Contribution of the Argentine Germplasm to the Improvement of Sunflower

Helia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (62) ◽  
pp. 121-140
Author(s):  
J. González ◽  
N. Mancuso ◽  
D. Alvarez ◽  
D. Cordes ◽  
A. Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
New Materials ◽  
High Oleic Acid ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Local Germplasm

AbstractThe sunflower breeding carried out in Argentina constitutes a valuable contribution to the spreading of the crop both locally and internationally. Exchange among breeders at international level makes it possible to achieve objectives that would be restricted if only local germplasm were available (lack of variability). The National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) has had a sunflower genetic breeding program at Pergamino Experimental Station (EEA) since 1939 and another program at Manfredi Experimental Station (EEA) since 1950 with the overall goal of contributing to increase the rate of genetic progress of the crop. At first the program development open pollination varieties using the populations which were introduced both by immigrants adapted to local conditions and by intercrossing them. With the development of cytoplasmic androsterility in the 1970s, the programs focused on producing inbred lines to develop hybrids. The varieties and lines were made available to other breeders in a scheme of exchange that allowed INTA, other national breeders and breeders from other countries to obtain new materials. In this way it became clear the great wealth of INTA germplasm for resistance to major crop diseases such as Verticillium wilt, rust and downy mildew. Other important traits improved were the increase of seed weight and tolerance to bird damage by adding striated seeds and decumbent heads. Also by its origin INTA germplasm enabled the increase of oil content, improvements in the quality and specialties (high oleic acid, confectionery) and tolerance to herbicides (imidazolinone), while maintaining the performance and health of the materials. This paper describes the origins and characteristics of INTA lines and also their use in other breeding programs for the creation of new cultivars.

Response of Early, Medium, and Late Maturing Peanut Breeding Lines to Field Epidemics of Tomato Spotted Wilt

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Culbreath ◽  
J. W. Todd ◽  
D. W. Gorbet ◽  
S. L. Brown ◽  
J. A. Baldwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Oleic Acid ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Tomato Spotted Wilt ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Late Maturity ◽  
Field Plots ◽  
Maturity Groups

Abstract Epidemics of tomato spotted wilt, caused by tomato spotted wilt Tospovirus (TSWV), were monitored in field plots of runner-type peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars Georgia Green and Georgia Runner and numerous breeding lines from four different breeding programs as part of efforts toward characterizing breeding lines with potential for release as cultivars. Breeding lines were divided into early, medium and late maturity groups. The tests were conducted near Attapulgus, GA and Marianna, FL in 1997 and in Tifton, GA and Marianna, FL in 1998. Epidemics in some early and medium maturing breeding lines, including some genotypes with high oleic acid oil chemistry, were comparable to those in Georgia Green, the cultivar most frequently used in the southeastern U.S. for suppression of spotted wilt epidemics. No early maturing breeding lines had lower spotted wilt final intensity ratings or higher yields than Georgia Green. However, spotted wilt intensity ratings in some late maturing lines and a smaller number of medium maturing lines were significantly lower than those of Georgia Green. Several of those lines also produced greater pod yields than Georgia Green. Results from these experiments indicated that there is potential for improving management of spotted wilt though development of cultivars that suppress spotted wilt epidemics more than currently available cultivars. There was no indication that differences in spotted wilt ratings corresponded to differences in numbers of thrips adults or larvae.

scholarly journals Genomic Analysis, Progress and Future Perspectives in Dairy Cattle Selection: A Review

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 599
Author(s):  
Miguel A. Gutierrez-Reinoso ◽  
Pedro M. Aponte ◽  
Manuel Garcia-Herreros
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Selection Of

