Reproducibility and Validity of the Myotest for Measuring Step Frequency and Ground Contact Time in Recreational Runners

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the reproducibility (test-retest reliability and agreement) and concurrent validity of the Myotest for measuring step frequency (SF) and ground contact time (GCT) in recreational runners. Based on a within-subjects design (test and retest), SF and GCT of 14 participants (11 males, 3 females) were measured at three different running speeds with the Myotest during two test sessions. SF and GCT were also assessed with a foot-mounted accelerometer (Gold Standard, previously validated by comparing to force plate data) during the first test session. Levels of test-retest reliability and concurrent validity were expressed with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), agreement with standard errors of measurement (SEM). For SF, test-retest reliability (ICC’s > 0.75) and agreement of the Myotest were considered as good at all running speeds. For GCT, test-retest reliability was found to be moderate at a running speed of 14 km/h and poor at speeds of 10 and 12 km/h (ICC < 0.50). Agreement of the Myotest for GCT at all three running speeds was considered not acceptable given the SEM’s calculated. Concurrent validity of the Myotest with the foot-mounted accelerometer (Gold Standard) at all three running speeds was found to be good for SF (ICC’s > 0.75) and moderate for GCT (0.50 < ICC’s < 0.75). The conclusion of our study is that estimates obtained with the Myotest are reproducible and valid for SF but not for GCT.

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Countermovement Jump Analysis Using Different Portable Devices: Implications for Field Testing

Sports ◽

10.3390/sports6030091 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 91 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Vincenzo Rago ◽

João Brito ◽

Pedro Figueiredo ◽

Thiago Carvalho ◽

Tiago Fernandes ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gold Standard ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Force Platform ◽

Portable Devices ◽

Countermovement Jump ◽

Good Test ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Wide Range ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The aim of this study was to analyze the concurrent validity, test–retest reliability, and capacity to detect changes of four different portable devices used to measure a wide range of neuromuscular parameters derived from countermovement jump (CMJ). An accelerometric device (Myotest), a jump mat (Ergojump), an optical device (Optojump), and a smartphone app (MyJump) were simultaneously examined for concurrent validity against gold-standard measures (motion-capture system and a force platform). Twenty-two CMJ-derived variables were collected from 15 healthy male subjects (n = 60 CMJs). Contraction time (CT) and eccentric duration (EccD) measurements obtained from the Myotest were moderately to largely associated with and not different from force platform measurements (r = 0.31 to 0.64, ES = 0.11 to 0.18) and showed moderate test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.92 to 0.97, coefficient of variation (CV) = 3.8 to 8.0%). Flight time (FT) and jump height (JH) from Ergojump, Optojump, and MyJump showed moderate to strong associations with gold-standard measurements (r = 0.57 to 0.98) and good test–retest reliability (ICC = 0.54 to 0.97, CV = 1.8 to 4.2). However, all portable devices underestimated JH (ES = 1.25 to 2.75). Independent of the instrument used, the analyzed CMJ variables showed good capacity to detect changes (standard error of measurement (SEM) < smallest worthwhile change (SWC)), with the exception of rate of force and rate of power development parameters, which showed marginal capacity (SEM > SWC). The Myotest is preferable to measure temporal parameters during ground contact, whereas Ergojump, Optojump, and MyJump devices may be preferable to measure FT and JH, with the Optojump being the most accurate.

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Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Chinese Counseling Competencies Scale-Revised

Frontiers in Psychology ◽

10.3389/fpsyg.2021.688539 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Xia ◽

William Ho Cheung Li ◽

Tingna Liang ◽

Yuanhui Luo ◽

Laurie Long Kwan Ho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Concurrent Validity ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Psychometric Evaluation ◽

