The Legal Characterization of Crypto-Exchange Platforms

Global Jurist ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Minto
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Trading Systems

Abstract In a thriving crypto-assets market, crypto exchange platforms play a pivotal role. Indeed, such trading systems are instrumental to the matching of demand and supply (trading) as well as the transfer of tokens (settlement and post-trading). Yet, there is currently no bespoke regulatory framework applicable to crypto exchange, raising pressing questions on whether and how those platforms are regulated. This article examines the Italian regulatory framework applicable to crypto-exchange platforms. It shows that the present regulatory engagement with crypto exchanges relates to the qualification of the crypto assets traded. Depending on such qualification, different financial regimes could be triggered.

scholarly journals Insights into Mycobacterium leprae Proteomics and Biomarkers—An Overview

Proteomes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Sakshi Gautam ◽  
Devesh Sharma ◽  
Anjana Goel ◽  
Shripad A. Patil ◽  
Deepa Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Mycobacterium Leprae ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
New Biomarkers ◽  
Shed Light

Although leprosy is curable, the identification of biomarkers for the early diagnosis of leprosy would play a pivotal role in reducing transmission and the overall prevalence of the disease. Leprosy-specific biomarkers for diagnosis, particularly for the paucibacillary disease, are not well defined. Therefore, the identification of new biomarkers for leprosy is one of the prime themes of leprosy research. Studying Mycobacterium leprae, the causative agent of leprosy, at the proteomic level may facilitate the identification, quantification, and characterization of proteins that could be potential diagnostics or targets for drugs and can help in better understanding the pathogenesis. This review aims to shed light on the knowledge gained to understand leprosy or its pathogen employing proteomics and its role in diagnosis.

Religious Identity: Reflections on Revelation and Rationality

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-459
Author(s):  
Majid Amini
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Religious Diversity ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Public Theology ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Ethnic Origins

AbstractThere is a widespread assumption that ethnic origins substantially contribute, if not constitute, the identity of individuals. In particular, among the ethnic elements, it is claimed that religion takes precedence and people could be individuated in terms of their religious affiliations. Indeed, public theology as an attempt to expand on the public consequences of religious doctrines and beliefs is predicated on the legitimacy of the idea of religious identity. However, the purpose of this article is to show that strictly speaking identity cannot be constituted by religion. More precisely, it is argued that a phenomenological characterization of individual identity fails to do justice to the philosophical requirements of identity. The argument is obviously philosophical by nature and is developed through an analysis of the concept of revelation. The phenomenon of revelation plays a pivotal role in the Jewish, Christian and Islamic traditions, yet by its very nature owes its authenticity to something prior to itself; namely, reason. This entails the priority of reason over revelation and as such undermines claims that purport to define identity in terms of revelation/religion. This detachment of identity from religion would clearly have far reaching socio-political implications for issues such as religious diversity, pluralism and multiculturalism in particular and public theology in general.

Linear poly(ethylene imine)s: true molar masses, solution properties and conformation

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (46) ◽  
pp. 7169-7179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Perevyazko ◽  
Alexander S. Gubarev ◽  
Lutz Tauhardt ◽  
Anatoly Dobrodumov ◽  
Georges M. Pavlov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Therapy ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Polymer Chemistry ◽  
Solution Properties ◽  
Ethylene Imine ◽  
Linear Poly ◽  
Poly Ethylene

In-depth characterization of pharmaceutically relevant polymers plays a pivotal role in many areas, including nanoscience, gene therapy, analytical and polymer chemistry etc.

Rhetorics of Power and Development: Intellectual Property Rights and The Pharmaceutical Industry in Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 585-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariane McCabe
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Property Rights ◽  
Intellectual Property Rights ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Property Law ◽  
Industrial Property ◽  
Rights Discourse

AbstractThis paper examines the rise of an intellectual property (IP) rights discourse and highlights how it has been translated into national IP regimes. Recently, IP has become a polarizing concept, and attention has focused on questions that are overly narrow in scope. The characterization of the issue in simplistic dichotomous terms has ignored complex realities of developing countries. The case of Brazil is to highlights the complex ways in which the local pharmaceutical industry has been shaped by and has responded to the regulatory framework that has been established since and including the passage of the 1996 Industrial Property Law.

