scholarly journals Character mediation of plot structure: Toward an embodied model of narrative

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-112
Author(s):  
Carmen Tu ◽  
Steven Brown
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Abstract Structure ◽  
Plot Structure

AbstractThe classic view of narrative since the time of Aristotle is that plot structure is prioritized over characters in defining the nature of stories. According to this view, plot is an abstract structure external to the protagonist, and the protagonist’s actions are determined by the thematic goals of the plot. The current analysis calls for a reversal in the prioritization of these elements in creating a story. We present an Embodied Plot model in which character not only drives plot, but embodies plot as well. According to this model, the dramatic arc of plots is attributable to psychological processes occurring in the protagonist’s mind. Plot structure is thus isomorphic with the psychological and problem-solving experience of the protagonist inside the storyworld. We apply this model to a number of fairy tales to demonstrate how the dramatic arc of these stories can be explained in each case by the protagonist’s experientiality.

scholarly journals Leadership B. S. – Jeffrey Pfeffer and leadership industry

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-154
Author(s):  
Leonardo Vils ◽  
Gustavo Viegas Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Confirmation Bias ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
The Way

“Developing leadership” is a constant search for professionals interested on acting in a more assertively in the organizations they perform their roles. Leadership BS is another endeavor by Jeffrey Pfeffer that makes us think over the tenets which the leadership industry, as the author refers to it, imposes to us daily. In a work based on the urgent need to incorporate evidence to a practice that could cause financial damage and other harmful consequences to the society, Pfeffer easily succeed on demonstrating why, for instance, some behaviors which are assumed as role models are nothing but fairy tales that only exist on classrooms and courses which efficacy is doubtful – if efficacy is understood as educating better leaders. The author challenges his readers to rethink the way they act, by understanding how psychological processes such as confirmation bias and self-deceiving reshape the wished format of leadership, which is taught, but nor practiced.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of a newly developed learning difficulties scale in the Omani society

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (31) ◽  
pp. 771-786
Author(s):  
Ibrahim A. Al-Qaryout ◽  
Maher M. Abu-Hilal ◽  
Humaira Alsulaimani
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
Learning Difficulty ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Measure Anova ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Attention Memory ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. Learning difficulties (LD) is a recent construct. It has been agreed that the individual who suffers from learning difficulty has a disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes, including attention, cognition, formation of concepts, memory, problem solving, understanding or reading, speaking or writing, or computing.Method. This study was designed to test the construct (convergent and discriminate) validity of this conception of LD with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Also, responses of normal students were compared to responses of students identified as having learning difficulty. The sample comprised 410 children from Muscat School Zone, who were rated by their teachers (30) teachers based on the newly questionnaire. The questionnaire is composed by six domains and each measures one component of difficulties. These components are difficulties in: perception, attention, memory, writing, arithmetic and reading.Results. Reliability analysis and factor analysis revealed that the measure possesses both reliability and factorial validity.Discussion and conclusion. The CFA confirmed the structure of the measure. ANOVA revealed significant differences between normal and LD children on most of the LD components, the providing further support to its construct validity

Even epic tradition: collection, local specificity, characteristic features

2021 ◽  
pp. 9-23
Author(s):  
Sardana I. Sharina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Epic Tradition ◽  
Oral Form ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Plot Structure ◽  
Systematic Collection

