Effect of boron-nitrogen modified soybean oil additive on biodegradability, anti-oxidation property, and lubricity of rapeseed oil

2019 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Liu ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Jiang Wu ◽  
Wang Lin ◽  
Yanhan Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Modified Soybean Oil ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Friction Reducing ◽  
Boron Nitrogen

Two novel boron-nitrogen modified soybean oil additives with different length of chain structures (abbreviated as BNS1 and BNS2) were synthesized. The thermal stability of BNS1 and BNS2 was evaluated by thermo-gravimetric analysis. The effect of the as-synthesized additives on the biodegradability, anti-oxidation property, and lubricity in rapeseed oil was evaluated by respective standard method. Moreover, the morphology and tribochemical characteristics of the worn surfaces were examined by scanning electron microscope assembled with energy dispersive spectrometer. The results indicated that BNS1 and BNS2 both possess good thermal stability; BNS1 slightly impairs the biodegradability of rapeseed oil, but BNS2 facilitates the biodegradability of rapeseed oil. BNS1 and BNS2 could improve the anti-wear and friction-reducing performance of the rapeseed oil, but BNS1 exhibited better anti-wear ability as compared to that of BNS2, BNS2 exhibited better anti-wear ability in reducing friction coefficients as compared to that of BNS1. The enhanced anti-wear and friction-reducing abilities of rapeseed oil were ascribed to the formation of a composite boundary lubrication film due to the strong adsorption of BNS1 or BNS2 and rapeseed oil onto the lubricated surfaces and their tribochemical reactions with metal surfaces. BNS1 and BNS2 could both facilitate the anti-oxidation properties of the rapeseed oil.

The Preparation and Tribological Behaviors of Boron-Nitrogen Containing Modified Soybean Oil as Additives for Lubricating Oil

2012 ◽  
Vol 622-623 ◽  
pp. 561-565
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Fang ◽  
Bo Shui Chen ◽  
Jiu Wang ◽  
Jiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Lubricating Oil ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Carrier Effect ◽  
Modified Soybean Oil ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Worn Surface ◽  
Boron Nitrogen

A type of new environmentally friendly lube additive----boron-nitrogen containing modified soybean oil was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectrum. Its tribological properties in rapeseed oil were tested on the four balls tester. The morphographies and tribochemical species of the worn surfaces were analyzed by means of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X--ray Photoelectron Spectroscope (XPS). The results show that the type of modified soybean oil as additives can obviously increase the load-carrying capacity 、anti-wear and friction-reducing abilities of rapeseed oil. Its lubrication mechanism is inferred that a high strength adsorption film and/or tribochemistry reaction film on the worn surface of the Al alloy due the carrier effect of a long chain rapeseed oil, high reaction activities of nitrogen, electron-deficient of boron and their synergisms.

Synthesis of Formaldehyde Free Amino Resin to Produce Green Eco-Labelled Leather with Improved Retanning Properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Muhammad Naveed Ashraf ◽  
Shahzad Maqsood Khan ◽  
Shahid Munir ◽  
Rashid Saleem
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Sulfanilic Acid ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Melamine Resin ◽  
Organoleptic Properties ◽  
Formaldehyde Content ◽  
Leather Processing ◽  
Percentage Efficiency

Formaldehyde has many applications in the chemical industry including synthesis of amino resins which are used in leather processing. After application in leather, these resins are hydrolyzed under certain conditions to release free formaldehyde which has high environmental concerns due to its proven carcinogenic effects. The objective of this work is to develop a formaldehyde free melamine-based resin to produce green leather with improved retanning properties and thermal stability. The optimum melamine resin was synthesized by condensing melamine with glyoxal instead of formaldehyde. Further, the water solubility and improved thermal stability of synthesized melamine resins were achieved by introduction of sulfanilic acid in resin structure. Synthesized resin was used in leather retanning in comparison with commercially available melamine resin as a control. Both leathers were tested for mechanical properties, organoleptic properties, grain surface and fiber structure analysis. Comparative free formaldehyde content was measured in resultant leathers. Effluents of retanning baths were comparatively analyzed. Optimum resin was also characterized by thermo gravimetric analysis and FTIR. The results of this study showed that the experimental resin has imparted significant improvement in mechanical and organoleptic properties of leather as compared to the control resin. Analysis of free formaldehyde content confirmed the absence of free formaldehyde in leather treated with optimum resin while 141 mg/kg formaldehyde was detected in leather treated with control resin. Free formaldehyde was also absent in effluent of experimental resin while 305 mg/kg formaldehyde was detected in effluent of control resin. Moreover, percentage efficiency in COD, TDS and TSS load of effluent was observed as 9.62, 7.2 and 6.31 respectively.  Resultant leather was free from formaldehyde making it safe for human along with reduction in pollution load of tannery.  

