Decay, insect, and termite resistance of wood modified with epoxidized vegetable oils

Holzforschung ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaye Kose Demirel ◽  
Ali Temiz ◽  
Sabrina Palanti ◽  
Nasko Terziev
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Empty Cell ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Termite Resistance ◽  
Reference Treatment ◽  
Soybean Oils ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Decay Test ◽  
Hylotrupes Bajulus

AbstractSamples of Scots pine sapwood were treated with epoxidized linseed and soybean oils to improve decay, insect and termite resistance of wood. Non-epoxidized (raw) linseed and soybean oils were included as reference treatment in the study. In the epoxidation process, hydrogen peroxide was used to open double bounds, and acetic acid was added as a catalyst. Two retention levels, Ret A (80–140 kg m−3) and Ret B (170–270 kg m−3), two impregnation methods (full cell and empty cell) and emulsion technique were used. Samples treated with epoxidized oils had significantly lower mass losses than untreated samples while epoxidized oils showed higher mass losses than unepoxidized oils for Coniophora puteana and Trametes versicolor according to EN 113 for decay test. By adding boron, fungicidal properties were introduced to the treatment. All the vegetable oils showed 100% the mortality rate against larvae of Hylotrupes bajulus according to EN 47. Moreover, leached wood samples treated with oils also showed 100% larvae mortality. Additionally, termite testing based on EN 117 revealed 100% Reticulitermes lucifugus mortality for all leached oil treated samples.

scholarly journals "An order of deep-fried two-by-fours please!"

2007 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 475-477
Author(s):  
P A Cooper ◽  
J. Wang ◽  
Y T Ung
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Dimensional Stability ◽  
Water Repellency ◽  
Thermal Modification ◽  
Oil Stability ◽  
Termite Resistance

Thermal modification of wood by immersion in high temperature vegetable oils and other additives impart significant decay and mould fungi resistance, water repellency and dimensional stability. Key words: thermal modification, wood, vegetable oil, decay, termite resistance, oil stability

Biological resistance of nanoclay-treated plastic composites with different bamboo contents to three types of fungi

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1048-1060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamid R Taghiyari ◽  
Ehsan Bari ◽  
Asghar Sistani ◽  
Mohammad Najafian ◽  
Mohammad Ali Tajick Ghanbary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Soft Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
European Standard ◽  
Plastic Composites ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Injection Molded ◽  
Synthetic Matrix

The present study investigated the effects of exposure of bamboo–plastic composites to three aggressive fungi species on mass loss values. Polyvinyl chloride was used as the synthetic matrix of the composite. Three mixing combinations were used for bamboo–polymer composites, namely 40/60, 50/50, and 60/40. The injection-molded process was employed to produce the composites. Specimens were prepared according to modified European standard specifications (EN-113) to be exposed to white-, brown-, and soft-rot fungi each month for 4 months. The results indicated that the soft-rot fungus ( Chaetomium globosum) generally caused higher mass losses in all bamboo/plastic combination ratios. Brown- and soft-rot fungi demonstrated different mass losses on different combination ratios. However, the white-rot fungus ( Trametes versicolor) caused nearly the same mass losses on all three combination ratios. Moreover, T. versicolor was highly significant with respect to mass loss and moisture content. It can therefore be concluded that the T. versicolor has a different decay metabolism when compared to the brown- and soft-rot fungus used in this study.

scholarly journals Towards a Zero-Waste Biorefinery Using Edible Oils as Solvents for the Green Extraction of Volatile and Non-Volatile Bioactive Compounds from Rosemary

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Li ◽  
Kunnitee Bundeesomchok ◽  
Njara Rakotomanomana ◽  
Anne-Sylvie Fabiano-Tixier ◽  
Romain Bott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Biomass Waste ◽  
Zero Waste ◽  
Soybean Oils