Counseling Competencies ◽

Counselors In Training ◽

Rater Reliability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Objectives: This study conducted a linguistic and psychometric evaluation of the Chinese Counseling Competencies Scale-Revised (CCS-R).Methods: The Chinese CCS-R was created from the original English version using a standard forward-backward translation process. The psychometric properties of the Chinese CCS-R were examined in a cohort of 208 counselors-in-training by two independent raters. Fifty-three counselors-in-training were asked to undergo another counseling performance evaluation for the test-retest. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted for the Chinese CCS-R, followed by internal consistency, test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability, convergent validity, and concurrent validity.Results: The results of the CFA supported the factorial validity of the Chinese CCS-R, with adequate construct replicability. The scale had a McDonald's omega of 0.876, and intraclass correlation coefficients of 0.63 and 0.90 for test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability, respectively. Significantly positive correlations were observed between the Chinese CCS-R score and scores of performance checklist (Pearson's γ = 0.781), indicating a large convergent validity, and knowledge on drug abuse (Pearson's γ = 0.833), indicating a moderate concurrent validity.Conclusion: The results support that the Chinese CCS-R is a valid and reliable measure of the counseling competencies.Practice implication: The CCS-R provides trainers with a reliable tool to evaluate counseling students' competencies and to facilitate discussions with trainees about their areas for growth.

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Gait Asymmetry Post-Stroke: Determining Valid and Reliable Methods Using a Single Accelerometer Located on the Trunk

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s20010037 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 37 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Christopher Buckley ◽

M. Encarna Micó-Amigo ◽

Michael Dunne-Willows ◽

Alan Godfrey ◽

Aodhán Hickey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Concurrent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Future Research ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Gait Symmetry ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Post Stroke ◽

Gait Asymmetry ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Cardinal Symptom

Asymmetry is a cardinal symptom of gait post-stroke that is targeted during rehabilitation. Technological developments have allowed accelerometers to be a feasible tool to provide digital gait variables. Many acceleration-derived variables are proposed to measure gait asymmetry. Despite a need for accurate calculation, no consensus exists for what is the most valid and reliable variable. Using an instrumented walkway (GaitRite) as the reference standard, this study compared the validity and reliability of multiple acceleration-derived asymmetry variables. Twenty-five post-stroke participants performed repeated walks over GaitRite whilst wearing a tri-axial accelerometer (Axivity AX3) on their lower back, on two occasions, one week apart. Harmonic ratio, autocorrelation, gait symmetry index, phase plots, acceleration, and jerk root mean square were calculated from the acceleration signals. Test–retest reliability was calculated, and concurrent validity was estimated by comparison with GaitRite. The strongest concurrent validity was obtained from step regularity from the vertical signal, which also recorded excellent test–retest reliability (Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients (rho) = 0.87 and Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC21) = 0.98, respectively). Future research should test the responsiveness of this and other step asymmetry variables to quantify change during recovery and the effect of rehabilitative interventions for consideration as digital biomarkers to quantify gait asymmetry.

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Concurrent Validity and Reliability of My Jump 2 App for Measuring Vertical Jump Height in Recreationally Active Adults

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10113805 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 3805 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Špela Bogataj ◽

Maja Pajek ◽

Slobodan Andrašić ◽

Nebojša Trajković

Keyword(s):

Concurrent Validity ◽

Female Athletes ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Jump Height ◽

Validity And Reliability ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Study Results ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Active Adults

This study aimed to examine the reliability, validity, and usefulness of the smartphone-based application, My Jump 2, against Optojump in recreationally active adults. Participants (18 women, 28.9 ± 5.6 years, and 26 men, 30.1 ± 10.6 years) completed squat jumps (SJ), counter-movement jumps (CMJ), and CMJ with arm swing (CMJAS) on Optojump and were simultaneously recorded using My Jump 2. To evaluate concurrent validity, jump height, calculated from flight time attained from each device, was compared for each jump type. Test-retest reliability was determined by replicating data analysis of My Jump 2 recordings on two occasions separated by two weeks. High test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) > 0.93) was observed for all measures in both male and female athletes. Very large correlations were observed between the My Jump 2 app and Optojump for SJ (r = 0.95, p = 0.001), CMJ (r = 0.98, p = 0.001), and CMJAS (r = 0.98, p = 0.001) in male athletes. Similar results were obtained for female recreational athletes for all jumps (r > 0.94, p = 0.001). The study results suggest that My Jump 2 is a valid, reliable, and useful tool for measuring vertical jump in recreationally active adults. Therefore, due to its simplicity and practicality, it can be used by practitioners, coaches, and recreationally-active adults to measure vertical jump performance with a simple test as SJ, CMJ, and CMJAS.

