Decay resistance, extractive content, and water sorption capacity of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Lebed.) heartwood timber

Holzforschung ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martti Venäläinen ◽  
Anni M. Harju ◽  
Nasko Terziev ◽  
Tapio Laakso ◽  
Pekka Saranpää
Keyword(s):  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Hygroscopic Properties ◽  
Decay Test

Abstract The aim of this study was to find chemical or physical properties of Siberian larch heartwood timber that correlate with the variation in decay resistance. Juvenile heartwood from 24-year-old grafts of 15 clones was exposed to three brown-rot fungi according to the standard in vitro decay test (European standard EN 113). The mass losses caused by the brown rot fungi Coniophora puteana, Poria placenta, and Gloeophyllum trabeum were 20%, 28% and 17% of the dry mass, respectively. The average mass loss over the three fungi had a strong negative correlation with the concentration of taxifolin (r=–0.673, P=0.006), as well as with the concentration of total phenolics determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay (r=–0.677, P=0.006). Thus, the concentration of flavonoids is a promising property for indirect measurement of the decay resistance of Siberian larch timber. The most abundant heartwood extractives, arabinogalactans, had a non-significant relationship with the decay resistance, but their concentration correlated positively with the capacity of the wood to adsorb water (r=0.736, P=0.002). The hygroscopic properties of the wood or the wood density were not associated with the decay resistance.

Natural resistance of eight Brazilian wood species from the region Caatinga determined by an accelerated laboratory decay test against four fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo F. da Silveira ◽  
Fernando N. Gouveia ◽  
Alessandro C.O. Moreira ◽  
José Roberto V. Oliveira ◽  
Anna Sofya V.S. Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wood Species ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Standard Test ◽  
Test Method ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Extractive Content ◽  
Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽  
Decay Test

AbstractNatural resistance of eight wood species from Caatinga, an exclusive Brazilian biome, was evaluated according to [ASTM Standard (2005) D 2017-05. Standard test method of accelerated laboratory test of natural decay resistance of woods.]. Samples were exposed to white rot (WR) and brown rot (BR) fungi, namely toTrametes versicolor(WR),Pycnoporus sanguineus(WR), Gloeophyllum trabeum(BR) andGloeophyllum striatum(BR). Weight loss, specific gravity and extractive content of each wood species were evaluated.Diptychandra aurantiaca,Pterodon abruptusandTerminalia fagifoliawere classified as “highly resistant”, whileT. fagifoliawas “resistant” toT. versicoloronly.Machaerium acutifoliumwas resistant to all fungi.Aspidosperma multiflorumwas resistant to WR fungi andCombretum glaucocarpumto a BR fungus. The speciesPityrocarpa moniliformisandSwartzia psilonemawere moderately resistant.

In situ molecular detection of some white-rot and brown-rot basidiomycetes infecting temperate and tropical woods

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1256-1260
Author(s):  
Alba Zaremski ◽  
Marc Ducousso ◽  
Odile Domergue ◽  
Joel Fardoux ◽  
Cécile Rangin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Pycnoporus Sanguineus ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Tropical Woods

Wood-decay white-rot and brown-rot fungi have a major economic impact on commercial and manufactured tropical and temperate woods. The aim of this study was to design a molecular method, coupled with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing, to enable early identification of various forms of fungal decay in various types of wood. The resulting tool could be used to certify the healthiness of commercial woods and also to make more efficient use of chemicals and thus reduce their negative environmental impact. Sapwood plates of Distemonanthus benthamianus,Fagus sylvatica, Lophira alata, Pinus sylvestris, and Pycnanthus angolensis were incubated in vitro in the presence of Fibroporia vaillantii, Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum trabeum, Pycnoporus sanguineus, and Trametes versicolor according to the EN 113 standard method. Average mass losses ranging from 2.6% to 25.0% indicated that all wood samples had been actually infected and enabled us to test the reliability of our method. PCR products were obtained in 24 of 25 combinations, and DNA sequences were obtained in 21 of the 24 fungal PCR products. DNA sequences obtained from infected wood were compared with sequences from pure strains, thus confirming the identity of the infecting strains with 100% similarity for an average of 412 bp.