Genomics comprises a set of current and valuable technologies implemented as selection tools in dairy cattle commercial breeding programs. The intensive progeny testing for production and reproductive traits based on genomic breeding values (GEBVs) has been crucial to increasing dairy cattle productivity. The knowledge of key genes and haplotypes, including their regulation mechanisms, as markers for productivity traits, may improve the strategies on the present and future for dairy cattle selection. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) such as quantitative trait loci (QTL), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), or single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction (ssGBLUP) methods have already been included in global dairy programs for the estimation of marker-assisted selection-derived effects. The increase in genetic progress based on genomic predicting accuracy has also contributed to the understanding of genetic effects in dairy cattle offspring. However, the crossing within inbred-lines critically increased homozygosis with accumulated negative effects of inbreeding like a decline in reproductive performance. Thus, inaccurate-biased estimations based on empirical-conventional models of dairy production systems face an increased risk of providing suboptimal results derived from errors in the selection of candidates of high genetic merit-based just on low-heritability phenotypic traits. This extends the generation intervals and increases costs due to the significant reduction of genetic gains. The remarkable progress of genomic prediction increases the accurate selection of superior candidates. The scope of the present review is to summarize and discuss the advances and challenges of genomic tools for dairy cattle selection for optimizing breeding programs and controlling negative inbreeding depression effects on productivity and consequently, achieving economic-effective advances in food production efficiency. Particular attention is given to the potential genomic selection-derived results to facilitate precision management on modern dairy farms, including an overview of novel genome editing methodologies as perspectives toward the future.

scholarly journals Genetic Variability, Correlation among Agronomic Traits, and Genetic Progress in a Sugarcane Diversity Panel

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 533
Author(s):  
Fernanda Zatti Barreto ◽  
Thiago Willian Almeida Balsalobre ◽  
Roberto Giacomini Chapola ◽  
Antonio Augusto Franco Garcia ◽  
Anete Pereira Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Average Increase ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Diversity Panel ◽  
Adjusted Means ◽  
Historical Series

Sugarcane breeding programs require 15 years of experimentation to create more productive cultivars, and estimates of genetic progress can indicate the efficiency of breeding programs. In this study, we used a diversity panel, the Brazilian Panel of Sugarcane Genotypes (BPSG), with the following objectives: (i) to estimate, through a mixed model, the adjusted means and genetic parameters of ten traits evaluated over three harvest years; (ii) to estimate genotypic correlation among those traits; and (iii) to estimate genetic progress over six decades of breeding. The heritabilities ranged from 0.43 to 0.88, and we detected 42 significant correlations, 9 negative and 33 positive. Over six decades, the sucrose-related traits BRIX, POL%C, and POL%J showed an average increase per decade of 0.27 °Brix (0.26% and 0.31%, respectively). Stalk number, height, and weight of the plot, and cane and sucrose yields revealed average increases per decade of 3.27 stalks, 0.06 m, 9.42 kg, 11.22 t/ha, and 2.08 t/ha, respectively. The genetic progress of the main agronomic traits is discussed through a historical series of sugarcane genotypes present in the BPSG. The findings of this study could contribute to the management of new breeding strategies and allow for future studies of associative mapping.

Current Developments in the Modification of Oilseed Composition

1995 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Mackenzie
Keyword(s):  
Seed Oil ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Edible Oil ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
High Oleic Acid ◽  
Plant Seed ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
New Crops ◽  
Unusual Fatty Acids

Developments in plant cell and tissue culture, and in gene manipulation techniques, have provided new tools for generating novel plant phenotypes not attainable solely by traditional selection breeding. Driven by the industrial potential, advances in fundamental plant biotechnology are now being directed to the development of new crops with seed oil compositions targeted towards specific applications. The targets encompass both the edible oil and chemical industries, the latter emphasizing those oils which contain unusual fatty acids with functionalities applicable to specific industrial uses. Traditional concepts of the compositions of plant seed oils must be set aside to embrace a new reality in which a high oleic acid oil can be produced in several current oilseed crops.

Genetic Factors Influencing High Oleic Acid Content in Spanish Market‐Type Peanut Cultivars

Crop Science ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yolanda López ◽  
Olin D. Smith ◽  
Scott A. Senseman ◽  
William L. Rooney
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Oleic Acid Content ◽  
High Oleic Acid ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
High Oleic Acid Content ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

Breeding Programs and Genetic Progress

2017 ◽  
pp. 165-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aik Chin Soh ◽  
Sean Mayes ◽  
Jeremy Roberts ◽  
Nicolas Philippe Daniel Turnbull ◽  
Tristan Durand-Gasselin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Breeding Programs
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