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Five-Meter Rope-Climbing: A Commando-Specific Power Test of the Upper Limbs

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2014-0334 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 509-515 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Wissem Dhahbi ◽

Anis Chaouachi ◽

Johnny Padulo ◽

David G. Behm ◽

Karim Chamari

Keyword(s):

Power Output ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Upper Body ◽

Specific Power ◽

Minimal Detectable Change ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Power Test ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Purpose:To examine the concurrent validity and absolute and relative reliabilities of a commando-specific power test.Participants:21 antiterrorism commandos.Methods:All participants were assessed on a 5-m rope-climbing test (RCT) and the following tests: pull-ups, push-ups, estimated-1-repetition-maximum (est-1RM), medicine-ball put, and handgrip-strength test. The stopwatch method related to the execution time (ET) was validated by comparison with video motion analysis. The best individual attempt of 3 trials was kept for analysis, and the performance was expressed in absolute power output (APO) and body-mass relative power output (RPO).Results:Stopwatch assessment had an excellent criterion validity (r = .99, P < .001), intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) of .98, standard errors of measurement (SEM%) of 1.19%, bias ± the 95% limits of agreement of 0.03 ± 0.26 s, and minimal detectable change (MDC95) of 0.51 s. The ET, APO, and RPO were significantly correlated (P < .05) with all cited tests (absolute-value r range .55−.98), while est-1RM was not significantly correlated with the other tests. Test-retest reliability coefficients were excellent for ET, APO, and RPO (ICC3,1 > .90). The SEM% values for the ET, APO, and RPO were all under 5% (range 3.73−4.52%), all being smaller than the corresponding smallest worthwhile change. The coefficients of variation for the ET, APO, and RPO were all under 10%. %MDC95 ranged from 10.37% to 12.53%.Conclusions:Considering the strong concurrent validity and excellent test–retest reliability, the RCT is simple to administer, has ecological validity, and is a valid specific field test of upper-body power for commandos and, in addition, can be accurately assessed with a stopwatch.

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Standardized Lab Shoes Do Not Decrease Loading Rate Variability in Recreational Runners

Journal of Applied Biomechanics ◽

10.1123/jab.2019-0337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (5) ◽

pp. 340-344

Author(s):

Jessica G. Hunter ◽

Alexander M.B. Smith ◽

Lena M. Sciarratta ◽

Stephen Suydam ◽

Jae Kun Shim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Contact Time ◽

Loading Rate ◽

Ground Reaction Forces ◽

Ground Contact ◽

Step Rate ◽

Running Shoes ◽

Reaction Forces ◽

Ground Contact Time ◽

Recreational Runners ◽

Running Mechanics

Studies of running mechanics often use a standardized lab shoe, ostensibly to reduce variance between subjects; however, this may induce unnatural running mechanics. The purpose of this study was to compare the step rate, vertical average loading rate, and ground contact time when running in standardized lab shoes versus participants’ normal running shoes. Ground reaction forces were measured while the participants ran overground in both shoe conditions at a self-selected speed. The Student’s t-test revealed that the vertical average loading rate magnitude was smaller in lab shoes versus normal shoes (42.09 [11.08] vs 47.35 [10.81] body weight/s, P = .013), while the step rate (170.92 [9.43] vs 168.98 [9.63] steps/min, P = .053) and ground contact time were similar (253 [25] vs 251 [20] ms, P = .5227) and the variance of all outcomes was similar in lab shoes versus normal shoes. Our results indicate that using standardized lab shoes during testing may underestimate the loads runners actually experience during their typical mileage.