Genetic Variation in the Decay Resistance of Siberian Larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) Wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. VenälÄinen ◽  
A.M. Harju ◽  
T. Nikkanen ◽  
L. Paajanen ◽  
P. Velling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Siberian Larch ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Seed Orchard ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Larix Sibirica ◽  
Growth Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Determination ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
Modified Method ◽  
Decay Test

Summary The aim of the study was to estimate the degree of genetic determination in the decay resistance of Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) wood and its correlation to other wood traits. The wood samples were taken from 25-year-old grafted seed orchard clones with an increment core borer, dried, weighed, and subjected to a laboratory decay test using a modified method based on the standardised EN 113 method. One brown rot fungus, Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fr.) Karst., was used as the decaying organism. The advantages of the method were the savings in time, the possibility to study standing trees, and the potential for screening large numbers of samples at reasonable costs. The clonal repeatability was used to estimate the degree of genetic determination. The genetic determination appeared to be stronger for decay resistance than for growth characteristics or heartwood formation, but weaker than for wood density or latewood formation. Decay resistance and the growth characteristics did not correlate.

Measuring the decay resistance of Scots pine heartwood indirectly by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 1797-1804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anni M Harju ◽  
Martti Venäläinen
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Decay Test ◽  
Decay Tests

To exploit the variation in the natural durability of heartwood timber, screening of a large number of trees or timber is necessary. We suggest that the concentration of total phenolics, measured by the Folin–Ciocalteu (FC) assay, can be used to supplement or even replace in vitro decay tests for screening the variation in the resistance of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) heartwood timber against the brown-rot fungus Coniophora puteana (Schum. ex Fr.). We screened the juvenile heartwood of 520 Scots pine trees with the FC assay. Samples from 40 trees, with total phenolics concentrations ranging from 1.9 to 21.7 mg tannic acid equivalents (TAE)/g of heartwood, were subjected to an in vitro decay test. The correlation (r) between the total phenolics concentration and mass loss was –0.82 (p < 0.001) in the 7 week long decay test. The relationship was expressed with a linear regression equation: mass loss (mg/g) = 487 – 25 × concentration of total phenolics (mg TAE/g). This strong relationship could be exploited by replacing the decay test with the FC assay to more rapidly assess the durability of wood products.

Efficacy of Pinosylvins against White-Rot and Brown-Rot Fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 491-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine C. Celimene ◽  
Jessie A. Micales ◽  
Leslie Ferge ◽  
Raymond A. Young
Keyword(s):  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Pinus Banksiana ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Red Maple ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Agar Media

Summary Three stilbenes, pinosylvin (PS), pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PSM) and pinosylvin dimethyl ether (PSD), were extracted from white spruce (Picea glauca), jack pine (Pinus banksiana), and red pine (Pinus resinosa) pine cones, and their structures were confirmed by spectroscopic and chromatographic (HPLC, GC/MS, NMR and FTIR) analysis. PS, PSM, PSD or a 1:1:1 mixture of these stilbenes at concentrations of 0.1 % and 1.0 % were examined for their fungal inhibitory activity by two bioassay methods. Growth of white-rot fungi (Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium), and brown-rot fungi (Neolentinus lepideus, Gloeophyllum trabeum and Postia placenta) on agar media in the presence of each of the stilbenes or a 1:1:1 mixture inhibited growth of white-rot fungi, but slightly stimulated growth of brown-rot fungi. Soil-block assays, conditions more representative of those found in nature, did not correlate with those from the screening on agar media. PS, PSM, PSD or a 1:1:1 mixture of the three compounds at concentrations of 0.1 % and 1.0 % did not impart any significant decay resistance to white-rot fungi inoculated on a hardwood (Red maple). However under the same conditions, decay resistance was observed against brown-rot fungi on a softwood (Southern yellow pine). It appears that stilbenes at least partially contribute to wood decay resistance against brown-rot fungi.

