Acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of extract and fractions from the root of Rauvolfia serpentina(L.) Bth.ex Kurz

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-317
Author(s):  
Suciati ◽  
Debora Poerwantoro ◽  
Aty Widyawaruyanti ◽  
Kornkanok Ingkaninan
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ache Inhibitor ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Rauvolfia Serpentina ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Ache Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Vacuum Liquid Chromatography

Abstract Objectives Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a degenerative brain disease characterized by confusion, behavior changes, decline in memory and cognitive skills. One of the strategies in the treatment of AD is to use acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors. The current study aims to determine the AChE inhibitory activities of the extract and fractions of the root of Rauvolfia serpentina. Methods Extraction was carried out by maceration method using ethanol, followed by liquid–liquid partition using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Further fractionation was conducted by using vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC). The AChE inhibitory assays were performed by using Ellmann’s method. Phytochemical screening was carried out by TLC method. Results The ethanolic extract of R. serpentina showed inhibition against AChE enzyme with an IC50 value of 7.46 μg/mL. The extract and fractions showed higher inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) compared to AChE. Amongst three fractions obtained, the n-butanol fraction showed the strongest inhibition with an IC50 value of 5.99 μg/mL against AChE. VLC fractionation of the n-butanol fraction yielded 13 subfractions (VLC 1–VLC 13). Four out of 13 subfractions gave more than 80% inhibition against AChE, namely subfractions 4–7, with IC50 values ranging from 4.87 to 47.22 μg/mL. The phytochemical screening of these subfractions suggested the presence of alkaloids. Conclusions The ethanolic extract, as well as fractions of R. serpentina root, are potential for AChE inhibitor. The alkaloid compound may be responsible for this activity.

scholarly journals Antioxidative Activity and Inhibition of Key Enzymes Linked to Type-2 Diabetes (α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase) by Khaya Senegalensis

2014 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim ◽  
Neil Anthony Koorbanally ◽  
Md. Shahidul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Kinetic Studies ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Solvent Fractionation ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Abstract This study evaluated the in vitro antioxidative activity of Khaya senegalensis extracts and inhibitory effects of some solvent fractions on α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities. The stem bark, root and leaf samples of the plant were sequentially extracted with ethyl acetate, ethanol and water and then tested for antioxidative activity. Our findings revealed that the ethanolic extract of the root had the highest antioxidative activity. Solvent-solvent fractionation of the root ethanolic extract yielded a butanol fraction that showed higher antioxidative activity than other fractions. Furthermore, the butanol fraction had significantly higher (p < 0.05) α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 2.89 ± 0.46 and 97.51 ± 5.72 μg mL-1, respectively. Enzyme kinetic studies indicated that the butanol fraction is a non-competitive inhibitor for α-glucosidase with an inhibition binding constant Ki of 1.30 μg mL-1 and a competitive inhibitor of α-amylase with a Ki of 7.50 μg mL-1. GC-MS analysis revealed that the butanol fraction contained two chromones, p-anilinophenol and 3-ethyl-5-(3- ethyl-(3H)-benzothiazol-2-ylidene)-2-(p-tolylvinylamino)- 4-thiazolidinone. Data obtained in the study suggest that the butanol fraction derived from the ethanolic extract of K. senegalensis root possessed excellent antioxidative as well as α-glucosidase and a-amylase inhibitory activities while chromones and/or p-anilinophenol could be the main bioactive compounds responsible for the observed activities.

UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN FRAKSI N-HEKSAN DAUN AFRIKA (Vernonia amygdalina Del.) DENGAN METODE DPPH

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-257
Author(s):  
Nurul Fatimah ◽  
◽  
Reksi Sundu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Tropical Africa ◽  
Ic50 Value

