Acute and subacute toxicity evaluation of calcium carbide and ethylene glycol in Wistar albino rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markose Bini ◽  
Bhargavan Rajesh ◽  
Thekkekara Devassy Babu
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Synthetic Chemicals ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Artificial Fruit

AbstractBackgroundNaturally ripened fruits play a vital role in human nutrition. Under certain conditions, synthetic chemicals like calcium carbide (CaC2) and ethylene glycol (EG) are being freely used illegally in India and other countries for fruit ripening without serious concern on its toxic effects. This preclinical study evaluated the toxicity on different organs after the exposure of industrial-grade CaC2 and EG to the rats.MethodsAcute toxicity was induced by the oral administration of a single dose of chemicals to the rats, and their morbidity and mortality were monitored. For subacute study, different organs of animals were analyzed biochemically and histologically after the exposure of low doses of chemicals for 30 days.ResultsAt an acute dose of 5 mg/kg body weight of CaC2, 85% of the animals were found dead within 14 days; however, no mortality was observed following EG administration. At subacute doses, RBC and hemoglobin levels were found to be declined (p < 0.01), whereas total WBC and platelet counts, especially lymphocytes, were elevated remarkably (p < 0.01). Total protein, albumin, and urea were also found to be increased (p < 0.01). Histopathological observations support the toxicity in rats at higher doses of CaC2 and EG.ConclusionsThe study revealed that the artificial fruit-ripening agents like CaC2 and EG cause toxic effects on the internal organs of rats. The subsequent inflammatory response might have weakened the immune system. This in turn suggests the requisite for urgent measures to regulate the use of harmful synthetic agents in fruit ripening.

Chronic exposure of industrial grade calcium carbide and ethylene glycol alter histological architecture of systemic organs by disrupting redox balance in rat

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markose Bini ◽  
Bhargavan Rajesh ◽  
Thekkekara Devassy Babu
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Arsenic Content ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
Artificial Fruit ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Histological Architecture ◽  
Chronic Doses

Abstract Objectives The threat to human health or the surroundings by the use of artificial fruit ripening agents has become a global concern. Calcium carbide (CaC2) and ethylene glycol (EG) are the two widely using ripening agents. The present study evaluates the toxic effect of chronic exposures of CaC2 and EG in rats. Methods CaC2 and EG were administered to the rats for 180 days orally. The alterations in oxido-reduction status, haematological, biochemical and histopathological parameters were analysed. Arsenic content in CaC2 and animal samples were detected by atomic absorption spectrometer and phosphorus by molybdate-UV method. Results At chronic doses, there were no significant alterations in haematological and biochemical parameters except in creatinine level especially by EG. However, histological details revealed microvesicular fatty change in liver, corpuscles degeneration in kidney and lymphocytes infiltration in various tissues. In intestine, the mucosal lesion scoring was found high (p<0.01). SOD and CAT activities and GSH level was reduced significantly by CaC2 administration (p<0.01). Arsenic and phosphorus detected is above the toxic level: 7.222 and 13.91 mg/dL in CaC2, 1.634 and 6.22 mg/dL in blood and 0.563 and 6.99 mg/dL in liver, respectively. Conclusions The study suggests that the industrial grade CaC2 and EG induce systemic toxicity to rats and the liver is the most susceptible organ. The CaC2 and EG toxicity is mediated through the upset of redox balance and subsequent inflammatory responses. This could be due to the presence of arsenic and phosphorus contents that detected above the normal level in the industrial grade CaC2.

Calcium carbide as an artificial fruit-ripening agent and its physiological effects on Wistar rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eka Bassey Essien ◽  
Blessing Minaopunye Onyegeme-Okerenta ◽  
Jennifer Obiajulu Onyema
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Artificial Fruit

Chronic exposure of industrial grade calcium carbide and ethylene glycol exert genotoxic effect in Wistar albino rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Markose Bini ◽  
Bhargavan Rajesh ◽  
Thekkekara Devassy Babu
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Mtt Assay ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Peripheral Blood Cells ◽  
Dna Strand ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract Objectives Calcium carbide (CaC2) and ethylene glycol (EG) are the two commonly used fruit ripening agents. The toxic effects of these chemicals on internal organs were reported in experimental animals. Even though the adverse effects of these compounds have been investigated for many years, there are no sufficient data available with regard to genotoxic effects. The present study evaluates the genotoxic effect of chronic exposures of CaC2 and EG in Wistar albino rats. Methods CaC2 and EG were administered to the rats orally for 180 days. Chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei formation were analysed in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. Comet assay was performed to analyse the DNA strand break. The toxic effects of the chemicals were analysed by MTT assay with normal human intestinal epithelial (IEC-6) cells. Results Upon chronic exposure, CaC2 and EG caused chromosomal aberrations, micronuclei formation and  DNA strand breaks extensively in bone marrow and peripheral blood cells. In MTT assay, the chemicals were found to be toxic to IEC-6 cells with IC50 values at 160 and 200 μg/mL for CaC2 and EG, respectively. Conclusions The results show that these chemicals have a potential to cause genomic level of toxicity which may lead to carcinogenic event at a chronic level exposure. The study warns to reinforce the administrative measures against the use of CaC2 and EG for fruit ripening process.

PROXIMATE AND ELEMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BANANA FRUITS (Musa spp) RIPENED WITH VARIOUS CONCENTRATIONS OF CALCIUM CARBIDE.

