Green Approach for Biodiesel Production from Jojoba Oil Supported by Process Modeling and Simulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wael Abdelmoez ◽  
Aghareed M. Tayeb ◽  
Ahmad Mustafa ◽  
Mohamed Abdelhamid
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Jojoba Oil ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Green Approach

AbstractCurrently the economics of biodiesel production is the main obstacle to its large-scale industrialization. The high cost is mainly due to the cost of the expensive feedstocks used in the production process. In the past years, researchers have studied several methods to reduce the production cost of biodiesel. One method involved replacing the edible oil feedstock with the non edible one such as Jojoba oil. In this research Jojoba oil was extracted by subcritical water technology to produce jojoba oil-based biodiesel. This represents a promising alternative route for cleaner and sustainable fuel production through transestrification reaction with methanol catalyzed by potassium hydroxide. The transestrification reaction has been optimized in batch reactor with a molar ratio of 6:1 methanol to jojoba oil, using a concentration of 1.35 wt% potassium hydroxide and vigorous stirring of 600 rpm at different temperatures of 25, 40 and 50 °C. The obtained conversions under these conditions were 83, 87, and 95 % after 80, 50, and 25 min, respectively. Based on the obtained data, a complete design for the process was developed and optimized by using ASPEN HYSYS simulation software. The maximum expected yields of methyl jojoboate, jojobyl alcohol, and methanol recovery were found to be 99.14, 93.3 and 99.9 %, respectively.

scholarly journals Utilization of Waste Grooved Razor Shell (GRS) as a Catalyst in Biodiesel Production from Refined and Waste Cooking Oils

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 703 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdellah Aitlaalim ◽  
Fatiha Ouanji ◽  
Abdellah Benzaouak ◽  
Mohammed El Mahi ◽  
El Mostapha Lotfi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Cooking Oils

Biodiesel is a potential alternative for fossil fuel. However, its large-scale application is held up by the disadvantage of a homogenous process, the scarce availability of raw materials and the production cost, which is higher than for fossil diesel. In this work, biodiesel production was carried out using both refined and used cooking oils. The process was investigated in a batch reactor, in the presence of CaO as a heterogeneous catalyst prepared by the calcination of the natural Waste Grooved Razor Shell (GRS). Characterizations by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermal Gravimetric (TG)/Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) showed that the as-received GRS consists of aragonite, (i.e., CaCO3) as the main component and of water and organic matter in a lower amount. After calcination at 900 °C, CaO was formed as the only crystalline phase. The effects of several experimental parameters in the transesterification reactions were studied, and their impact on the produced biodiesel properties was investigated. The studied variables were the methanol/oil molar ratio, the catalyst weight percentage (with respect to the oil mass), the calcination temperature of the parent GRS and the recycling and regeneration of the catalyst. The physico-chemical and fuel properties, i.e., viscosity, density and acid value of used oils and of the produced biodiesel, were determined by conventional methods (American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods) and compared with the European standards of biodiesel. The optimal identified conditions were the following: the use of a 15:1 methanol/oil molar ratio and 5 wt% of CaO with respect to the oil mass. After 3 h of reaction at 65 °C, the biodiesel yield was equal to 94% and 99% starting from waste and refined oils, respectively.

scholarly journals Biodiesel production using co-solvents: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e99911672
Author(s):  
George Simonelli ◽  
José Mario Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Carlos Augusto de Moraes Pires ◽  
Luiz Carlos Lobato dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Fatty Acid Methyl Esters ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Transfer Resistance ◽  
Acid Methyl ◽  
High Yields