Tribological and thermomechanical analysis of CaO (quicklime) particulates filled ZA-27 alloy composites for bearing application

2015 ◽  
Vol 232 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Gangwar ◽  
Amar Patnaik ◽  
IK Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Normal Load ◽  
Energy Dispersive Spectrometer ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Surface Profile ◽  
Specific Wear Rate ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Load Range ◽  
Environment Temperature

This research work investigates friction and wears behaviour of CaO filler / particulate reinforced ZA-27 alloy composites. Pin-on-disk tribometer confining to ASTM G 99 standard with EN-31 hardened steel disc was used to simulate the tribological performance experimentally. The tribological parameters were evaluated over a normal load range of 5–45 N, sliding velocity of 1.047–5.235 m/s., sliding distance of 500–2500 m, environment temperature of 25–45℃ and filler content range of 0–10 wt%. The various alloy composites were fabricated under vacuum environment by high-temperature gravity casting technique. The steady-state specific wear rate and coefficient of friction were evaluated under different boundary conditions and thereafter Taguchi design of experiment methodology was adopted to compute the experimental specific wear rate of the proposed alloy composites. The dynamic mechanical analysis and thermo-gravimetric analysis study were also performed in order to observe the thermal characteristics of the composites at higher temperature. Finally, the surface morphology of the worn samples was performed using field-emission scanning electron microscope to understand the wear mechanism prevailed at rubbing surfaces and then atomic force microscopy analysis was studied to evaluate the surface profile of the worn sample. At the end, energy-dispersive spectrometer analysis was also performed to find out the elemental compositions of the worn alloy composites.

Enhancement of Thermo-Oxidative Stability of Vegetable Oil Based Lubricant via Chemical Modification Techniques

2015 ◽  
Vol 813-814 ◽  
pp. 695-699
Author(s):  
S. Arumugam ◽  
G. Sriram ◽  
A. Hemanth Sai Kumar Chowdary ◽  
Janga Subramanya Sai
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Modification ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Transesterification Method ◽  
Unique Chemical

The rising demand for environmentally acceptable lubricant has led researchers to look to vegetable oils as an alternative to petroleum based lubricants. Vegetable oils have radically distinctive properties owing to their unique chemical structure which have greater ability to lubricate and have higher biodegradability. In spite of advantages, they are limited to inadequate thermo-oxidative stability and poor low-temperature properties which hinder their utilization. In the present study in order to produce a bio lubricant with good thermo-oxidative stability, rapeseed oil was subjected to two different chemical modification techniques viz., epoxidation method and successive transesterification method. The thermo-oxidative stability of formulated oil was analysed using Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). TGA analysis divulges that the thermo-oxidative stability of rapeseed oil was greatly improved with the epoxidation method in comparison with the successive transesterification method.

Effect of Alkali and Silane Treatment on the Thermal Stability of Hemp Fibers as Reinforcement in Composite Structures

2011 ◽  
Vol 415-417 ◽  
pp. 666-670 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Lu ◽  
Shubhashini Oza ◽  
Ian Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Composite Structures ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Silane Treatment ◽  
Hemp Fibers ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Natural fiber reinforced composites are being used as reinforcement material in composite system due to their positive environmental benefits. Added to that, natural fibers offer advantages such as low density, low cost, good toughness, high specific strength, relatively non-abrasive and wide availability. However, the low thermal stability of natural fibers is one of the major challenges to increase their use as reinforcing component. In this study, a thorough investigation has been done to compare the effect of two chemical treatment methods on the thermal stability of hemp fibers. 5wt% sodium hydroxide and 5wt% triethoxyvinylsilane was used for the treatment of hemp fibers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermo gravimetric analysis were used for characterization of untreated and treated fiber. The results indicated that 24 hours alkali treatment and 3 hours silane treatment time enhanced the thermal stability of the hemp fiber. However, alkali treatment shows better improvement compared to silane treatment.

Palm Kernel Shell Filled Recycled High-Density Polyethylene: Effect of Filler Loading

2016 ◽  
Vol 857 ◽  
pp. 191-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nadiatul Husna ◽  
Bee Ying Lim ◽  
H. Salmah ◽  
Chun Hong Voon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
High Density ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Palm kernel shells (PKS) filled recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) biocomposites were produced using melt mixing. The biocomposites were prepared on Brabender Plasticorder at temperature of 185 °C and rotor speed of 50 rpm by varying filler loading (0 to 40 phr). In this study, the effect of PKS loading on rheological properties and thermal stability of rHDPE/PKS were investigated. Rheological study of the biocomposites was carried out by means of capillary rheometer under temperature of 190 °C, 200 °C and 210 °C. Thermal properties of biocomposites were studied by using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The rheological results showed that the flowability of the composite increased with increasing temperature. Meanwhile, the result of TGA showed that at higher PKS loading, rHDPE/PKS biocomposites had lower total weight loss. The thermal stability of the biocomposites was reduced due to the addition of filler loading.