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Nuhu ◽  
A. Rabi ◽  
H. R. Tukur
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Content ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Elemental Analysis ◽  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Calcium Carbide ◽  
Proximate Analysis ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Musa Spp ◽  
Artificial Fruit

Fruit ripening is a natural process in which fruits go through various physical and chemical changes and gradually become sweet, coloured, soft and palatable. However, in recent years, the use of chemical agents as artificial fruit ripening agents has become prevalent mostly due to the commercial purposes without recourse to their health effects. Calcium carbide is one of such chemicals that is used in ripening fruits because of its cheapness and availability but at the same time it poses lots of potential health problems to health. The aim therefore was to determine the effect of the compound on the nutritional quality and hence otherwise any health effects of consuming such fruits. In this study, Banana fruits of Musa spp were purchased from vendors at station market Kaduna and were subjected to artificial ripening using various concentrations of calcium carbide(0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 M. and adopting similar techniques used by the vendors The result of the proximate analysis revealed that moisture content ranged between(71.52% -74.54%), ash content (0.815% -1.185%), fats content (0.47% - 3.21%), crude protein content (3.33%-2.63%) as well as carbohydrates content (23.67% - 18.44%). The effect of the calcium carbide is the exposure of the fruit to higher moisture content which leads to spoilage and degradation on the nutritional quality of the Banana fruits. However, at lower concentration of the calcium carbide same period of ripening was achieved without much effects on the fruits. The results of the elemental analysis revealed the concentration of Arsenic as (0.010mg/kg-0.071mg/kg) and Phosphorous as (194.50mg/kg- 231.00mg/kg).The values for Arsenic were found to be within the tolerable limit of FAO standard but for Phosphorous the values were higher than the standard and this could be from the fertilisers used for cultivation. The findings indicates that ripening of Banana fruits ( Musa spp) with higher concentration of Calcium carbide pose a great potential health dangers to consumers especially to the nervous system and must therefore be legislated.

PRECLINICAL STUDY OF THE VETERINARY DRUGS TOXICITY

1970 ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
E. K. Rakhmatullin ◽  
O. D. Sklyarov
Keyword(s):  
Lethal Dose ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Preclinical Study ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Organ Systems

Preclinical study of the drugs toxicity was analysed it allows predicting the safety of veterinary drugs in laboratory animals. The fundamental normative instruments in the field of preclinical study of drugs for veterinary medicine and animal husbandry are Order of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation dated 06.03.2018 N 101 and GOST 33044-2014 Principles of Good Laboratory Practice. An important indicator of the preclinical study of the veterinary drugs is the determination (calculation) of median lethal dose value (lethal dose for half of the animals tested) or concentration (LD50 or LC50). Existing methods for determining this indicator make it possible at the initial study stage to determine the degree and class the drug of toxicity. Studying the symptoms of intoxication in the analysis of pharmacological substances one obtains significant information about the nature of the action of the future drug. The clinical manifestations of intoxication with damage to various organ systems are presented. As criteria for assessing the toxic effects of veterinary drugs it is recommended to determine LD50, cumulation coefficient, latitude index of therapeutic effects, dose level of toxic effects in the experiment which allows predicting the nature and degree of toxic effects of the drug even at the stage of preclinical veterinary drugs study.

scholarly journals A review on the legislative aspect of artificial fruit ripening

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Nazibul Islam ◽  
Mehnaz Mursalat ◽  
Mohidus Samad Khan
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Ripening ◽  
Artificial Fruit

scholarly journals Ameliorative effect of Aerva lanata against nephrolithiasis following chronic administration of Ethylene glycol in male wistar Albino rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankul Singh S ◽  
Gowri K ◽  
Chitra V
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Abstract Nephrolithiasis appear to be a major health crisis among the population with serious medical related consequences throughout the lifetime of patient. The aim of the study was to evaluate the preventive effect of the hydro-alcoholic extract of A. lanata roots on Urolithiasis rats. Thirty adults male wistar Albino rats weighing 200 – 250 g were divided into five groups comprising 6 rats in each. Group I Served as positive control with water ad libitum. Group II as negative control which is disease treated group receiving 0.75% ethylene glycol mixed with drinking water for 28 days. Group III chosen as standard group receiving ethylene glycol for first 14 days and Cystone 750 mg/Kg from day 15 till day 28. Group IV and V received ethylene glycol for first 14 days and treatment regimen of LD (400 mg/Kg) and HD 800 mg/Kg orally from day 15 till day 28. Invitro studies like Nucleation, Aggregation and Growth assays were performed. Urine volume and pH was collected and observed for change in appearance, pH, odour and turbidity. Extract was given by preparing suspension and stability was observed by measuring its parameters. On Day 29, the kidneys were dissected and histopathology was done to check tubular injury. There was Increase in urine volume, enhanced excretion of urinary constituents like citrate, oxalate etc. and improving clearance rate. Improvement in pH and antioxidant activity was observed in treated groups. The extract showed that it has prominent effect on nephrolithiasis and has better safety profile in the dose given.

scholarly journals Toxic Effects of Orlistat and Green Tea Extract on Testes of Adult Albino Rats:(Comparative Study)

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
yara elfakharany ◽  
laila sabik ◽  
Doaa Metwally ◽  
eman Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Green Tea Extract ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Tea Extract
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document