Biodiesel is a renewable and biodegradable biofuel, generally produced by the fatty materials transesterification. Due to its importance in the diversification of the energy matrix of countries, various studies have been carried out to improve its production process. One of the technologies developed is the use of co-solvents in the process. The co-solvents decrease the mass transfer resistance between the oil and the alcohol during the chemical reaction. In this paper, a review of the literature on the biodiesel production using co-solvents was presented. The research gathered information about various studies that are relevant to the theme, aiming to show the state of the art, the substances most used as co-solvents, and the conditions of the process variables that result in high yields of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). In the homogeneous basic catalysis of vegetable oils, potassium hydroxide is the most used catalyst. Its range of application normally varies from 0.5% to 1.8% in relation to the mass of oil. The reaction time may vary from 10 minutes to 2 hours, the temperature from 25 °C to 100 °C, the molar ratio (MR), from 3:1 to 12:1, and the amount of 30% (w/w) co-solvent, or in some cases up to 0.7:1 co-solvent to alcohol molar ratio.

scholarly journals Pre-Treatment of Waste Frying Oils for Biodiesel Production

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nyoman Puspa Asri ◽  
Diah Agustina Puspita Sari
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
High Price ◽  
Composite Catalyst ◽  
Frying Oils ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Waste Frying Oils ◽  
Pre Treatment

Synthesis of biodiesel is a strategic step in overcoming energy scarcity and the environmental degradationcaused by the continuous use of the petroleum based energy. Biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engine isproduced from renewable resources such as vegetable oils and animal fats. The main obstacle in the biodieselproduction is the high price of the raw materials, resulting in the price of biodiesel is not competitive comparedto the petroleum diesel. Therefore, the use of waste frying oils (WFO) is one way to reduce the cost of biodieselproduction, because of its availability and low price. In the present work, WFO from California Fried chicken(CFC) restaurants in Surabaya were used as feed stock for the biodiesel production. The experiments wereconducted using three steps of processes: pre-treatment of WFO, preparation of alumina based compositecatalyst CaO/KI/γ-Al2O3 and transesterification of treated WFO. WFO was treated by several types and variousamounts of activated adsobents. The treated WFO was transesterified in three neck glass batch reactor withrefluxed methanol using CaO/KI/γ-Al2O3. The results reveal that the best method for treating WFO is using 7.5%(wt. % to WFO) of coconut coir. Alumina based composite catalyst CaO/KI/γ-Al2O3 was very promising fortransesterification of WFO into biodiesel. The yield of biodiesel was 83% and obtained at 65ºC, 5 h of reactiontime, 1:18 of molar ratio WFO to methanol and 6% amount of catalyst.

Biodiesel Production From Crude Rubber Seed Oil Using Supercritical Methanol Transesterification

2015 ◽  
Vol 781 ◽  
pp. 655-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thakun Sawiwat ◽  
Somjai Kajorncheappunngam
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

Synthesis of biodiesel from rubber seed oil using a supercritical methanol was investigated under various reaction conditions (220 - 300°C, 80 - 180 bar) with reaction time of 1-15 min and oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:20 - 1:60. Free fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) content were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). Most properties of produced biodiesel were in good agreement with biodiesel standard (EN 14214). The maximum FAME yield of 86.90% was obtained at 260°C, 160 bar, 5 min reaction time using oil:methanol molar ratio of 1:40. The result showed the acid value of rubber seed oil decreased to 0.58 mgKOH/g from initial 24 mgKOH/g to. It could be concluded from this findings that crude rubber seed oil is a promising alternative raw material for biodiesel synthesis via supercritical methanol tranesterification.

A Parametric Study of Biodiesel Production Under Ultrasounds

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiran Shinde ◽  
Bendaoud Nohair ◽  
Serge Kaliaguine
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Parametric Study ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Diesel Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Wave ◽  
Combustion Engines

