Magnitude and Nature of Gene Effects Controlling Oil Content and Quality Components in Sunflower (Helianthus Annuus L.)

Helia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (70) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Ravneet Kaur Chahal ◽  
S. K. Dhillon ◽  
S. S. Kandhola ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur ◽  
Vineeta Kaila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Specific Combining Ability ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Gene Effects

AbstractThe present research aimed to study gene effects for oil content and fatty acid composition in sunflower. It involved a set of 92 hybrids developed by crossing four CMS lines with 23 perfect restorers. Experiment was conducted at experimental field area of Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The data was recorded on oil content and quality traits. The analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the traits studied. Among the lines; CMS 42A was observed to have higher significant positive gca effects for oil content, linoleic acid & linolenic acid and higher significant negative gca effects for palmitic acid and stearic acid, whereas, for oleic acid line, CMS 40A had higher positive gca effects. Among the testers, TSG 275 had higher significant positive gca effects for linolenic acid and significant negative gca effects for stearic acid. High positive gca effects for oleic acid and oil content were observed for TSG 331. The tester OPH 91 was good combiner with high positive gca effects for oleic acid and negative gca effects for palmitic acid, whereas, tester TSG 288 exhibited highest positive gca effects for linoleic acid. The best cross combinations; CMS 40A×TSG 259, CMS 607A×TSG 271 and CMS 40A×OPH 73 showed significant specific combining ability effects for oil content and cross CMS 40A×TSG 289 had significant specific combining ability for oleic acid and linoleic acid. The cross combination CMS 40A×TSG 259 is giving a significant jump of over 12 % against the current commercial check for oil percentage and for other quality traits more than 50 % over the standard check, which is significant for undertaking improvement of hybrid for oil quality.

scholarly journals FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION OF TOCTE (JUGLANS NEOTROPICA DIELS) WALNUT FROM ECUADOR

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vilcacundo E ◽  
Alvarez M ◽  
Silva M ◽  
Carpio C ◽  
Morales D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Total Lipid Content ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition

 Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the fatty acids composition in a tocte seeds oil (Juglans neotropica Diels) sample cultivated in Ecuador.Methods: Tocte oil was obtained from tocte seeds using the cold pressing method. Fatty acids analysis was carried out using the gas chromatography method with a mass selective detector (GC/MSD) and using the database Library NIST14.L to identify the compounds.Results: Methyl esters fatty acids were identified from tocte (J. neotropica Diels) walnut using the GC–MS analytical method. The total lipid content of tocte walnuts seeds of plants cultivated in Ecuador was of 49.01% of the total lipid content on fresh weight. Fatty acids were analyzed as methyl esters on a capillary column DB-WAX 122-7062 with a good separation of palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. The structure of methyl esters fatty acids was determined using the GC–MS. Tocte walnut presents 5.05% of palmitic acid, 2.26% of stearic acid, 19.50% of oleic acid, 65.81% of linoleic acid, and 2.79% linolenic acid of the total content of fatty acids in tocte oil. Fatty acids content reported in this study were similar to the data reported for other walnuts seeds.Conclusions: Tocte seeds are a good source of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Tocte oil content oleic acid and with a good content of ɷ6 α-linoleic and ɷ3 α-linolenic. Tocte walnut can help reduce risk cardiovascular diseases in Ecuador for their good composition of fatty acids.

Gene action for oil content and quality in diverse cytoplasmic sources in sunflower under varied moisture environments

Helia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (73) ◽  
pp. 151-166
Author(s):  
Vikrant Tyagi ◽  
Satwinder Kaur Dhillon ◽  
Gurpreet Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Genetic Variance ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Gene Effects

