers.

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Influence of Graphene Oxide Contents on Mechanical Behavior of Polyurethane Composites Fabricated with Different Diisocyanates

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13030444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 444

Author(s):

Nadia Akram ◽

Muhammad Saeed ◽

Muhammad Usman ◽

Asim Mansha ◽

Fozia Anjum ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Mechanical Behavior ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Complex Modulus ◽

Phase Segregation ◽

Hexamethylene Diisocyanate ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Polyurethane Composites

The exceptional behavior of graphene has not yet been entirely implicit in the polymer matrix. To explore this fact in the present work, two series of Polyurethan (PU) composites were synthesized. The structural modification was observed by the use of two different diisocyanate of methylene diisocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) in hydroxylterminated polybutadiene (HTPB) by using I,4 Butane diol (BD) as the chain extender. The variation in hard segment up to 25 (wt.%) in both series led to significant changes in the mechanical behavior of graphene oxide (GO) induced composites. Both series were prepared by an in situ polymerization process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed a peak in the region of 1700 cm−1, which confirmed the conversion of the NCO group into urethane linkages. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a thermal stability up to 450 °C @ 90% weight loss. The swelling behavior showed the optimum uptake of 30% of water and 40% of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) with aliphatic diisocyanate. The values of storage modulus (E′), complex modulus (E*), and compliance complex (D*) were observed up to 7 MPa, 8 Mpa, and 0.7 MPa−1, respectively. The degree of entanglement (N) values were calculated from DMA and were found in the range of 1.7 × 10−4 (mol/m3). Phase segregation of PU was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), elucidating the morphology of composites.

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In Situ Polymerization of Nylon 66/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites

Journal of Nanomaterials ◽

10.1155/2018/1047985 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiaochao Duan ◽

Bin Yu ◽

Tonghui Yang ◽

Yanpeng Wu ◽

Hao Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Graphene Oxide ◽

Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Early Stage ◽

Ammonium Hydroxide ◽

Polymerization Process ◽

Nylon 66 ◽

Reduced Graphene

A one-step method of in situ polymerization of nylon 66/reduced graphene oxide (PA66/rGO) nanocomposites is first proposed, simply by introducing graphene oxide (GO) into PA66 salt with the existence of ammonium hydroxide. The GO is prereduced by the ammonium hydroxide at an early stage of the polymerization process and then grafted on the PA66 chains, accompanied with the thermal reduction of GO. The PA66 chains were grafted onto the GO nanosheets through the condensation between the oxygen-containing functional groups of the GO and the terminal amino ends of the PA66 chains. The effect of GO on the mechanical properties, especially tensile strength, of nanocomposites was investigated. The results revealed that the incorporation of a very small amount (about 1 wt%) of GO caused a significant improvement in ultimate tensile strength (about 17%). The SEM of the fracture surface of composites indicated a good dispersion of rGO in the matrix. Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and XRD patterns of rGO, which was isolated from nanocomposites, revealed that the GO nanolayers were simultaneously reduced and PA66 chains were grafted on the rGO nanosheet during the polymerization process. The rGO grafted with the PA66 chain increases its compatibility in the PA66 matrix and effectively enhanced the interfacial energy of the composites.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Polyaniline/Montmorillonite/La3+ Nanocomposites

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.79-82.1547 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 79-82 ◽

pp. 1547-1550

Author(s):

Ying Bing Wu ◽

Zun Li Mo ◽

Hong Chen ◽

Gui Ping Niu

Keyword(s):

Thermal Stability ◽

Thermal Decomposition ◽

Network Structure ◽

In Situ Polymerization ◽

Inorganic Nanoparticles ◽

Rare Earth Ions ◽

Pure Pani ◽

Gravimetric Analysis ◽

Thermal Stability Of

A new nanocomposite consisting of polyaniline (PANI), montmorillonite (MMT) and La3+ was developed via in-situ polymerization of aniline in the presence of MMT and La3+ through emulsion polymerization, and also a novel network structure consisting of nanowires had been shaped. The morphology and the chemical structure of the product were studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermal property was exmined by mean of gravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that PANI/MMT/ La3+ namocomposite has formed nanowires with diameter about 5 nm. The novel network structure consisting of nanowires has been shaped and overlapped towards certain direction. The formation of this network structure reveals that PANI molecules have been successfully inserted into the interlayer of MMT. Meanwhile, this conductivity network is believed to lead to the great improvement of the electrical conductivity for the nanocomposites. The FT-IR spectra reveal that PANI is obtained via in situ polymerization of the aniline monomer and there is a strong interaction between PANI and MMT. From XRD analysis, it can be also seen that the PANI molecules had been successfully intercalated into the galleries of the MMT. Moreover, the arrangement of PANI is more ordered in PANI/MMT/La3+ nanocomposite than that of pure PANI. From TGA curves, it is apparent that the introduction of MMT and rare-earth ions (La3+) exhibited a beneficial effect on the thermal stability of pure PANI. This markedly enhanced thermal stability of the nanocomposites can be ascribed to the MMT nanolayers acting as barriers for the degradation of PANI in the interlayer spacings and the inorganic nanoparticles trammeled the movement of the PANI molecule chains. They make the thermal decomposition of the nanocomposites at a disadvantage. As a consequence, the needed energy of the thermal decomposition increased, the thermal stability of nanocomposite increased. The paper offers a novel PANI/MMT/La3+ nanowire composites.

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