Hedging devices in applied linguistics research papers: Do gender and nativeness matter?

Glottotheory ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiwa Weisi ◽  
Ahmad Asakereh
Keyword(s):  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Linguistic Research ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe present study aims at investigating the impact of gender and being native and non-native on the use of hedging devices in the discussion part of Applied Linguistics research papers written by native English/non-native (Iranian) male and female research writers. To this end, 60 Applied Linguistic research papers (15 for each group of research writers) were investigated based on Salager-Meyer, Françoise. 1994. Hedges and textual communicative function in medical English written discourse. English for Specific Purposes 13(2). 149–170 taxonomy. The results of Chi-square analyses indicated that there was a statistically significant difference between male and female research writers in terms of the frequency of use of hedging devices adopted in the discussion part of the research papers in the realm of Applied Linguistics. Moreover, the results of the study showed that the discussion parts of Applied Linguistics research papers written by male and female native English research writers were more hedged than those written by their Iranian counterparts. The pedagogical and implications of the findings are dealt with in the discussion and conclusion sections of the study.

scholarly journals Explicit Instruction of Memory vs Cognitive Strategies and Reading Comprehension: An Empirical Study with IELTS Candidates

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Jahanbakhsh Nikoopour ◽  
Roozbeh Kargar ◽  
Nadimeh Esfandiari
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
English Language ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderator Variable ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Memory Strategies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
English Language Institute ◽  
The Impact

<p><em>Research in reading comprehension associates the assumption that readers’ attributes may influence reading comprehension; different readers may process the same text in different ways, depending on their purposes, motivation, attitudes, interests, background knowledge, and the strategies they use. The present study attempted to investigate the impact of teaching cognitive and memory strategies on male and female IELTS candidates’ reading comprehension. To carry out the study, the researcher selected a sample of 88 male and female EFL learners, who attended IELTS preparation classes in Afarinesh English Language Institute regularly. The participants were randomly assigned into three groups; namely, two experimental groups and a control group. Eight memory and cognitive strategies were taught explicitly in the two experimental groups respectively during the treatment, whereas the current usual techniques were being used in the control group. The results showed that the experimental groups outperformed the control group in reading comprehension. The difference between the mean scores of the two experimental groups was not statistically significant. That is, instructing cognitive and memory strategies have had somehow similar impact on the IELTS candidates’ reading comprehension. Finally, the participants’ gender as a moderator variable did not make a significant difference in their reading comprehension.</em></p>

scholarly journals A Study of Psychological Well Being Among Male and Female College Students

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Ramesh D. Waghmare
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Female College Students ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female College ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Rural College ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the impact of gender and location of the college students on psychological well being. The sample for the study comprised of 100 college students from jalna city. In each 50 male students (25 urban and 25 rural male students) and 50 female students (25 Urban and 25 rural female college students). The scale was used for data collection psychological well being scale by Bholge and prakash (1995). Where gender and location were considered as independent variables and psychological well being as dependent variables. 2×2 factorial design was used and data were analysis by Mean, SD and ‘t’ values. Results revered no significant difference between male and female, Urban and Rural college students on psychological well being.

scholarly journals The Invisible Enemy that Stopped the World: The Impact of the COVID‑19 Pandemic on Psychiatric Hospitalizations in a Portuguese Department