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Development of the English Listening and Reading Computerized Revised Token Test Into Cantonese: Validity, Reliability, and Sensitivity/Specificity in People With Aphasia and Healthy Controls

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/2020_jslhr-20-00103 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 63 (11) ◽

pp. 3743-3759

Author(s):

Mehdi Bakhtiar ◽

Min Ney Wong ◽

Emily Ka Yin Tsui ◽

Malcolm R. McNeil

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Correlation Coefficients ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Token Test ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

High Test

Purpose This study reports the psychometric development of the Cantonese versions of the English Computerized Revised Token Test (CRTT) for persons with aphasia (PWAs) and healthy controls (HCs). Method The English CRTT was translated into standard Chinese for the Reading–Word Fade version (CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese) and into formal Cantonese for the Listening version (CRTT-L-Cantonese). Thirty-two adult native Cantonese PWAs and 42 HCs were tested on both versions of CRTT-Cantonese tests and on the Cantonese Aphasia Battery to measure the construct and concurrent validity of CRTT-Cantonese tests. The HCs were retested on both versions of the CRTT-Cantonese tests, whereas the PWAs were randomly assigned for retesting on either version to measure the test–retest reliability. Results A two-way, Group × Modality, repeated-measures analysis of variance revealed significantly lower scores for the PWA group than the HC group for both reading and listening. Other comparisons were not significant. A high and significant correlation was found between the CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese and the CRTT-L-Cantonese in PWAs, and 87% of the PWAs showed nonsignificantly different performance across the CRTT-Cantonese tests based on the Revised Standardized Difference Test. The CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese provided better aphasia diagnostic sensitivity (100%) and specificity (83.30%) values than the CRTT-L-Cantonese. Pearson correlation coefficients revealed significant moderate correlations between the Cantonese Aphasia Battery scores and the CRTT-Cantonese tests in PWAs, supporting adequate concurrent validity. Intraclass correlation coefficient showed high test–retest reliability (between .82 and .96, p < .001) for both CRTT-Cantonese tests for both groups. Conclusions Results support that the validly translated CRTT-R- WF -Cantonese and CRTT-L-Cantonese tests significantly differentiate the reading and listening comprehension of PWAs from HCs and provides acceptable concurrent validity and high test–retest reliability for both tests. Furthermore, favorable PWA versus HC sensitivity and specificity cutoff scores are presented for both CRTT-Cantonese listening and reading tests.

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A Two-Minute Walking Test With a Smartphone App for Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Validation Study (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.29128 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pim van Oirschot ◽

Marco Heerings ◽

Karine Wendrich ◽

Bram den Teuling ◽

Frank Dorssers ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Multiple Sclerosis ◽

Validation Study ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Study Participant ◽

Walking Test ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Matched Group ◽

Test Retest Reliability ◽

Study Participants

BACKGROUND Walking disturbances are a common dysfunction in persons with multiple sclerosis (MS). The 2-Minute Walking Test (2MWT) is widely used to quantify walking speed. We implemented a smartphone-based 2MWT (s2MWT) in MS sherpa, an app for persons with MS. When performing the s2MWT, users of the app are instructed to walk as fast as safely possible for 2 minutes in the open air, while the app records their movement and calculates the distance walked. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate the concurrent validity and test-retest reliability of the MS sherpa s2MWT. METHODS We performed a validation study on 25 persons with relapsing-remitting MS and 79 healthy control (HC) participants. In the HC group, 21 participants were matched to the persons with MS based on age, gender, and education and these followed the same assessment schedule as the persons with MS (the <i>HC-matched</i> group), whereas 58 participants had a less intense assessment schedule to determine reference values (the <i>HC-normative</i> group). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were determined between the distance measured by the s2MWT and the distance measured using distance markers on the pavement during these s2MWT assessments. ICCs were also determined for test-retest reliability and derived from 10 smartphone tests per study participant, with 3 days in between each test. We interviewed 7 study participants with MS regarding their experiences with the s2MWT. RESULTS In total, 755 s2MWTs were completed. The adherence rate for the persons with MS and the participants in the HC-matched group was 92.4% (425/460). The calculated distance walked on the s2MWT was, on average, 8.43 m or 5% (SD 18.9 m or 11%) higher than the distance measured using distance markers (n=43). An ICC of 0.817 was found for the concurrent validity of the s2MWT in the combined analysis of persons with MS and HC participants. Average ICCs of 9 test-retest reliability analyses of the s2MWT for persons with MS and the participants in the HC-matched group were 0.648 (SD 0.150) and 0.600 (SD 0.090), respectively, whereas the average ICC of 2 test-retest reliability analyses of the s2MWT for the participants in the HC-normative group was 0.700 (SD 0.029). The interviewed study participants found the s2MWT easy to perform, but they also expressed that the test results can be confronting and that a pressure to reach a certain distance can be experienced. CONCLUSIONS The high correlation between s2MWT distance and the conventional 2MWT distance indicates a good concurrent validity. Similarly, high correlations underpin a good test-retest reliability of the s2MWT. We conclude that the s2MWT can be used to measure the distance that the persons with MS walk in 2 minutes outdoors near their home, from which both clinical studies and clinical practice can benefit.