Abstract Biodiesel, a vegetable oil-derived fuel, can be used as a partial or complete substitute to diesel oil. The main argument for its usage in internal combustion engines is its net CO2 balance which is considerably reduced compared to diesel fuel of fossil origin. A systematic study of ultrasound continuous biodiesel production using canola oil was conducted in the presence of methanol and sodium methoxide as catalyst. Effects of various reaction parameters such as residence time, catalyst concentration, reaction temperature, ultrasounds amplitude and power, methanol/oil molar ratio were analyzed. Fatty acid methyl esters were produced rapidly by using ultrasound assisted transesterification. In typical conditions (35 °C) conversion to FAME higher than 80 % could be reached at residence time as low as 20 s. The parametric study allowed to establish that the effect of ultrasound wave on transesterification reaction rate is localized in a very small volume surrounding the sonotrode tip. This unprecedented conclusion has significant consequences for the design of the large scale continuous flow biodiesel production reactor.

scholarly journals Amygdalus Scoparia as a New Feedstock for Biodiesel Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Motahareh Vares ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sarmasti Emami ◽  
Kambiz Tahvildari ◽  
Mohammad Amin Vares
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Native Plant ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Amygdalus Scoparia

Biodiesel is an attractive alternative fuel because of its nontoxicity and biodegradability which can be produced from vegeTable oils and animal fats. Finding a proper feedstock has an important role on the biodiesel characteristics and the price. Therefore in this research, amygdalus Scoparia oil was used as a cheap potential feedstock for biodiesel production which is widespread in arid regions in Iran. This native plant contains 58-60% oil which is consist of 62.81% oleic acid and 23.54% linoleic acid. Biodiesel was produced from transesterification of extracted oil in reaction with methanol in the presence of potassium hydroxide as a catalyst. The reaction variables used were methanol/oil molar ratio (4:1-7:1), catalyst concentration (0.25-1.5%), and reaction time (1-7 h). Optimal conditions for methanolysis were 1% KOH concentration, MeOH/oil of molar ratio 6:1 for a period of 7 h. The yield of biodiesel produced under optimal conditions were 97.32. Overall, amygdalus Scoparia kernel is a promising feedstock for biodiesel production and large cultivation will help to reduce the product cost.

scholarly journals Optimization of biodiesel production from Chlorella protothecoides oil via ultrasound assisted transesterification

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didem Özçimen ◽  
Ömer Gülyurt ◽  
Benan İnan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Chlorella Protothecoides ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Microalgal Biomass ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted

There is a growing interest in biodiesel as an alternative fuel for diesel engines because of the high oil prices and environmental issues related to massive greenhouse gas emissions. Nowadays, microalgal biomass has become a promising biodiesel feedstock. However, traditional biodiesel production from microalgae consumes a lot of energy and solvents. It is necessary to use an alternative method that can reduce the energy and alcohol consumption and save time. In this study, biodiesel production from Chlorella protothecoides oil by ultrasound assisted transesterification was conducted and effects of reaction parameters such as methanol:oil ratio, catalyst/oil ratio and reaction time on fatty acid methyl ester yields were investigated. The transesterification reactions were carried out by using methanol as alcohol and potassium hydroxide as the catalyst. The highest methyl ester production was obtained under the conditions of 9:1 methanol/oil mole ratio, 1.5% potassium hydroxide catalyst in oil, and for reaction time of 40 min. It was also found that catalyst/oil molar ratio was the most effective parameter on methyl ester yield according to statistical data. The results showed that ultrasound-assisted transesterification may be an alternative and cost effective way to produce biodiesel efficiently.

scholarly journals Biodiesel synthesis from Pongamia Pinnata oil over modified CeO2 catalysts

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathgatta Zaheeruddin Mohamed Shamshuddin ◽  
Venkatesh -- ◽  
Manjunatha Shyamsundar ◽  
Vanagoor Thammannigowda Vasanth
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Surface Acidity ◽  
Pongamia Pinnata ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Base ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Surface Basicity ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis