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Joana Freitas ◽  
Mariana Marinho ◽  
Liliana Castro ◽  
Catarina Fonseca ◽  
Marieta Osório
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Health Department ◽  
International Classification Of Diseases ◽  
World Health ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalizations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The World The World Health Organization declared the coronavirus outbreak a pandemic on March 11th 2020. Since then, the containment measures are leading to increasing mental health problems in the general population and worsening of some pre‑existing psychiatric conditions. To our knowledge, there are no studies characterizing the impact of the COVID‑19 pandemic on psychiatric hospitalizations across the world. We aim to compare the number and characteristics of the hospitalizations in the mental health department of a Portuguese psychiatric hospital from March 2nd 2019 to October 31st 2019 with those that occurred in the same period in 2020. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study including all patients admitted to hospital during these periods (n=805). Sociodemographic data, clinical characteristics and information about the context of hospitalization were collected. Statistical analysis was performed using t Student Test, Mann‑Whitney and Chi‑square. Results: In the pandemic period there was a marked reduction in the number of psychiatric hospitalizations. There was a statistically significant difference in the median length of stay and in the percentage of involuntary hospitalizations between the two periods. In 2019, the most frequent International Classification of Diseases (10th Revision) diagnostic categories were F30‑F39 (mood disorders) and in 2020 were F20‑F29 (schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional disorders). Conclusion: The reorganization of services and the decrease in admissions through the emergency department may explain these results.

scholarly journals Impact Of Metacognitive Awareness On Performance Of Students In Chemistry

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fazal ur Rahman ◽  
Nabi Bux Jumani ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Chaudry ◽  
Saeed ul Hasan Chisti ◽  
Fahim Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Female Students ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Science Students ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact

The impact of metacognitive awareness on students’ performance has been examined in the present study. 900 students of grade X participated in the study.  Metacognitive awareness was measured using inventory, while performance of students was measured with the help of researcher made test in the subject of chemistry.  Results indicated that metacognitive awareness was significantly correlated with the performance of students.  The highly metacognitively aware science students performed well on the test.  Results further indicated that there was no significant difference in the metacognitive awareness of male and female students.  

scholarly journals The Relative Age Effect in Czech U14 Male and Female Tennis Players in 2007–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Roman Koloničný
Keyword(s):  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Age Effect ◽  
Goodness Of Fit Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Tennis Players ◽  
Relative Age ◽  
Relative Age Effect ◽  
Junior Tennis ◽  
The Impact

The issue of the Relative Age Effect (RAE) has been long researched, discussed and published both in the academic and coaching community and the number of studies on it in various sports has significantly grown in recent years. The aim of this study was to verify the existence of RAE among Czech male (n = 6552) and female (n = 4131) junior tennis players and to identify possible differences in birthdate effect between male and female players. The research was carried out in players registered in the years 2007–2016 in the U14 age category in Czech Tennis Association (CTA) database; the athletes were divided into three subgroups (‘Ranked’, ‘Top 100’, ‘Top 10’). Research data were analysed by the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics: relative and absolute frequency, chi-square goodness of fit test () and chi-square test of independence () with the use of effect size (ES index w). A declining tendency of frequencies from Q1 to Q4 between male and female junior players was proven in all three subgroups.In the whole period of 2007–2016, a significant and strong RAE was demonstrated only in the ‘Top 10’ male subgroup (RAE was significant and ES was small or trivial in the other two subgroups). Among the female players, RAE was significant in all three subgroups (ES was small or trivial). Gender differences in RAE in favour of male players were significant in ‘Top 100’ and ‘Ranked’ (ES was small or trivial in all three subgroups). In the short and long term, RAE can have significant implications for the sport development of athletes; both coaches and the professional public can therefore be recommended to pay attention to this issue. The impact of RAE in sport, i.e. the uneven distribution of athletes’ birthdates, is more pronounced especially among junior athletes and often significantly affects their sports development and career.

The Role of Concussion History and Gender in Recovery from Soccer-Related Concussion