The zero-waste biorefinery concept inspired a green oleo-extraction of both natural volatile (e.g., borneol, camphor, o-cymene, eucalyptol, limonene, α-pinene, and terpinen-4-ol) and non-volatile (e.g., carnosol, carnosic, and rosmarinic acid) bioactive compounds from rosemary leaves with vegetable oils and their amphiphilic derivatives as simple food-grade solvents. It is noteworthy that soybean oil could obtain the highest total phenolic compounds (TPCs) among 12 refined oils including grapeseed, rapeseed, peanut, sunflower, olive, avocado, almond, apricot, corn, wheat germ, and hazelnut oils. Furthermore, the addition of oil derivatives to soybean oils, such as glyceryl monooleate (GMO), glyceryl monostearate (GMS), diglycerides, and soy lecithin in particular, could not only significantly enhance the oleo-extraction of non-volatile antioxidants by 66.7% approximately, but also help to remarkably improve the solvation of volatile aroma compounds (VACs) by 16% in refined soybean oils. These experimental results were in good consistency with their relative solubilities predicted by the more sophisticated COSMO-RS (COnductor like Screening MOdel for Real Solvents) simulation. This simple procedure of using vegetable oils and their derivatives as bio-based solvents for simultaneously improving the extraction yield of natural antioxidants and flavors from rosemary showed its great potential in up-scaling with the integration of green techniques (ultrasound, microwave, etc.) for zero-waste biorefinery from biomass waste to high value-added extracts in future functional food and cosmetic applications.

Kinetics of ASAM and Kraft Pulping of Eucalypt Wood (Eucalyptus globulus)

Holzforschung ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Miranda ◽  
Helena Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Eucalyptus Globulus ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Kraft Pulping ◽  
Kraft Pulps ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Lignin Removal ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Kinetics Of

Summary The kinetics of ASAM and kraft pulping of eucalypt wood (Eucalyptus globulus) were studied in relation to delignification and polysaccharide removal. In comparison to kraft, ASAM pulping had lower mass losses and delignification for the same temperature and reaction times (59.2% at Kappa 25 vs 50.0% at Kappa 17, at 180°C). The ASAM pulps have a higher brightness. ASAM pulping had a short initial period with no mass loss and lignin removal, followed by two reaction phases: a main phase where 61% of lignin was removed (at 180°C) and a subsequent final phase. In comparison to kraft, the main delignification rates of ASAM pulping were approximately 2.5 slower (at 180°C, −1.8 × 10−2 min−1 for ASAM and −4.2 × 10−2 for kraft pulping), and the calculated Arrhenius activation energies were higher (132.4 kJ mol−1 and 83.5 kJ mol−1, respectively). The loss of cellulose was relatively small (12.5 %) and lower than in kraft pulps.

Micronutrients in vegetable oils: The impact of crushing and refining processes on vitamins and antioxidants in sunflower, rapeseed, and soybean oils

2015 ◽  
Vol 118 (5) ◽  
pp. 680-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederic Fine ◽  
Claire Brochet ◽  
Marie Gaud ◽  
Patrick Carre ◽  
Noemie Simon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Soybean Oils ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Refining Processes

Medium Density Fibreboard Manufactured from Blends of White Cypress Pine and Non-Durable Wood Species Shows Increased Resistance to Attack by the Subterranean Termite C. lacteus

Holzforschung ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 585-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Evans ◽  
S. Dimitriades ◽  
R.B. Cunningham ◽  
C.F. Donnelly
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Pinus Elliottii ◽  
Slash Pine ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Termite Resistance ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Termite Attack ◽  
Cypress Pine