The paper is devoted to the Even epic samples of nimkans, a stable and well-established system with an oral form transmitted from generation to generation by storytellers since ancient times. In the epic tradition of the Evens, the song-prose and prose epic coexist to the present day, while earlier there was also a true song epic, performed entirely in song form. Nimkan is the name of the whole epic, with the standard being a prose narrative with song form dialogues presented by a nimkalan. The Even epic tale samples have been present in the scientific turnover since the 18th century. The systematic collection and publication of Even folklore began in the 1930s. According to the recording place, dialectal affiliation, linguistic and ethnographic facture, the author systematizes and classifies local groups, including five types of epic tradition representation: the Okhotsky epic, the Momsky epic, the Kolymsky epic, the Oymyakon-Tomponsky epic, and the Northern epic. Epic works are described in terms of plot structure, poetics, and their relation to other genres (fairy tales and legends). One of the distinctive features of the Even epic is the plausibility of the content. There is no indication of the hero’s ethnicity or genealogy, there being many nameless heroes. The Even epic features a lack of poetic means. Unlike fairy tales, it was not influenced by the eastern and northeastern neighbors’ folklore - the Yukaghirs, Chukchi, or Koryaks. The Yakut vocabulary in the Even epic is not numerous and refers to borrowings associated with communicative practices.

Propp Revisited: A Structural Analysis of Vuk Karadžić’s Collection Serbian Folk Fairy Tales

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 335-367
Author(s):  
Dijana Vučković ◽  
Vesna Bratić
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Folk Tales ◽  
The Core ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
Vuk Stefanovic Karadzic ◽  
Plot Structure ◽  
Vladimir Propp

SummaryIn the mid-19th century Vuk Stefanović Karadžić collected folk tales in the broader South-Slavic region and published them in a collection titled Serbian Folk Tales. Folk fairy tales make the major part of the collection. In this paper, the authors determine the folk fairy tale structure according to the methodology proposed by Vladimir Propp in the Morphology of the Folktale. The aim of the paper is to investigate, whether these fairy tales can be fully described using Propp’s Morphology. Propp’s model of the meta-folk fairy tale was developed inductively based on a rich, comprehensive, yet limited, corpus of Russian folk fairy tales, which opens up space for further testing of the proposed model.The hypothesis was set that the analyzed folk fairy tales completely conform to the plot structure of the meta-folk fairy tale with a maximum of 31 functions as proposed by Propp. The hypothesis is grounded in: 1. the time when the folktales were collected (mid-19th century, the same time as the Russian collection analyzed by Propp) and 2. the similarity of the South Slavic peoples with the peoples of the Slavic East.However, after categorial and structural analyses of the corpus were performed, it was clear that the hypothesis could not be accepted in its entirety. In the analyzed folk fairy tales, no new functions were found as compared to the 31 functions identified by Propp, but some of these functions were altered as compared to those to be expected in folk tales. This alteration occurred not only regarding the changed order of functions, assimilation and cases of dual morphological meanings of functions, but also in terms of the fantastic category of the marvelous, which is the core feature of the fairy tale genre, whose nature was changed. The study identified the rationalization of some magical motifs, which partially mitigates the quality of the miraculous in the fairy tale and found out that, in some cases, the marvelous was mitigated and “shifted” towards the (merely) fantastic. This was achieved by introducing oniric elements. One of the important conclusions of our study of the fairy tale is that these fairy tales, although labeled as folk tales, feature significant authorial intervention.

scholarly journals Formation of Coherent Speech in Senior Preschoolers with the Third Degree Alalia

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikhail Simkin ◽  
Kristina Gelikhova
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Speech Development ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Speech Delay ◽  
The Third ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Complex Process

The article considers theoretical approaches to understanding coherent speech as a complex process in psychological and pedagogical aspects. The research featured coherent speech in children with normal speech development and its features in preschoolers with the third degree of speech delay, or alalia. The subject of the study was the technology of forming coherent speech in children of preschool age with a general speech delay at an educational institution. The research objective was to identify, theoretically substantiate, and experimentally verify the possibilities of using the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving as a means of coherent speech formation in children of preschool age. The paper describes the qualitative parameters of coherent speech of preschoolers with a general speech delay of the third degree. Coherent speech in senior preschoolers with the third degree alalia demonstrated a variability of violations in speech mastering, i.e. a different ratio of semantic, lexical, and grammatical errors, both at sentence and text level. The paper introduces various technologies of coherent speech formation, including illustration-based storytelling, making up riddles and fairy tales, describing personal experience, ect. The research confirmed the positive impact of the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving on coherent speech formation in senior preschoolers with the third degree alalia.