2009 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 1699-1704 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis Chiang Colvin ◽  
Jimmy Mullen ◽  
Mark R. Lovell ◽  
Robin Vereeke West ◽  
Micky W. Collins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Neurocognitive Testing ◽  
Neurocognitive Performance ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Background This study was designed to investigate differences in recovery in male and female soccer athletes. Hypotheses Soccer players with a history of concussion will perform worse on neurocognitive testing than players without a history of concussion. Furthermore, female athletes will demonstrate poorer performance on neurocognitive testing than male athletes. Study Design Cohort study (prognosis): Level of evidence, 2. Methods Computer-based neuropsychological testing using reaction time, memory, and visual motor-speed composite scores of the ImPACT test battery was performed postconcussion in soccer players ranging in age from 8 to 24 years (N = 234; 141 females, 93 males). A multivariate analysis of variance was conducted to examine group differences in neurocognitive performance between male and female athletes with and without a history of concussion. Results Soccer players with a history of at least 1 previous concussion performed significantly worse on ImPACT than those who had not sustained a prior concussion (F = 2.92, P = .03). In addition, female soccer players performed worse on neurocognitive testing (F = 2.72, P = .05) and also reported more symptoms (F = 20.1, P = .00001) than male soccer players. There was no significant difference in body mass index between male and female players (F = .04, P = .85). Conclusion A history of concussion and gender may account for significant differences in postconcussive neurocognitive test scores in soccer players and may play a role in determining recovery. These differences do not appear to reflect differences in mass between genders and may be related to other gender-specific factors that deserve further study.

scholarly journals Reading and writing

2005 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-91
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Academic Writing ◽  
Expository Text ◽  
Applied Linguistics ◽  
English For Specific Purposes ◽  
Written Discourse ◽  
Teachers College ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Writing Test ◽  
Internet Literacy

05–171Cumming, Alister (Toronto U, Canada; [email protected]), Kantor, R., Baba, Kyoko, Erdosy, Usman, Eouanzoui, Keanre & James, Mark, Differences in written discourse in independent and integrated prototype tasks for next generation TOEFL. Assessing Writing (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 10.1 (2005), 5–43.05–172Green, Anthony (Cambridge ESOL Examinations, Cambridge, UK; [email protected]), EAP study recommendations and score gains on the IELTS Academic Writing test. Assessing Writing (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 10.1 (2005), 44–60.05–173Harwood, Nigel (U of Essex, UK; [email protected]), ‘I hoped to counteract the memory problem, but I made no impact whatsoever’: discussing methods in computing science usingI. English for Specific Purposes (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 24.3 (2005), 243–267.05–174Kanoksilapatham, Budsaba (Silpakorn U, Thailand; [email protected]), Rhetorical structure of biochemistry research articles. English for Specific Purposes (Amsterdam, the Netherlands) 24.3 (2005), 269–292.05–175Sharp, Alastair (Lingnan U, Hong Kong, China; [email protected]), Strategies and predilections in reading expository text: the importance of text patterns. RELC Journal (Thousand Oaks, CA, USA) 35.3 (2004), 329–349.05–176Stapleton, P. (Hokkaido U, Japan), Evaluating web-sources: Internet literacy and L2 academic writing. ELT Journal (Oxford, UK) 59.2 (2005), 135–143.05–177Waring, H. (Teachers College, Columbia U, USA), Peer tutoring in a graduate writing centre: identity, expertise, and advice resisting. Applied Linguistics (Oxford, UK) 26.2 (2005), 141–168.

scholarly journals A study of consumer preferences for customized product design

2018 ◽  
Vol 204 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Endang Retno Wedowati ◽  
Moses Laksono Singgih ◽  
I Ketut Gunarta
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Product Design ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Consumer Preference ◽  
Customer Requirements ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Difference

Segmentation has been frequently used to study individual consumer behavior against its preference. Consumer preferences indicate consumer requirements for a product. This study aims to analyze consumer preferences based on gender segmentation (male and female) and age segmentation (adolescents, adults, and elderl y). Consumer preferences wer e studied based on three aspects, namely functionality, usability, and pleasure that are applied to food products. Respondents consisted of 225 consumers of ice cream products. Crosstab analysis was used to describe consumer preferences, while chi-square test was applied to analyse the difference of consumer preference based on predetermined segmentation. The result showed that there was no significant difference for male and female consumer preferences for three aspects. Furthermore, on the attributes of taste (functionality), shape (usability) and appearance (pleasure) there were significant differences. Based on the age segmentation there were differences in consumer preferences for aspects of functionality and pleasure. Howe ver, we also found that there was no significant difference in product attributes of those aspects, except for the colour attribute. Different consumer preferences obtained in different segments can be used as a reference to customer requirements for design ing customized products. Ultimately, the products can be tailored to consumer preferences in each segment.

