scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals in needles and bark of Pinus species

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Parzych ◽  
Sergej Mochnacký ◽  
Zbigniew Sobisz ◽  
Natalia Kurhaluk ◽  
Nora Polláková
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Pinus Species ◽  
Conifer Needles ◽  
Coniferous Needles ◽  
Cu And Zn

AbstractDuring the research, cumulative properties of conifer needles P. armandii, P. banksiana, P. mugo, P. nigra, P. sylvestris and P. wallichiana in reference to Cu, Ni, Mn, Fe, Zn and Cd were analysed, and the factors which have an impact on the chemical composition of the bark of those species were identified. During the study, the age of needles and the content of the examined components in soil was taken into consideration. The content of metals in the needles varied, depending on a species and the age of the coniferous needles. In most cases, a higher level of content of those metals was determined in 2 years old needles, except for Cu and Zn (P. banksiana) as well as Zn (P. nigra), in which case, higher concentration of metals in 1 year old needles was determined. The obtained results indicate that the heavy metals’ concentration in the samples of needles was relatively low, except for Ni (P. armandii, P. sylvestris, P. wallchiana) and Cd (P. armandii, P. banksiana), which showed higher levels. Among the examined elements, Mn was accumulated in the largest volume in the needles of P. banksiana, Fe and Cu in the needles of P. wallchiana, Ni in the needles of P. sylvestris, Zn in the needles of P. nigra and Cd in the needles of P. armandii. The bark samples represented a clearly acidic reaction, with pH levels from 3.7 (P. sylvestris) to 4.9 (P. armandii). The highest quantities of Mn, Fe, Cu and Cd were accumulated by the bark of P. armandii, Ni in the bark of P. sylvestris and Cu in the bark of P. mugo.

Assessment of heavy metals in tobacco of cigarettes commonly sold in Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Cigarette Tobacco ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Wet Digestion ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Cu And Zn ◽  
Significant Flux

A significant flux of heavy metals, among other toxins, reaches the lungs through smoking. This study reports Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn contents in tobacco of 11 brands of cigarette commonly sold in Ethiopia. The heavy metals were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after wet digestion of cigarette tobacco using HNO3 and H2O2. The concentration of trace metals in the cigarettes ranged (mean) (μg/g), Cd: 1.3−7.6 (2.48±0.32), Pb: 0.50−12.50 (6.24±2.2), Cu: 2.89−25.35 (13.70±4.12) and Zn: 24.40−62.55 (36.22±7.50) while Ni was not detected in all the eleven brands of cigarettes. Comparable levels of trace metals were obtained in the tobacco of both imported and Ethiopian cigarettes. The average trace metal contents of cigarettes available in Ethiopia were Cd 1.82±0.39, Pb 4.23±0.97, Cu 10.2±3.1 and Zn 28.2±7.8 μg/cigarette and a person who smokes 20 cigarettes per day is estimated to increase his/her daily Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn retention by approximately 0.036, 0.085, 0.204, 0.564 mg/day, respectively. The results indicate that smoking and exposure to cigarette smoke is a serious problem to be taken into account when carrying out epidemiological studies on human exposure to trace metals.

HEAVY METALS IN WATER, SEDIMENTS AND MARINE FISHES FROM BULGARIAN BLACK SEA

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katya Peycheva ◽  
Katya Peycheva ◽  
Mona Stancheva ◽  
Mona Stancheva ◽  
Stanislava Georgieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Black Sea ◽  
Fish Species ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Marine Fishes ◽  
Marine Water ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sprattus Sprattus ◽  
Cu And Zn

In this study, the ecosystem marine water-sediment-biota was investigated and the pollution was assessed. The concentrations of eight elements were determined in marine water, sediments and four fish species collected from Black Sea (Varna), Bulgaria during 2013. Marine water recorded the highest concentrations of Zn (15-22 μg/L), As (1.1–1.2 μg/L) and Pb (0.7-0.8 μg/L) while Zn (31-52 μg/g), Pb (21-29 μg/g) and Cu (20-34 μg/g) and show the highest concentrations in sediments. Water and sediments showed similar spatial distribution patterns for the highest mean values of the different metals. In the analysed fish species, the highest concentration of the metals Cu and Zn were found in Trachurus Mediterrneus (0.42 mg/kg w.w) and in Sprattus Sprattus (12.7 mg/kg w.w), respectively while the heavy metals As and Hg were found with maximum values in Pseta Maxima (3.99 mg/kg w.w and 0.08 mg/kg w.w respectively). The results from this study were compared with our data for a previous period (2004-2006) and they show decrease in the levels of heavy metal.

scholarly journals The Effect of Granular Activated Carbon and Biochar on the Availability of Cu and Zn to Hordeum sativum Distichum in Contaminated Soil

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 841
Author(s):  
Marina Burachevskaya ◽  
Saglara Mandzhieva ◽  
Tatiana Bauer ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Vishnu Rajput ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Granular Activated Carbon ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Metal Compounds ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Sorption ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Cu And Zn