This study investigates the use of CeO<sub>2</sub>, ZrO<sub>2</sub>, MgO and CeO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>, CeO<sub>2</sub>-MgO, CeO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>-MgO mixed oxides as solid base catalysts for the transesterification of Pongamia Pinnata oil with methanol to produce biodiesel.  SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>/CeO<sub>2 </sub>and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>/CeO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> were also prepared and used as solid acid catalysts for esterification of Pongamia pinnata oil (P-oil) to reduce the % of free fatty acid (FFA) in P-oil. These oxide catalysts were prepared by an incipient wetness impregnation method and characterized by techniques such as NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD for surface acidity, CO<sub>2</sub>-TPD for surface basicity and powder X-ray diffraction for crystalinity.  The effect of nature of the catalyst, methanol to P-oil molar ratio and reaction time in esterification as well as in transesterification was investigated.  The catalytic materials were reactivated &amp; reused for five reaction cycles and the results showed that the ceria based catalysts have reasonably good reusability both in esterification and transesterification reaction.  The test results also revealed that the CeO<sub>2</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub> modified with MgO could have potential for use in the large scale biodiesel production.

scholarly journals PROCESS OPTIMIZATION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM CRUDE COCONUT SEEDS OIL USING CAO/AL2O3 AS HETEROGENEOUS CATALYST

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-97
Author(s):  
Jamilu Usman ◽  
Bashar Abdullahi Hadi ◽  
Buhari Idris ◽  
Umar Musa Tanko ◽  
Bashar Usman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Incipient Wetness Impregnation ◽  
Impregnation Method ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Animal Fats

Biodiesel is an alternative diesel fuel consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids from vegetable oils or animal fats. Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel derived from animal fats or vegetable oil through transesterification with methanol. Base catalyzed transesterification is the most commonly used technique as it is the most economical process. Presently, a lot of heterogeneous catalysts have been formulated that are more effective than the homogeneous catalysts. CaO/Al2O3 was synthesized using incipient wetness impregnation method. The biodiesel was developed and optimized using Box-behnken response surface methodology (RSM) design provided using MINITAP-17 statistical software. The four independent variables considered are: reaction time, methanol to oil ratio, reaction temperature and catalyst concentration. The response chosen was fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) yields which were obtained from the reaction. The result from analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed a satisfactory result. Moreover, the input variables showed greater significance on the response which are reaction time and temperature base on F and P-value. The statistical models developed for predicting biodiesel yield revealed a significant agreement between the experimental and predicted values (R = 0.9686). An optimum methyl ester yield of 93.29 % was achieved with optimal conditions of methanol/oil molar ratio of 6:1, temperature of 600C, reaction time of 120 min and catalyst concentration of 1.0 wt%. The properties of the biodiesel produced also falls within the range prescribed by ASTM standard

scholarly journals Physiochemical properties of biodiesel produced from ogbono (Irvingia gabonesis) seed oil

Bio-Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1210-1216
Author(s):  
Iklima Ibrahim Bandi ◽  
Shamsuddeen Yahaya ◽  
Hafsatu Buhari Bature ◽  
Musa Usman Dabai ◽  
Samira Shehu Adamu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Hydroxide ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Saponification Value ◽  
Astm D6751 ◽  
Significant Attention

Biodiesel is a promising alternative fuel and has gained significant attention due to the predicted depletion of conventional fossil fuels and environmental concerns. This study aims to produce biodiesel from ogbono seed oil (using 98 ml methanol and 2g potassium hydroxide (KOH) as a catalyst) via transesterification process and to determine the physiochemical properties of the biodiesel produced. The physiochemical properties of the feedstock (extracted ogbono seed oil) were also determined before the transesterification process. The physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel showed that it has a density of 0.5±0.00 g/cm3, pour point of 2.0±0, saponification value of 58.90±0.06 mg KOH/g, ester value of 98.0±0.5% (m/m), iodine value of 26.64±0.15gI2/100g, acid value of 0.28±0.05 mgKOH/g, moisture value of 0.0006 ±0.0% and trace amounts of ash content. The results of the physiochemical properties of the produced biodiesel agree with ASTM-D6751 and EN 14214 standard. Thus, it was concluded that ogbono seed oil is an excellent feedstock for biodiesel production via base catalyzed transesterification process

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