Summary Medium density fibreboards consisting of blends of the naturally durable wood species white cypress pine (Callitris glaucophylla) and non-durable wood species were manufactured in a commercial plant and subjected to a bioassay using the subterranean termite species, Coptotermes lacteus. A board composed of 30% cypress pine, 30% slash pine (Pinus elliottii) and 40% of the naturally durable hardwood species spotted gum (Corymbia maculata) was also manufactured and bioassayed against C. lacteus. The aims were to determine (i) whether boards containing cypress pine possessed increased resistance to termite attack compared to a control manufactured entirely from non-durable wood species; (ii) the relationship between the cypress pine content of boards and their resistance (if any) to termite attack; (iii) whether the termite resistance of boards containing cypress pine could be further enhanced by the addition of spotted gum fibre. There was an inverse relationship between the cypress pine content of MDF specimens and mass losses of the specimens during the bioassay; the percentage mass losses of specimens containing 11.4, 16.2 and 34.2% cypress pine being 20.3, 13.4 and 8.8%, respectively, compared to 32.8% for the control, which consisted of non-durable slash pine (80%) and hoop pine (Araucaria cunninghamii) (20%) fibre. There was strong evidence that the inverse relationship between the cypress pine content of boards and mass losses during the bioassay was linear, although a statistically significant quadratic (curvilinear) effect was also apparent. The addition of spotted gum fibre to boards did not increase their resistance to termite attack. Cypress pine heartwood contains a variety of extractives that are either toxic or repellent to termites, and the increased termite resistance of MDF containing cypress pine compared to the control is probably due to the insecticidal effect of such chemicals on C. lacteus. The incorporation of cypress pine fibre into MDF shows promise as an alternative to chemical biocides for increasing the resistance of MDF to termites. However, the response of termites to heartwood extractives varies between species, and therefore further experimentation is needed to test the resistance of MDF containing cypress pine fibre to attack by greater range of wood destroying termites under test conditions that more closely simulate field conditions.

scholarly journals Uso de películas pós-colheita para a manutenção dos atributos visuais e produção de etileno em mini-abóboras ornamentais

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73
Author(s):  
Natalia Teixeira Schwab ◽  
Vanderlei Both ◽  
Paola Ana Buffon ◽  
Airton Führ ◽  
Manuela Cristine Binsfeld
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Lower Mass ◽  
Carnauba Wax ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Mass Losses ◽  
Ethylene Action ◽  
Respiration Experiment ◽  
Life Prolongation

In recent years, consumers have shown interest in the ornamental use of some fruits that were previously used mainly for food purposes. However, the use of ‘mini-pumpkins’ for ornamentation can be limited by post-harvest aspects, such as skin depigmentation, fresh mass losses, ethylene production and respiration, which compromise the visual quality of the product, resulting in the loss of its ornamental value. The objective was to evaluate the effect of films application (control, carnauba wax, cassava starch and corn starch) in post-harvest of ornamental mini-pumpkins, aiming the shelf life prolongation (experiment 1) and reduction of ethylene production and respiration (experiment 2). The results obtained in experiment 1 pointed to lower mass loss and maintenance of the ornamental mini-pumpkins epidermis color with the application of carnauba wax film. In experiment 2, the application of carnauba wax and the ethylene action inhibitor (1-MCP) did not and respiration production of mini-pumpkins, suggesting that ethylene is not involved in the modifications that occur in the product during the time of exposure to the environment.

SOYBEAN OIL PLASTICIZERS AS REPLACEMENT OF PETROLEUM OIL IN RUBBER

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoran S. Petrović ◽  
Mihail Ionescu ◽  
Jelena Milić ◽  
James R. Halladay
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Cationic Polymerization ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Double Bonds ◽  
Soybean Oils ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
Petroleum Oil

ABSTRACT Polymerized soybean oils of different molecular weights were used as plasticizers in NR/SBR compositions. The oils of different molecular weights and viscosities were synthesized by cationic polymerization using a proprietary technology. Because vegetable oils have double bonds, they are not only viscosity depressants but also active participants in cross-linking reactions. Properties of elastomers extended with different concentrations of mineral oil or pure soybean oil were compared with elastomers extended by polymerized oils of different molecular weights at the same concentrations. It was found that polymerized soybean oil could be substituted for naphthenic process oil with minimal differences in mechanical and dynamic properties.

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