To the results of the discussion about the folklore identity of the Kalmyk tale from “The Captain’s Daughter” by A.S. Pushkin

Neophilology ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 503-511
Author(s):  
Aleksey A. Burykin
Keyword(s):  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Original Work ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Plot Structure ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Independent Work ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of the work is the Kalmyk fairy tale about the eagle and the raven, which is present in the story of A.S. Pushkin “The Captain’s Daughter” (1836). One group of scientists believes that this fairy tale-parable was composed by A.S. Pushkin himself. We represent those researchers who recognize this fairy tale as an independent work of A.S. Pushkin during a trip to the Orenburg region. Despite the fact that this tale is absent in the manuscripts of A.S. Pushkin and is not identified in the folklore of Russian Kalmyks, there are serious reasons to recognize it as an original work of Kalmyk folklore. This is convinced by the structure of the tale’s plot, which is becoming a series of tales about the relationship of animals, the recording of a similar tale among the Evens – the people of the Tungusic group, the existence of the same tale among the Xinjiang Kalmyks, the availability of information about the Kalmyk woman who told this tale to A.S. Pushkin, the widespread opposition of the eagle and the raven in the folklore of the peoples of the world, the presence of such semantic structures in the indexes of fairy tales and motives of S. Thompson. By the nature of the semantic elements composition and the plot structure, we can judge that neither A.S. Pushkin, nor anyone else could have composed such a fairy tale.

Methods of Preschoolers’ Coherent Speech Development Through Fairy-Tales

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 33-34
Author(s):  
Иванова ◽  
O. Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Fairy Tales ◽  
Speech Development

The article considers the methods of development of preschoolers’ coherent speech through Fairy-tales using maps V.Ja. Propp and Theory of inventive problem solving (TIPS)-technology.

scholarly journals Sensorial Perception of Astringency: Oral Mechanisms and Current Analysis Methods

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124
Author(s):  
Mariana A. Pires ◽  
Lorenzo M. Pastrana ◽  
Pablo Fuciños ◽  
Cristiano S. Abreu ◽  
Sara M. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Food Choices ◽  
General View ◽  
Mindful Eating ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Current Analysis ◽  
Functional Ingredients ◽  
Food Properties ◽  
Oral Dryness ◽  
Eating Regulation ◽  
Food Design

Understanding consumers’ food choices and the psychological processes involved in their preferences is crucial to promote more mindful eating regulation and guide food design. Fortifying foods minimizing the oral dryness, rough, and puckering associated with many functional ingredients has been attracting interest in understanding oral astringency over the years. A variety of studies have explored the sensorial mechanisms and the food properties determining astringency perception. The present review provides a deeper understanding of astringency, a general view of the oral mechanisms involved, and the exciting variety of the latest methods used to direct and indirectly quantify and simulate the astringency perception and the specific mechanisms involved.

A Study of Intellectual Impairment and Recovery Rates in Heavy Drinkers in Ireland

1975 ◽  
Vol 126 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Clarke ◽  
Helen Haughton
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Premature Senescence ◽  
Abstract Reasoning ◽  
Psychological Processes ◽  
Intellectual Impairment ◽  
Visual Spatial ◽  
Heavy Drinkers ◽  
Visual Motor

Work in England (Kaldegg, 1956) and America (Wechsler, 1958; and Jones and Parsons, 1972) has suggested that heavy drinking, while in the later stages leading to all-round intellectual deterioration, in the early stages frequently causes deficits in visual/spatial and visual/motor co-ordination and visual memory. Kleinknecht and Goldstein (1972) suggest two general areas of deficit, inability in abstract reasoning and problem solving, and inability in tasks involving speed and perceptual/motor co-ordination. These functions are known to deteriorate with age and so deficits due to alcohol look like premature senescence of intellectual and psychological processes.

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