AbstractSunflower breeding aims to developing good heterotic hybrids which can be achieved by tapping combining ability of hybrids belongs to diverse parents. Nine diversified CMS lines along with one maintainer lines were hybridized with four male lines in a line × tester manner thereby, developing a total 40 hybrids. The experimental material was grown over two environments i.e. recommended irrigation and other moisture stress environments continuously for two years 2011 and 2012 in randomized complete block design with three replications at Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, Punjab, India. The experiment was design to estimate combining ability of parental lines, gene effects and effect of divers CMS sources on oil content and quality traits. It was observed that the non-additive component of genetic variance played major role in inheritance of these traits as recommended by analysis of variance of combining abilities and analysis of genetic variance components. Further supporting this conclusion was the fact that the GCA/SCA ratio for oil content and quality traits observed in F1 generation was less than one under both the environments. These results indicated the preponderance of dominant gene action and the feasibility of hybrid sunflower development. GCA estimates revealed that CMS analogues CMS-XA (Unknown), ARG-2A (H. argophyllus) and PRUN-29A (H. praecox spp. runyonic) were very good combiner for oil content under both the environments. The pollen parents RCR-8297 and P69R were observed as very good combiners for oil content and stearic acid under moisture stress condition. The male parent P100R was recorded very good combiner for oil content under normal environment while, RCR-8297 and P100R were very good combiners for oleic acid under both the environments. A total seven crosses were identified for oil content and eight crosses for oleic acid as having high SCA effects under both the water regimes.

scholarly journals The Effect of Biofertilization in Fatty Acids Content for Many Flax Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 910 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
Ali S. Hassoon ◽  
Jassim Jawad Jader Alnuaimi
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Seed Content ◽  
Two Factors

Abstract Field experiment was carried out in the fields in Al-Mahaweel district of Babil Governorate during the agricultural season 2020-2021 to estimate the effect of biological fertilization on the content of some fatty acids in flax varieties seeds. A factorial experiment was applied according to a Randomized Complete Block Design (R.C.B.D) with three replications. The experiment included two factors, the first included eight varieties of flax (Indian, Giza11, Giza10, Sahka5, Sahka6, Giza8, Syrian Thorshansity72), The second factor, biological fertilization included four treatments: (control, bacterial fertilization, fungal fertilization and a bacterial-fungal mixture). The fatty acids (a-Linolenic acid, Oleic acid, Linoleic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid) in seeds were determined using HPLC High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results showed that Sahka6 Variety was significantly superior on other varieties in seed content of (Oleic acid and Linoleic acid) amounted to (29.70, 28.39) %, respectively, while Indian Variety superiority in seed content of Palmitic acid and Stearic acid amounted to (21.28, 25.27)% respectively. Bacterial fertilizer + Mycorrhiza were significantly superior to the other fertilizer treatments in all indicators of study, and the interaction between a variety and biofertilization did not show any significant differences except for the seed content of (a-Linolenic acid Palmitic acid).

scholarly journals Fatty acid chemistry of Atrichum undulatum and Hypnum andoi

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Pejin ◽  
Ljubodrag Vujisic ◽  
Marko Sabovljevic ◽  
Vele Tesevic ◽  
Vlatka Vajs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Behenic Acid ◽  
Moss Species

The fatty acid composition of the moss species Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) P. Beauv. (Polytrichaceae) and Hypnum andoi A.J.E. Sm. (Hypnaceae) collected in winter time were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a contribution to their chemistry. Eight fatty acids were identified in the chloroform/methanol extract 1:1 of A. undulatum (linoleic acid 26.80%, palmitic acid 22.17%, ?-linolenic acid 20.50%, oleic acid 18.49%, arachidonic acid 6.21%, stearic acid 3.34%, cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid 1.52% and behenic acid 1.01%), while six fatty acids were found in the same type of extract of H. andoi (palmitic acid 63.48%, erucic acid 12.38%, stearic acid 8.08%, behenic acid 6.26%, lignoceric acid 5.16% and arachidic acid 4.64%). According to this study, the moss A. undulatum can be considered as a good source of both essential fatty acids for humans (linoleic acid and ?-linolenic acid) during the winter.

scholarly journals Composition of Oil from the Seeds of Cassia Sophera Linn.