Stilbene impregnation retards brown-rot decay of Scots pine sapwood

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinrong Lu ◽  
Martti Venäläinen ◽  
Riitta Julkunen-Tiitto ◽  
Anni M. Harju
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Monomethyl Ether ◽  
Wood Preservation ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Decay Test ◽  
Antifungal Efficiency ◽  
Brown Rot Decay

Abstract Stilbenes are abundant in the heartwood of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and are known to have strong antifungal efficiency. In this study, Scots pine sapwood blocks were impregnated with crude heartwood extract containing the stilbenes pinosylvin (PS) and the pinosylvin monomethyl ether (PSM). Impregnated blocks were submitted to brown-rot fungi, Coniophora puteana, Gloeophyllum trabeum, and Rhodonia (Poria) placenta, and fungal growth test and decay test were performed. Both tests showed that the impregnation with a high concentration of stilbenes (60 mg g-1 dry wood) significantly suppressed the growth of fungi and slowed down the decay process of wood blocks, especially in case of G. trabeum. However, chemical analysis showed that PS and PSM were degraded by all the three types of fungi, obviously via modification to resveratrol and methylresveratrol. Rhodonia placenta displayed the fastest rate of degradation. Thus, impregnation with biodegradable stilbenes could be a viable alternative for wood preservation only in service situations with low or transient risk of decay.

scholarly journals The Decay Resistance and Hyphae Penetration of BambooGigantochloa scortechiniiDecayed by White and Brown Rot Fungi

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norul Hisham Hamid ◽  
Othman Sulaiman ◽  
Azmy Mohammad ◽  
Norasikin Ahmad Ludin
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Percentage Weight ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Scanning Electron

The decay resistance and hyphae penetration of bambooGigantochloa scortechiniidecayed by white and brown rot fungi were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The bamboo grown in natural stand from three different age classes of 0.5, 3.5, and 6.5 years was harvested, oven dried, sterilised, and exposed to agar media containing 4% malt extract and 2% agar technical (no. 3) under laboratory condition for 8 weeks. The deterioration was expressed as percentage of weight loss, and the decay resistance classes were measured according to ASTM D 2017-81 (1986). This study found that the percentage weight loss was greatly reduced with the bamboo ageing. Regardless of age, theG. scortechiniiwas classified as highly resistant to decay by white and brown rot fungi. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation showed that the fungi hyphae mostly penetrated into the vessel and proceeded to the pit and parenchyma cells.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Manufacturing Strand-Based Wood Composite Treated with β-Cyclodextrin–Boric Acid for Fungal Decay Resistance

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Cai ◽  
Hyungsuk Lim ◽  
Nicholas C. Fitzkee ◽  
Bojan Cosovic ◽  
Dragica Jeremic
Keyword(s):  
Boric Acid ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Chemical Shifts ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Attenuated Total Reflection ◽  
Fungal Decay ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Average Mass

The feasibility of using β-cyclodextrin (βCD) as an eco-friendly carrier of boric acid for the protection of strand-based wood composites against decay fungi was evaluated. The formation of a βCD–boric acid (βCD–B) complex was confirmed by the appearance of the boron–oxygen bond by using attenuated total reflection–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Chemical shifts of around 6.25 and 1.41 ppm were also observed in 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and 11B NMR spectra, respectively. The βCD–B preservatives at two levels (5 and 10 wt.%) were uniformly blended with southern pine strands that were subsequently sprayed with polymeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (pMDI) resin. The blended strands were formed into a loose mat by hand and consolidated into 25 × 254 × 12 mm oriented strand boards (OSB) using a hot-press. The OSB panels were cut to end-matched internal bonding (IB) strength and fungal decay resistance test specimens. The vertical density profiles (VDPs) of the IB specimens were measured using an X-ray based density profiler and the specimens with statistically similar VDPs were selected for the IB and decay tests. The IB strength of the treated specimens was lower than the control specimens but they were above the required IB strength of heavy-duty load-bearing boards for use in humid conditions, specified in the BS EN 300:2006 standard. The reduced IB of preservative-treated OSB boards could be explained by the destabilized resin upon the addition of the βCD–B complex, as indicated by the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results. The resistance of the OSB panels against two brown-rot fungi (i.e., G. trabeum or P. placenta) was evaluated before and after accelerated leaching cycles. The treated OSBs exposed to the fungi showed an average mass loss of lower than 3% before leaching, while the untreated OSBs had 49 and 35% mass losses due to decay by G. trabeum or P. placenta, respectively. However, upon the leaching, the treatment provided protection only against G. trabeum to a certain degree (average mass loss of 15%). The experimental results suggest that protection efficacy against decay fungi after leaching, as well as the adhesion of the OSB strands, can be improved by increasing the amount of pMDI resin.