Free radicals and reactive species are widely believed to contribute to the development of several diseases by causing oxidative stress and eventually oxidative. Vernonia amygdalina (Astereacea) is a small shrub or tree between 1 and 5m high growing throughout tropical Africa. Plants are generally known as bitter leaves is well cultivated and is a general market for merchandise in several countries. The purpose of this study was to determine the antioxidant activity of hexane fraction from ethanol extract od Frican leaves (Vernonia amygdalina Del.). The method used in this study was the DPPH (1,1-Diphenil-2-Picrylhydrazyl) method. The result of phytochemical screening showed that ethanolic extract of African leaves contained a composition of secondary metabolites of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids/triterpenoids and saponins. The antioxidant activity of the extract of n-hexane fraction was classified as very weak with an IC50 value of 317.98 ppm.

scholarly journals Neostigmine Attenuates Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression in Preoptic Area but Not Choroid Plexus during Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Systemic Inflammation

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej P. Herman ◽  
Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba ◽  
Marta Kowalewska ◽  
Aleksandra Szczepkowska ◽  
Małgorzata Oleszkiewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokine ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Brain Parenchyma ◽  
Ache Inhibitor ◽  
Ache Inhibitors ◽  
Reproduction Process ◽  
Hypothalamic Structure ◽  
Alpha 7

The study was designed to examine whether the administration of neostigmine (0.5 mg/animal), a peripheral inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), during an immune/inflammatory challenge provoked by intravenous injection of bacterial endotoxin—lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 400 ng/kg)—attenuates the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines in the ovine preoptic area (POA), the hypothalamic structure playing an essential role in the control of the reproduction process, and in the choroid plexus (CP), a multifunctional organ sited at the interface between the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in the ewe. Neostigmine suppressed (p<0.05) LPS-stimulated synthesis of cytokines such as interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α in the POA, and this effect was similar to that induced by the treatment with systemic AChE inhibitor—donepezil (2.5 mg/animal). On the other hand, both AChE inhibitors did not influence the gene expression of these cytokines and their corresponding receptors in the CP. It was found that this structure seems to not express the neuronal acetylcholine (ACh) receptor subunit alpha-7, required for anti-inflammatory action of ACh. The mechanism of action involves inhibition of the proinflammatory cytokine synthesis on the periphery as well as inhibition of their de novo synthesis rather in brain microvessels and not in the CP. In conclusion, it is suggested that the AChE inhibitors incapable of reaching brain parenchyma might be used in the treatment of neuroinflammatory processes induced by peripheral inflammation.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF THE ROOT OF BERBERIS MICROPHYLLA

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Cristina Furrianca ◽  
Marysol Alvear ◽  
Tomás Zambrano ◽  
Víctor Fajardo ◽  
Luis Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Constituents ◽  
First Time

Objective: To objective of this work was to perform phytochemical qualitative and quantitative analyzes of the main secondary metabolites in the root of Berberis microphylla.Methods: The extracts of B. microphylla root were tested through phytochemical screening and the quantification of the most important constituents was carried out using spectrophotometric and gravimetric techniques.Results: Phytochemical screening of both extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, saponins, terpenes,and tannins, which are pharmacologically important. Quantification of the major phytochemicals groups showed that the ethanolic extract contains 3.9% alkaloids, 0.46% flavonoids, 9.53% tannins, and 3.60% saponins. Similarly, the methanolic extract contains 6.61% alkaloids, 0.41% flavonoids, 7.40% tannins, and 1.43% saponins.Conclusion: This is the first time that the presence of tannins, flavonoids, and saponins in this plant has been reported. The medicinal properties of the root of B. microphylla may exist due to the presence secondary metabolites.

In-Vitro Studies on the Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus to Some Ethno-Medicinal Preparations Sold around Kano, Nigeria

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Bashir ◽  
I Yusuf ◽  
AS Kutama
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Test Organism ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Herbal Preparations

Five traditional herbal preparations were sampled between May-June, 2009 in Kano. The samples were investigated for invitro antibacterial activities against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus. Likewise, phytochemical screening tests were conducted to determine some of the phytochemicals present in the ethanolic and water extracts of the samples. Various concentrations of the extracts were prepared using serial doubling dilutions (5000=l/ml, 2500=g/ml, 1250=g/ml, 625=g/ml and 312.5=g/ml). All the test extracts showed slight antibacterial activity against the test organism, with ethanolic extract of sample E having the highest zone diameter of inhibition, while sample H had the lowest diameter of inhibition. The standard antibiotic disc (Gentamicin) had demonstrated the highest activity on the test organisms. The results of the Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroid in all the samples, tannin in samples A, C, D and E, reducing sugars in sample A, D and E respectively. The result of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was found to be above 312.5=g/ml for samples C, D and E. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Herbal preparations, antibacterial activity, Phytochemical screening and minimum inhibitory concentration.