1970 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Mostafa ◽  
Momtaz Ahmed ◽  
Ismet Ara Jahan ◽  
Jasim Uddin Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Elaidic Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Arachidic Acid

The oil obtained from the seeds of Cassia sophera Linn was analyzed by GC-MS and a total of 42 compounds have been identified. The major constituents are palmitic acid (22.82 %), linoleic acid (8.32 %), elaidic acid (19.16 %), stearic acid (9.86 %), 5-isopropyl -6-methyl-3-heptyne-2,5-diol (6.44 %), undecyl lauric acid (6.61 %), oleic acid (2.1 %), arachidic acid (3.57 %) and 3α, 7β-dihyodxy -5β, 6β-epoxycholestane (5.9 %). Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 42(1), 75-78, 2007

scholarly journals GC-MS and Antioxidant Capacity Analysis in Propanol Extract of Carthamus tinctorious L

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Sri Indriati ◽  
Muhammad Yusuf ◽  
Riskayanti Riskayanti ◽  
Nur Amaliah ◽  
Mahyati Latief ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Lauric Acid ◽  
Myristic Acid ◽  
Capacity Analysis ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Maximum Extraction ◽  
Maximum Content

Safflower, were extracted using propanol solvent at different time intervals: 10, 20, and 30 min at a constant temperature of 40°C. The extracts were analyzed by GC/MS technique. The major compounds identified were tetrapentacontane, tetracontane, triacontanol, gamma sitosterol, myristic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and lauric acid. However, some levels of palmidrol, beta-amyrin, cubenol, and tocopherol were also found in safflower extracts. Most of the volatile compounds were detected between 10–30 min time of extraction. The 30 min time of extraction also showed the maximum content of polyphenols and antioxidants in safflower extracts. Thus, 30 min was suggested as the most suitable time for maximum extraction of bioactive volatiles, antioxidants, and polyphenols from Safflower using propanol solvent.

scholarly journals Methyl jasmonate vapors affect the composition and peroxidation of major fatty acids in common buckwheat seedlings

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Józef Klocek ◽  
Magdalena Szwed ◽  
Danuta Koczkodaj ◽  
Joanna Mitrus ◽  
Marian Saniewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Methyl Jasmonate ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Common Buckwheat ◽  
Fatty Acid Peroxidation

The effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) vapors on the composition and peroxidation of major fatty acids in the organs of common buckwheat seedlings was investigated. The composition of fatty acids in the hypocotyl and cotyledons of seedlings changed significantly under exposure to MJ vapors in closed jars. Four-day exposure to MJ led to a significant reduction in the concentrations of stearic, linoleic, and linolenic acids in the hypocotyl, whereas oleic acid levels increased approximately 3.5-fold. A decrease in stearic acid levels and an increase in the content of linolenic acid were noted in cotyledons, whereas oleic acid levels decreased in roots. Seven-day exposure to MJ vapor caused a further reduction in stearic acid content and an increase in oleic acid and linoleic acid levels in the hypocotyl. At the same time, the linoleic acid content of roots and linolenic acid levels in cotyledons were doubled, but a 5-fold reduction in linolenic acid concentrations was observed in roots. Methyl jasmonate intensified fatty acid peroxidation in cotyledons after 4 and 7 days and in roots after 4 days of exposure. Peroxidation was inhibited in the hypocotyl and roots after 7 days. The noted changes in the composition and peroxidation of fatty acids are probably indicative of senescence in buckwheat seedlings under the influence of MJ. Senescence seems to proceed faster in cotyledons than in other organs of buckwheat seedlings.

scholarly journals JENIS ASAM LEMAK MINYAK TEMPE BUSUK

Jurnal Kimia ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
M. H. Rachmawati ◽  
H. Soetjipto ◽  
A. Ign A. Ign. Kristijanto
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Before And After