scholarly journals Norms for size and closure time of anterior fontanelle: a study on babies in Nagpur region

2016 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 078-085
Author(s):  
Amit Tirpude ◽  
M P Fulpatil ◽  
Swapan Kole
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Anterior Fontanelle ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Closure Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Preterm Babies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background and aims : Anterior fontanelle development in children is affected by several factors ranging from physical to geographical. While the impact of factors such as gestational age (GA) and gender are clearly established, the influences of region and ethnicity vary in the published literature. The objectives of the study were: 1. To measure the anterior fontanelle size (AFS) and closure time of babies aging from newborn to two years of age in respect to its gender and term status in Nagpur babies. 2. To evaluate the relationship of our fmdings with growth parameters. Methods : Measurements were done on 808 babies according to Popich and Smith method. Measurements on newborn were done after 48 hours of birth. Z-test of significance and Pearson's correlation coefficient are used for analysis. Results : Mean AFS ranged from 4.95±2.15 to 0.94±0.05 cms in preterm babies and 4.24±2.21 to 1.32±0.21 cms in full term babies. Mean AFS ranging from 4.48±2.26 to 1.31±0.22 and 4.02±2.20 to 1.24±0.13 cms were observed in male and female babies respectively. Study revealed no significant difference in AFS between full term and preterm & male and female babies. Around 20% fontanels are closed around sixth month. Less than 1% fontanels were open around 22-24 months. No significant difference in closure time was found. AF size had significant correlation with growth parameters of full term babies (weight r = - 0.37, p = 0.00) (head circumference r = - 0.30, p = 0.00) (crown heel length r = - 0.39, p = 0.00). AF closure time showed a significant relationship with growth parameters (weight r = 0.77, p = 0.00) (head circumference r = 0.72, p = 0.00) (crown heel length r = 0.85, p = 0.00). Conclusion : AF sizes obtained in this study are recommended for use as local values for reference in assessing term and preterm babies born in Nagpur.

scholarly journals Impact of Delayed Admission to the Intensive Care Unit from the Emergency Department upon Sepsis Outcomes and Sepsis Protocol Compliance

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Agustin ◽  
Lori Lyn Price ◽  
Augustine Andoh-Duku ◽  
Peter LaCamera
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Included Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Protocol Compliance ◽  
Sepsis And Septic Shock ◽  
The Impact

Rationale. The impact of emergency department length of stay (EDLOS) upon sepsis outcomes needs clarification. We sought to better understand the relationship between EDLOS and both outcomes and protocol compliance in sepsis. Methods. We performed a retrospective observational study of septic patients admitted to the ICU from the ED between January 2012 and December 2015 in a single tertiary care teaching hospital. 287 patients with severe sepsis and septic shock were included. Study population was divided into patients with EDLOS < 6 hrs (early admission) versus ≥6 hours (delayed admission). We assessed the impact of EDLOS on hospital mortality, compliance with sepsis protocol, and resuscitation. Statistical significance was determined by chi-square test. Results. Of the 287 septic ED patients, 137 (47%) were admitted to the ICU in <6 hours. There was no significant in-hospital mortality difference between early and delayed admissions (p=0.68). Both groups have similar compliance with the 3-hour protocol (p=0.77). There was no significant difference in achieving optimal resuscitation within 12 hours (p=0.35). Conclusion. We found that clinical outcomes were not significantly different between early and delayed ICU admissions. Additionally, EDLOS did not impact compliance with the sepsis protocol with the exception of repeat lactate draw.

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