Study on the thermal stability of Controlled Permeability Formwork

2011 ◽  
Vol 374-377 ◽  
pp. 1426-1429
Author(s):  
Xiao Meng Guo ◽  
Jian Qiang Li ◽  
Xian Sen Zeng ◽  
De Dao Hong
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Construction Work ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

In this study, the thermal properties of a kind of new geotextile materials, so called controlled permeable formwork (CPF), were studied. Thermo-gravimetric analysis showed that the weight of CPF didn’t change much between 0~350 °C. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that the storage modulus of CPF reduced from 25 MPa to around 10 MPa when the temperature rose to above 100 °C. The strength of sample decreased slightly with the increase of the temperature. The breaking elongation changed slightly with a maximum at 80 °C. The CPF showed excellent thermal stability and was suitable for general use in construction work.

Effect of Boron-Nitrogen Containing Modified Soybean Oil Lubricating Additive on Friction and Wear Behavior of Steel-Steel and Steel-Aluminum Alloy Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 380-384 ◽  
pp. 8-11
Author(s):  
Jian Hua Fang ◽  
Bo Shui Chen ◽  
Jiu Wang ◽  
Jiang Wu
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Friction And Wear ◽  
Wear Behavior ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Friction And Wear Behavior ◽  
Modified Soybean Oil ◽  
Boron Nitrogen ◽  
Alloy Systems ◽  
Worn Surfaces

A type of new environmentally friendly lube additive---boron-nitrogen modified soybean oil was synthesized and characterized by infrared spectrum. Its effect on the friction and wear behavior of steel-steel and steel-aluminum alloy systems were investigated with a four-ball machine and an Optimol SRV friction and wear tester respectively. The morphographies of the worn surfaces were analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The worn surfaces of the 2024Al alloy block were analyzed by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).The results show that the type of modified soybean oil as additives can obviously decrease the wear rate and friction coefficient of steel pair and steel-aluminum frictional pair. Its lubrication mechanism is inferred that a high strength adsorption film and/or tribochemistry reaction film on the worn surface of the Al alloy due the carrier effect of a long chain soybean oil, high reaction activities of nitrogen, electron-deficient of boron and their synergisms.

scholarly journals In situ polymerization of polypyrrole on cotton fabrics as flexible electrothermal materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 155892501982744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Xie ◽  
Wei Pan ◽  
Zheng Guo ◽  
Shan Shan Jiao ◽  
Ling Ping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis

Polypyrrole/cotton composites have substantial application potential in flexible heating devices due to their flexibility, high conductivity, and thermal stability. In this context, a series of flexible polypyrrole/cotton fabrics were intrinsically prepared using in situ polymerization process with the different Py/FeCl3 concentration ratios. To investigate their structural and morphological properties, thermal stability, tensile strength, conductivity, and heat-generating property, the composite fabrics were subjected to Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermo-gravimetric analysis, mechanical properties, and resistivity measurements. The results showed that polypyrrole/cotton fabrics exhibited a low resistivity of 0.37 Ω cm. Temperature–time curve showed that temperature of the polypyrrole/cotton fabrics increased very quickly from room temperature to a steady-state maximum temperature of 168.3°C within 3 min at applied voltage of 5 V. Tensile strength of polypyrrole/cotton composites reached to 58 MPa, which far surpassed raw cotton fabrics. Therefore, polypyrrole/cotton fabrics have exhibited high electrical, thermal properties, and mechanical strength, which can be utilized as an ideal flexible heating element.

Polymer nanocomposites reinforced with C60 fullerene: effect of hydroxylation

2011 ◽  
Vol 45 (25) ◽  
pp. 2595-2601 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuyoshi Saotome ◽  
Ken Kokubo ◽  
Shogo Shirakawa ◽  
Takumi Oshima ◽  
H. Thomas Hahn
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Nanocomposite Films ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
C60 Fullerene ◽  
Partial Hydrolysis ◽  
Poly Vinyl Alcohol ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Novel nanocomposite films of polycarbonate (PC) with fullerene derivatives, such as pristine fullerene C60 and polyhydroxylated-fullerenes, C60(OH)12 and C60(OH)36, were prepared. The optical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites were measured. Nanocomposite films of poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) with C60(OH)36 were prepared as a reference to show how improved dispersion of the nanofiller affects the overall transparency of the composites. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy showed that the addition of hydroxylated fullerenes did not affect visible light transmittance of the films significantly in the range of 400–800 nm. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo–gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements showed the increased thermal stability of PC/C60(OH)12 film as compared to pristine PC film. This phenomenon was explained by the rigid polymer interphase regions formed around C60(OH)12 due to the plausible hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interaction. On the other hand, the lower thermal stability of PC–C60(OH)36 was assumed to be caused by large agglomeration of the C60(OH)36 particles and the partial hydrolysis of the polycarbonate matrix. Tensile testing of the composites showed reduction in elongation at break and yield tensile strength. These results may be caused by the particle agglomerations which act as the initiation points for cracks.

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