Abortion

2018 ◽  
pp. 187-230
Author(s):  
Sandra Fredman
Keyword(s):  
Conscientious Objection ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
The Cross ◽  
The Right

——Chapter seven examines abortion. A comparative approach reveals the pivotal role of the characterization of relevant rights. Is this an issue of the right to life, to privacy, or to equality? Running through these issues are the cross-cutting themes identified above, particularly the interaction between legislatures and courts. Section II demonstrates that legislatures and courts interact in different ways. In some jurisdictions, courts have struck down legislation prohibiting abortion; while in others, courts have done the reverse and invalidated legislation providing a right to abortiofn. In a third group, courts and legislatures have worked together, either to cement prohibitions, or to protect the right to abortion. Section III examines the right to life in relation to abortion; section IV considers privacy; while section V examines equality. Section VI assesses third-party rights, and particularly the ways in which conscientious objection is dealt with in different jurisdictions.

Belgian Regulatory Framework for Decontamination and Decommissioning: Lessons Learned and New Initiatives

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris Creemers ◽  
Gilles Hermans ◽  
Virginie Schrayen ◽  
Frederik Van Wonterghem ◽  
An Wertelaers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radioactive Waste ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Nuclear Facilities ◽  
Nuclear Power Reactor ◽  
Fuel Fabrication ◽  
Periodic Safety ◽  
Final Shutdown

Belgium can rely on significant experience in the field of decontamination and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Several projects are ongoing and include research reactors (BR3, Thetis), uranium and MOX fuel fabrication plants (FBFC International, Belgonucleaire), fuel reprocessing facilities (Eurochemic) and radwaste processing facilities (Belgoprocess). Additional projects are expected in the coming years with the planned final shutdown of the oldest nuclear power reactor units. Two national authorities are involved in the decontamination and decommissioning process of nuclear facilities. The FANC (together with its subsidiary Bel V) is concerned for all matters related to nuclear safety and radiation protection, while NIRAS/ONDRAF is concerned for all matters related to radioactive waste and fuel management and financial provisions. These attributions ensure that all safety and material concerns are addressed and that both the licensees and the national authorities bear their own responsibilities. They rely on an existing regulatory framework covering both the procedural and the technical aspects of the decontamination and decommissioning activities. However, opportunities for regulatory improvement were raised after some recent events in Belgium, among which the bankruptcy of a nuclear company producing radioisotopes, involving numerous additional interested parties in a complex judiciary context. Amendments in the current regulations are considered to increase the prerogatives of the authorities regarding the management of radioactive waste by a licensee, the transfer of an operating license from an operator to another, and the general decommissioning strategy of a facility. Furthermore, a dedicated “waste and decommissioning” working group within WENRA defined new reference levels applying to the decontamination and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. Belgium committed to include these requirements explicitly in its national legislation, even though most of them were already included in the existing decommissioning authorizations. Amendments will cover the safety provisions inherent to the decontamination and decommissioning phase, such as the decommissioning strategy, the qualification of techniques, the experience feedback valorization, the periodic safety reviews, the radioactive waste management, or the final characterization of the sites. Additionally, requirements regarding the authorization process will be detailed, such as the content of the licensee’s application file or the structure of the safety report covering the decontamination and decommissioning phase. These changes will contribute to a more secure regulatory framework for all interested parties.

Characterization of signaling pathways leading to Fas expression induced by TNF‐α: pivotal role of NF‐κB

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donatella Starace ◽  
Anna Riccioli ◽  
Alessio D'Alessio ◽  
Claudia Giampietri ◽  
Simonetta Petrungaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Pivotal Role ◽  
Tnf Α

scholarly journals Characterization of a computer tool for Industrial Security Management in MSME's

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 61-65
Keyword(s):  
Security Management ◽  
The State ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Industrial Safety ◽  
Computer Tool ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Industrial Security ◽  
Design Characteristics ◽  
Medium Enterprises

In the present work, a study is carried out on companies in the state of Colima with the purpose of compiling the characteristics that must be contained in a computer tool capable of facilitating the administration of industrial safety. With the design characteristics detected, it is intended to establish the basis for an automation proposal that benefits Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises with a tool tailored to the normative, procedural and operational reality of the Mexican environment, so that its extrapolation to the rest of the country is totally feasible since the regulatory framework of reference is federal and the legal implications to which its application impacts apply throughout the national territory

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