scholarly journals Attitudes Of Regular Alcohol Drinking Adolescents To Intersubjective Relations And Everyday Life

2014 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi M. Sarov
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Alcohol Prevention ◽  
Secondary Effect ◽  
Patterns Of Drinking ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psychological Features

SummaryIt is well known that some psychological features of adolescents as extraversion, risk-taking and impulsivity positively associate with substance abuse. The aim of the study was a description of psychological features of adolescents associated with regular alcohol drinking. We conducted a survey using an original questionnaire, classifying alcohol drinking as regular, social (incidental) and abstinence. The adolescents were asked to evaluate their own patterns of drinking. Of the 903 investigated students (aged 15-19), 169 identified themselves as regular alcohol drinkers (RDA), and 279 – as abstainers (NDA). These two groups were compared statistically in terms of a wide range of self-described psychological features. It was found that RDA were more likely to strive for dominant positioning in intersubjective relations (OR 1.8, 95%CI 1.22-2.65), more likely to avoid academic obligations (OR 1.61, 95%CI 1.08-2.39), and more likely to postpone their duties in everyday life (OR 1.81, 95%CI 1.23-2.67). It seems that regular drinking positively associates with egocentric personality traits and help is needed in personality development that could have a positive secondary effect on alcohol prevention.

scholarly journals The Personalities of Significant Others in Association with Regular Drinking in Adolescence

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Georgi M. Sarov
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Significant Others ◽  
Psychological Profile ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psychological Features

Summary It is well known that some psychological features of adolescents are positively associated with alcohol drinking but less attention is paid to the psychological features of their significant others. The aim of the study was to describe a common psychological profile of significant others to regularly alcohol drinking adolescents. A survey was conducted using an original questionnaire, which classifying alcohol drinking as regular, social (incidental) and abstinence. Of 903 students (aged 15-19), 169 identified themselves as regular drinkers (RDA) and 279 - as abstainers (NDA). The significant others of these two groups were compared statistically in terms of a wide range of psychological features. It was found that RDAs were significantly more likely to have: fathers (OR=1.94; 95% Cl 1.04-3.62) and friends (OR=l .55; 95% Cl 1.02-2.36) that tended to avoid obligations in favor of pleasure; extravert friends (OR=1.55; 95% Cl 1.06-2.28) and lovers (OR=1.72; 95% Cl 1.14-2.59); impulsive lovers (OR=l .76; 95% Cl 2.86- 1.08), and obeying (OR=l .95; 95% Cl 1.01-3.80) friends; conventional fathers (OR=2.17; 95% Cl 1.27-3.72) and less likely to have independent mothers (OR=0.57; 95% Cl 0.32-0.99) and hardworking friends (OR=0.58; 0.35- 0.95). It seems that significant others of RDAs are less likely to exhibit models of rational reactions in everyday life that prevent adolescents from developing rational personality, thus making it possible to increase the probability of regular drinking in adolescence.

Exploring the Nexus between Online Alcohol Posters and Alcohol Drinking among Kenya’s Higher Vocational College students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Malechwanzi
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
College Students ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Vocational College ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Higher Vocational College ◽  
Unrestricted Access

Alcohol drinking among young people is a major global public health concern. The situation has been aggravated further by the advent of the internet and subsequent development of social media as a tool for online alcohol marketing. Measures that aim at reducing substance abuse is a stride towards “2030 Agenda” for sustainable development goal number 3 set by the United Nation General Assembly. In this goal, attention is not only drawn to health and wellbeing but also to prevention and treatment of substance abuse. This descriptive study sought to find out the prevalence of alcohol advertisements on social media and its possible influence on alcohol drinking among Kenya’s higher vocational college students. Based on a field survey conducted in Nairobi (n=209), this study established that there was heavy presence of alcohol advertisements on social media scene in Kenya. Although statistically, there was huge gender disparity, the final results showed that there was significant association between alcohol ads on social media and college student’s possible alcohol drinking habits. This study concludes that there was heavy presence of alcohol ads on social media, and the likelihood of youth having unrestricted access to the alcoholic beverage products. This could have a far-reaching implication on their alcohol drinking habits. Therefore, the study recommends the stakeholders in public health promotions to formulate policies aimed at mitigating against the challenges posed by unrestricted access to online alcohol ads by the youth in order to prevent them from being lured into early alcohol drinking by the alcoholic beverage makers.　 Keywords: Alcohol abuse; Influence; Online ads; Youth; Kenya

scholarly journals The effect of posttraumatic stress disorder on risk-taking propensity among crack/cocaine users in residential substance abuse treatment

2009 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1158-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Tull ◽  
Adria Trotman ◽  
Michelle S. Duplinsky ◽  
Elizabeth K. Reynolds ◽  
Stacey B. Daughters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder ◽  
Substance Abuse Treatment ◽  
Posttraumatic Stress ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Crack Cocaine ◽  
Stress Disorder ◽  
Cocaine Users ◽  
Abuse Treatment

scholarly journals Universals and cultural diversity in the expression of gratitude

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 180391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simeon Floyd ◽  
Giovanni Rossi ◽  
Julija Baranova ◽  
Joe Blythe ◽  
Mark Dingemanse ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Variation ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Social Reciprocity ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Cultures