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A New Measurement of Activities of Daily Living for Thai Elderly With Dementia

International Psychogeriatrics ◽

10.1017/s1041610203008822 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (2) ◽

pp. 135-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Vorapun Senanarong ◽

Kamolthip Harnphadungkit ◽

Naraporn Prayoonwiwat ◽

Niphon Poungvarin ◽

Nopwan Sivasariyanonds ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Barthel Index ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Daily Living ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

High Reliability ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Medicine Physician ◽

Test Retest Reliability

Background: Activities of daily living (ADL) vary across cultures, and measure of ADL needs to be specific to the population under study. We developed an ADL measure for Thai elderly with dementia and investigated the reliability and validity of this instrument. Materials and Methods: Item construction was accomplished with a panel of neurologists and a rehabilitation medicine physician. One hundred eighty-one subjects were interviewed using the Thai ADL measure. Of this sample, one hundred fifty-nine had dementia according to the Diagnosic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fourth edition criteria. These data were analyzed for internal consistency; concurrent validity was determined by comparison with the Barthel Index, Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ), Thai Mental State Exam (TMSE), and Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scale; and discriminant validity was determined by comparison with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI). Thirty subjects were tested to determine interrater and test-retest reliability. Results: Thai ADL measure was composed of six basic ADL and seven instrumental ADL. It had high correlation with TMSE scores (r = −.69), CDR scores (r = .81), Barthel Index scores (r = −.08), and FAQ scores (r = .88), and moderate correlation with NPI scores (r = .46). The instrument had high test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = .92, .89) and high interrater reliability (ICC = .96, .93). Conclusion: The Thai ADL scale is easy to use and it has high reliability. It had high concurrent validity with previously published ADL scales. The methodology used to develop the Thai ADL scale can provide a model for creating culturally competent ADL scales.

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Development and Validation of a Functional Capacity Test for Collegiate Dancers

Journal of Dance Medicine & Science ◽

10.12678/1089-313x.061521h ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Allison M. Seifert ◽

Elizabeth M. Mullin ◽

Sarah Zehnder ◽

Vincent J. Paolone

Keyword(s):

Functional Capacity ◽

Concurrent Validity ◽

Perceived Exertion ◽

Intraclass Correlation ◽

Peak Oxygen Consumption ◽

Time To Exhaustion ◽

Treadmill Test ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Retest Reliability ◽

Test Retest Reliability

The purpose of this study was to design and validate a peak functional capacity test that is physiologically comprehensive and appropriate in movement for dancers with broad dance backgrounds. The Seifert Assessment of Functional Capacity for Dancers (SAFD) employs commonly utilized dance movements in progressively intense 3-minute stages, continued until volitional exhaustion. A convenience sample of 13 female collegiate dancers completed a familiarization trial of the SAFD, an SAFD trial, a peak treadmill test, and a second SAFD trial. Time to exhaustion, peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), blood lactate (BLa), and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were measured with each trial. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to assess test-retest reliability, while concurrent validity was analyzed using Pearson product-moment correlations (PPMCs). Strong ICCs were found between the SAFD trials for time to exhaustion, VO2peak, HR, and RPE, providing evidence of test-retest reliability of the SAFD. Significant positive relationships were found between time to exhaustion, VO2peak, HR, BLa, and RPE for the SAFD and the treadmill test, providing evidence of concurrent validity of the SAFD. The data reported in the study provide initial evidence of reliability and validity for the SAFD.

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