The presence of heavy metals in the soil could impose serious problems on soil-plant systems due to the accumulation of heavy metals in plants. Even vital elements such as Cu and Zn have a toxic effect in the case of excessive intake by living organisms. The present work aimed to investigate the content of loosely bound (exchangeable, complexed, and specifically sorbed) compounds of Cu and Zn and their availability to spring barley (Hordeum sativum distichum) in contaminated Haplic Chernozem soil under the conditions of a model experiment (five approximate permissible concentrations (APC) and 10 APC of metal). Changes in the bioavailability of the metals upon application of carbon sorbents were observed. An increase in loosely bound metal compounds has been shown under conditions of soil contamination with metals (up to 57% of the total content). The increase in the availability of Cu in the soil was mainly due to the formation of complexed metal forms with organic matter (up to 17%). The availability of Zn was found to be associated with an increase in exchangeable (up to 21%) and specifically sorbed compounds (up to 27%). Granular activated carbon (GAC) and biochar have high sorption properties. A decrease in the content of loosely bound compounds of metals was established, especially in the most mobile forms such as exchangeable and complexed forms. The introduction of sorbents into the soil opened up a new venue for binding heavy metals in situ, eventually leading to a decrease in their bioavailability. The inactivation of Cu and Zn in the soil upon the application of sorbents led to a decrease in metal absorption by spring barley. The highest efficiency of biochar application was established at a dose of 2.5% and 5% in soil contaminations of 5 APC and 10 APC of Cu or Zn. The efficiency of the use of sorbents was more influenced by the dose of application than by the type of sorbent. There was no significant difference between biochar and GAC. Stabilization and inactivation of metals may improve soil fertility and plant growth.

scholarly journals Elementary chemical analysis in leaves infected by fumagina by X-Ray fluorescence technique

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 851-860 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sélia Blonski ◽  
Carlos Roberto Appoloni ◽  
Paulo Sérgio Parreira ◽  
Pedro Henrique Arruda Aragão ◽  
Virgilio Franco Nascimento Filho
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Fluorescence Technique ◽  
Energy Dispersion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Elementary Chemical ◽  
Cu And Zn

Energy Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence Technique (EDXRF) was employed to study the effects of the fumagina disease on the elementary chemical composition of the leaves. The experimental set up consisted of a Mo X-ray tube (Ksub<FONT FACE=Symbol>µ</FONT> = 17.44 keV) with Zr filter and a Si (Li) detector. The measurements were performed with the infected and healthy leaves of citric plants. The elements Ti, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn were quantified, with an average DL of 69, 12, 8, 4 and 4 µg.g-1 respectively. The obtained concentration for Fe varied from 44 to 192 µg.g-1 in healthy leaves and from 363 to 704 µg.g-1 in infected leaves with fumagina .

Research on the stability of heavy metals (Cu, Zn) in excess sludge with the pretreatment of thermal hydrolysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 890-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huimin Wu ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Chao Sheng
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Chemical Speciation ◽  
Stable Form ◽  
Thermal Hydrolysis ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Cu And Zn

Thermal hydrolysis (TH) has been used to improve anaerobic digestion performance as well as the stability of heavy metals in sludge. Because the toxicity of heavy metals is closely related to both the concentration and the chemical speciation, more exhaustive studies on speciation distribution are urgently needed. This research aimed to investigate the effects of TH treatment (especially the time and temperature) on the concentration and stability of heavy metals in sludge, and to define the optimal TH conditions. The TH experiment indicated that the content of the stable form of Cu and Zn reached 83% and 47.4%, respectively, with TH at 210°C and 30 min. Compared with the raw sludge, the proportion of Cu and Zn increased by 11.88% and 7.3%, respectively. Results indicated that the heavy metals were combined with sludge in a more stable form with the pretreatment of TH, which improved the stability of heavy metals.

scholarly journals Chemical composition of leaves of a mangrove tree (Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham.) and their correlation with some soil variables

1970 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashafaque Ahmed ◽  
Mikael Ohlson ◽  
Sirajul Hoque ◽  
Md Golam Moula
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sonneratia Apetala ◽  
Mangrove Tree ◽  
Soil Variables ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
High Concentrations

Chemical composition of leaves of Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. collected from three islands (chars) representing three hydrological regimes in a segment of the coastal zone of Bangladesh was studied. Their relations to some soil chemical and physical variables have also been investigated. The results showed that concentrations of B, C, Fe, Ga, Li, Mg, Mn, N, Na, P, Zn and Sr in leaves of S. apetala grown in different islands differed significantly. It was also revealed that some heavy metals, viz. Mn, Fe, Al, Sr and Ti showed wide range of concentrations. The leaves from one of the locations in Motherbunia island were characterized by exceptional high concentrations of heavy metals such as Al, As, Cu, Fe, Li, Ni, Pb that may be due to local contamination. Leaves sampled in the most seaward locations of the same island had highest concentrations of Ba, Ca, Cu, Mn and Na. High Mn concentration was found in the leaves of S. apetala of Motherbunia island. Correlations among soil and plant samples were generally very weak and organic matter content of soil did not appear to play a significant role in the nutrient supply of S. apetala. Key words: Coastal zone; tidal inundation; elemental concentration; Sonneratia apetala DOI: 10.3329/bjb.v39i1.5528Bangladesh J. Bot. 39(1): 61-69, 2010 (June)

scholarly journals Assessment of heavy metals in soils of a vineyard region with the use of principal component analysis

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Souza Valladares ◽  
Otávio Antônio de Camargo ◽  
José Ruy Porto de Carvalho ◽  
Alessandra Maria Cia Silva
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Zn Content ◽  
Heavy Metals In Soils ◽  
Cu And Zn

Agricultural management with chemicals may contaminate the soil with heavy metals. The objective of this study was to apply Principal Component Analysis and geoprocessing techniques to identify the origin of the metals Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr and Cd as potential contaminants of agricultural soils. The study was developed in an area of vineyard cultivation in the State of São Paulo, Brazil. Soil samples were collected and GPS located under different uses and coverings. The metal concentrations in the soils were determined using the DTPA method. The Cu and Zn content was considered high in most of the samples, and was larger in the areas cultivated with vineyards that had been under the application of fungicides for several decades. The concentrations of Cu and Zn were correlated. The geoprocessing techniques and the Principal Component Analysis confirmed the enrichment of the soil with Cu and Zn because of the use and management of the vineyards with chemicals in the preceding decades.

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