Gratitude is argued to have evolved to motivate and maintain social reciprocity among people, and to be linked to a wide range of positive effects—social, psychological and even physical. But is socially reciprocal behaviour dependent on the expression of gratitude, for example by saying ‘thank you’ as in English? Current research has not included cross-cultural elements, and has tended to conflate gratitude as an emotion with gratitude as a linguistic practice, as might appear to be the case in English. Here, we ask to what extent people express gratitude in different societies by focusing on episodes of everyday life where someone seeks and obtains a good, service or support from another, comparing these episodes across eight languages from five continents. We find that expressions of gratitude in these episodes are remarkably rare, suggesting that social reciprocity in everyday life relies on tacit understandings of rights and duties surrounding mutual assistance and collaboration. At the same time, we also find minor cross-cultural variation, with slightly higher rates in Western European languages English and Italian, showing that universal tendencies of social reciprocity should not be equated with more culturally variable practices of expressing gratitude. Our study complements previous experimental and culture-specific research on gratitude with a systematic comparison of audiovisual corpora of naturally occurring social interaction from different cultures from around the world.

Substance Abuse: The Role of Industrial Medicine

1971 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-260
Author(s):  
Luther A. Cloud ◽  
Frank A. Seixas
Keyword(s):  
Substance Abuse ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Work Setting ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Critical Problem ◽  
Industrial Medicine ◽  
Company Policy ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

This article touches upon industrial medicine's history and its start as primarily one of first-aid and its development into a dynamic force for dealing with the entire individual and his wide range of problems. It describes the entry of alcoholism programs into the spectrum of industrial medicine and cites the wide range of drugs now affecting employees in the work setting. It discusses successful alcoholism programming and the differences and similarities of programs which may be developed for other substance abuse. The article also includes a composite picture of company policy on drug abuse and stresses the fact that the use of alcohol and other drugs poses a critical problem for industry.

Risk in Performance: Facing the Future

2009 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
DROR HARARI
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Rational Thinking ◽  
Performance Practices ◽  
The Future ◽  
Managing Risk ◽  
Complex Methods

While modern rational thinking has developed complex methods for calculating and managing risk, the better forecast and prepare for the future, certain modern performance practices have embraced the element of risk. In this article I interrogate this phenomenon, offering a distinction between risk-taking in modernist and postmodernist performance. Whereas in the former risk serves to transcend the representational aspects of performance, in the later it is banalized, revealing its inevitability in both performance situations and everyday life.

An approach to the psychobiology of personality disorders

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 1093-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL I. POSNER ◽  
MARY K. ROTHBART ◽  
NATHALIE VIZUETA ◽  
KATHLEEN M. THOMAS ◽  
KENNETH N. LEVY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorders ◽  
Attentional Control ◽  
Personality Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Emotional Involvement ◽  
Individual Personality ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
New Information ◽  
Wide Range

Human variability in temperament allows a unique natural experiment where reactivity, self-regulation, and experience combine in complex ways to produce an individual personality. Personality disorders may result from changes in the way past memories filter new information in situations of emotional involvement with others. According to this view, disorders are specific to their initiating circumstances rather than a general difficulty that might extend to classes of information processing remote from triggers for the disorder. A different view suggests a more general deficit in attentional control mechanisms that might extend to a wide range of situations far from those related to the core abnormality. This paper outlines methods for examining these views and presents data from the study of borderline personality disorder, arguing in favor of high negative emotionality being combined with a deficit in an executive attentional control network. Because this attentional network has already been well described in terms of anatomy, the cognitive operations involved, development, chemical modulators, and effects of lesions and candidate genes, these findings may have implications for understanding the disorder and its treatment. We consider these implications in terms of a general approach to the study of personality development and its disorders.

scholarly journals Serbian Society at the Beginning of the 20th Century. “Militarization of Everyday”

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Ya. V. Vishnyakov
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
Eastern Question ◽  
The Impact

During the 19th and early 20th centuries, the Eastern question and the search for ways to solve it occupied a central place in the politics of both Russia and European states. With his decision was closely linked the process of formation of the young Balkan countries. Serbia, whose formation of a new statehood typologically coincides with a change in the system of European international relations of the 19th and early 20th centuries, played an important role in the events of the Eastern question, while claiming to be the Yugoslav “Piemont”. However, it was the war by the beginning of the twentieth century. It became, both for Serbia and other countries of the region, not only a means of gaining state sovereignty, but also the main way to resolve its own interstate contradictions, which took place against the background of an external factor - the impact on the political processes of the Balkans of the Great Powers. These factors led to the natural militarization of the everyday life of Serbian society. The presence in the everyday consciousness of the people of the image of a hostile “other” became one of the main ways of internal consolidation of the country, when attitudes towards war, pushing the values of peaceful life to the background, created a special basic consensus in the state development of Serbia at the beginning of the 20th century, and the anthropological role of the military factor was essential influenced the underlying processes that took place in the country at the beginning of the twentieth century. In the conditions of a new stage of destruction of the Balkans along the ethno-political line, the factor of militarization of everyday life again becomes an important element of the historical policy of the Balkan countries and the construction of a “new past”. In this regard, the understanding of many problems and possible scenarios for the development of the current Balkan reality is linked to this phenomenon. Thus, the study of the impact on the political life of Serbia at the beginning of the twentieth century of special "extra-constitutional" institutions is important for a wide range of researchers, including for a systematic analysis of the crisis in the territory of the former SFRY.Author declares the absence of conflict of interests.

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