scholarly journals Anti-Inflammatory, Analgesic and Antipyretic Activity of Catunaregam spinosa (Thumb.) Tirveng Extracts

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
Hansa Saini ◽  
Jayesh Dwivedi ◽  
Himanshu Paliwal ◽  
Udichi Kataria ◽  
Priyanka Chauhan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Antipyretic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Response Method

Catunaregam spinosa leaves have been ethnopharmacologically accounted for acquiring various pharmacological properties. The present study was undertaken to evaluate anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic potential of leaves of C. spinosa.The ethanolic extract was selected for this purpose based on phytochemical screening. Inflammation was inhibited at the dose of 200 mg/kg with percent inhibition of inflammation 32.06, 37.28 and 43.16 %, respectively, at 1, 3 and 5 h, while in egg albumin model % inhibition was found to be 47.81%. There was no significant analgesic activity seen in acetic acid induced writhing response method while significant effects were observed in the doses of 25 and 100 mg/kg on hot plate test. No antipyretic activity was shown by ethanolic extracts(25, 100 and 200 mg/kg) against Brewer’s yeast induced pyrexia in rats. Keywords: Catunaregam spinosa, Anti-inflammatory activity, Phytochemical screening, Ethanolic extract.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF MIRABILIS JALAPA

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Deepsikha Bharali ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The aim and objectives of the present work is to determine pharmacological activity upon ethnopharmacological survey. The present study deals with phytochemical screening and analgesic as well as muscle relaxant activity of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa.Methods: The present study is aimed at phytochemical screening and evaluating the analgesic and muscle relaxant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Mirabilis jalapa by using hot plate method and rota rod method respectively [1, 2]. The Phytochemical screening of the extract was done according to the standard procedures to reveal the presence of the active constituents like Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates etc [3-5].Results: The analgesic and muscle relaxant activity study were dose dependent. The EEMJ extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg) shows significant increase in the reaction time when compared with control at 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min and the effect of standard was found to be highest during the study. Another study was designed to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant properties of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa. Linn by taking the EEMJ extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and standard drug Lorzepam (10 mg/kg). Both the extracts and standard drug show decrease in the fall of time in a dose dependent manner when compared with control at 15 min, 30 min, 45 min respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above study it is revealed that Mirabilis jalapa showing better pharmacological activities (Analgesic and Muscle relaxant) in dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals INHIBITION OF 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COENZYME A REDUCTASE ACTIVITY BY EXTRACTS OF GARCINIA XANTHOCHYMUS MESOCARP AND TOTAL FLAVONOID ASSAY QUANTIFICATION OF THE MOST ACTIVE EXTRACT

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Megawati . ◽  
Berna Elya ◽  
Nuraini Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Coenzyme A ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Total Flavonoid ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Extracts ◽  
Garcinia Xanthochymus ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Coa Reductase

Objective: This study aims to determine the inhibitory activity of Garcinia xanthochymus mesocarp extracts against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase.Methods: G. xanthochymus mesocarp was macerated sequentially using n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Phytochemical screening andquantification of total flavonoids were performed on the most active extract.Results: Based on the tests, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts had inhibitory activities of 12.30±1.098%, 55.63±10.584%, and44.01±1.053%, respectively. The results showed that the ethyl acetate is the most active extract, containing flavonoid, terpenoid, glycoside, andanthraquinone compounds. The amount of total flavonoid contained in ethyl acetate extract was 1.61% or 16.114 mg QE/g toward quercetin.Conclusion: The n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of G. xanthochymus have inhibitory actions against HMG-CoA reductase activityin vitro. Further research is still needed to strengthen this finding.

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