Protection mechanisms of DMDHEU treated wood against white and brown rot fungi

Holzforschung ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Verma ◽  
Ulrich Junga ◽  
Holger Militz ◽  
Carsten Mai
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Weight Percent Gain ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Decay Resistance ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Protection Mechanisms ◽  
Mesh Bags ◽  
Fine Wood

AbstractThe resistance of beech and pine wood blocks treated with 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethylene urea (DMDHEU) againstTrametes versicolorandConiophora puteanaincreased with increasing weight percent gain (WPG) of DMDHEU. Full protection [mass loss (ML) below 3%] was reached at WPGs of approximately 15% (beech) and 10% (pine). Untreated and DMDHEU treated blocks were infiltrated with nutrients and thiamine prior to fungal incubation and it was observed whether the destruction or removal of nutrients and vitamins during the modification process has an influence on the ML caused by the fungi. This study revealed that no considerable differences were found. Then, the cell wall integrity was partly destroyed by milling and the decay of the fine wood powder filled into steel mesh bags was compared to that of wood mini-blocks. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the effects of surface area, cell wall bulking, and reduction in micro-void diameters play a role in decay resistance. The ML caused by the fungi, however, also decreased with increasing WPG and showed comparable patterns similar to the case of mini-blocks. ML of powder bearing the highest WPG appeared to be caused by losses in DMDHEU during fungal incubation. For brown rotted wood, the infrared absorption ratios at 1030 cm-1and 1505 cm-1revealed decreasing decay of polysaccharides with increasing WPG of treated wood.

scholarly journals Evidence from Serpula lacrymans that 2,5-Dimethoxyhydroquinone Is a Lignocellulolytic Agent of Divergent Brown Rot Basidiomycetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (7) ◽  
pp. 2377-2383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Premsagar Korripally ◽  
Vitaliy I. Timokhin ◽  
Carl J. Houtman ◽  
Michael D. Mozuch ◽  
Kenneth E. Hammel
Keyword(s):  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Fenton Reagent ◽  
Fenton Chemistry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brown Rot Fungi ◽  
Serpula Lacrymans

ABSTRACTBasidiomycetes that cause brown rot of wood are essential biomass recyclers in coniferous forest ecosystems and a major cause of failure in wooden structures. Recent work indicates that distinct lineages of brown rot fungi have arisen independently from ligninolytic white rot ancestors via loss of lignocellulolytic enzymes. Brown rot thus proceeds without significant lignin removal, apparently beginning instead with oxidative attack on wood polymers by Fenton reagent produced when fungal hydroquinones or catechols reduce Fe3+in colonized wood. Since there is little evidence that white rot fungi produce these metabolites, one question is the extent to which independent lineages of brown rot fungi may have evolved different Fe3+reductants. Recently, the catechol variegatic acid was proposed to drive Fenton chemistry inSerpula lacrymans, a brown rot member of the Boletales (D. C. Eastwood et al., Science 333:762-765, 2011). We found no variegatic acid in wood undergoing decay byS. lacrymans. We found also that variegatic acid failed to reducein vitrothe Fe3+oxalate chelates that predominate in brown-rotting wood and that it did not drive Fenton chemistryin vitrounder physiological conditions. Instead, the decaying wood contained physiologically significant levels of 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone, a reductant with a demonstrated biodegradative role when wood is attacked by certain brown rot fungi in two other divergent lineages, the Gloeophyllales and Polyporales. Our results suggest that the pathway for 2,5-dimethoxyhydroquinone biosynthesis may have been present in ancestral white rot basidiomycetes but do not rule out the possibility that it appeared multiple times via convergent evolution.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document