Overripe tempe is a food product that used by peoples in Indonesia as a food seasoning. So far, overripe tempe received less attention than fresh tempe and research of overripe tempe is rarely done. The objective of the study is to identify the fatty acid compounds of the  fifth day fermentation overripe tempe oil before and after purification . The overripe tempe oil of fifth day fermentation was extracted with soxhletation method using n – hexane solvent, then it was purified. The various fatty acids  of overripe tempe oil were analyzed by GC – MS. The purification process was done by using H3PO4 0,2% and NaOH 0,1N. The result of the study showed that before purification the oil  was composed of eight compounds  are palmitic acid (13,33%),  linoleic acid (77,57%), stearic acid (6,15%), and the five chemical components, Dasycarpidan – 1 - methanol, acetate ,  oleic acid, 9 - Octadecenamide ,Cholestane - 3, 7, 12, 25 - tetrol, tetraacetate, (3?, 5?, 7?, 12?) and  6, 7 – Epoxypregn – 4 – ene -9, 11, 18- triol - 3, 20 - dione, 11, 18 – diacetate have percentage of areas less than 3%. After purification the oil  was composed of palmitic acid (12,38% ), linoleic acid (80,35 %), stearic acid (5,84%), and 17 – Octadecynoic acid (1,42 %) .

Genetic diversity, association and principle component analyses for agronomical and quality traits in genomic selection training population of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Viswanatha ◽  
Rajendragouda Patil ◽  
H. D. Upadhyaya ◽  
Hasan Khan ◽  
S. Gururaj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Training Population ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) is the world’s third important source of oil. A Genomic Selection Training Population (GSTP) comprising 340 genotypes was evaluated over four locations for two seasons to study genetic variability and association among agronomical and quality traits. GSTP exhibited significant variation among the genotypes, seasons and G x E interaction. Moderate to high magnitude of genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation coupled with high heritability was observed for most quality traits. The first 7 components of PCA analysis contributed more than 75% cumulative variability. The training population grouped into three clusters in both the seasons. The number of pods/plant, pod and seed yield/plant were significantly and positively associated with each other, while test weight had negative association with number of pods/plant and had positive association with pod and seed yield during rainy season of 2015. The significant positive correlation was also observed between oil, linoleic acid and stearic acid; similarly, linoleic acid had positive association with stearic acid and palmitic acid. Significant negative correlation was observed between oil and protein content, oleic acid and linoleic acid content. The superior genotypes, namely, ICG 5221, ICGV 01393, ICGV 07220, ICGV 97120, ICGV 06420, ICG 9507, ICGV 06188 and ICGV 00440 were best performer for yield, yield components and nutritional quality traits while ICG 2381 and ICG 5221 recorded a better performance for oil content. The rainy season was found to have an advantage for vegetative, physiological growth, oil content, oleic and oleic to linoleic ratio while the post-rainy season led to forced pod filling and reduced maturity.

Changes in Membrane Fatty Acids in Cold-acclimated Turfgrass

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 453c-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenith Cyril ◽  
R.R. Duncan ◽  
W.V. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Stearic Acid ◽  
Palmitic Acid ◽  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Cold Treatment ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Cold Tolerant

Three genotypes of seashore paspalum, `PI 299042', `Adalayd', and `PI 509018-1' considered to be cold-sensitive, intermediately cold-tolerant and cold-tolerant, respectively, were analyzed to investigate the biochemical basis of cold tolerance. The cultivars were acclimated to 8/4 °C day/night temperatures and rhizomes nodes and crowns were harvested at 7-day intervals over the 4-week experiment. Total lipid was extracted from these tissues, and the fatty acids present in the lipid fraction were identified by gas chromatography. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid were the major fatty acids present. In cold acclimated tissues, the level of palmitic acid and stearic acid did not change significantly during the treatment period. There was a decrease in the level of linoleic acid by the second week of cold treatment. The amount of linolenic acid increased significantly during the second week of cold treatment corresponding to the decrease in linoleic acid. The change in the amount was significantly greater in `PI 509018-1' than in `Adalayd' or `PI 299042'. These results are similar to what was found for cultivars of bermudagrass that differ in their cold-tolerance phenotypes. Desaturases are enzymes involved in introducing the double bonds into the fatty acid chains. Research is underway to characterize and clone the genes encoding the Ω3, Ω6, and Ω9 desaturases, which may have an important role in affecting the cold tolerance by altering the degree of membrane lipid fatty acid saturation.

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