Does Switching to a Western German Employer Still Pay Off?

2014 ◽  
Vol 234 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bastian Alm ◽  
Dirk Engel ◽  
Antje Weyh
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Wage Differential ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
Wage Effect ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Matching Procedure

SummaryThis paper deals with the medium-term effects of job mobility on the average wage growth of job-movers in eastern Germany. The analysis is based on all employees subject to social insurance contributions working in eastern Germany in 2004. Using a statistical matching procedure combined with a difference-in-differences estimator, we observe that job-movers achieve an average annual wage increase of 2.68% between 2004 and 2009, which is significantly higher than the annual wage growth of selected non-movers (1.34 %). The finding is very robust against changes in the matching procedure. The positive wage differential due to changing jobs was found for a variety of subgroups of individuals that were formed on the basis of sociodemographic and firm-specific characteristics. In contrast to the evidence in the 1990’s, the positive wage effect is now significantly lower for movers from eastern to western Germany compared to movers within eastern Germany.

scholarly journals The Impact of B Corp Certification on Growth

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7191
Author(s):  
Valerie Paelman ◽  
Philippe Van Cauwenberge ◽  
Heidi Vander Bauwhede
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Panel Regression ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

We empirically test whether B Corp certification affects the short- and medium-term growth rates of sustainable enterprises. These businesses are growing in popularity and prevalence but, due to their hybrid nature, often suffer from external credibility issues and competing internal logics. Because of the rigorous and time-involving audit procedure, B Corp certification potentially sends a credible signal about the sustainable nature of the enterprise to its stakeholders. In addition, the B Corp label could help to straighten out internal tensions and align the company towards its dual purpose. Hence, B Corp certification could contribute to company success. We observe 129 firms that were certified between 2013 and 2018 over a period between six years prior and five years post-certification. Using propensity score matching, we identify 129 non-certified matching companies. On this sample, we conduct a difference-in-differences panel regression analysis to investigate the effect of certification. Our dataset allows us to study how the effects of B Corp certification evolve over time, which was previously untested. Our study documents a positive effect of B Corp certification on turnover growth and also that this effect increases with the time since certification, implying that certification requires some time for its full effect to become apparent.

scholarly journals Wage Posting and Business Cycles

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 208-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Moscarini ◽  
Fabien Postel-Vinay
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Business Cycles ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Job Search ◽  
Wage Growth ◽  
Program Participation ◽  
Average Wage ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Natural Connection ◽  
Monetary Authorities

The canonical model of job search and wage posting (Burdett and Mortensen, 1998) establishes a natural connection between the average wage growth in the economy and the pace of Employer-to-Employer (EE) transitions, predicting wage growth to be positively related to the pace of EE reallocation for all workers, but especially for stayers. We verify this empirically both with aggregate time series and with longitudinal micro data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP). We argue that monetary authorities concerned with inflationary wage pressure should pay more attention directly to EE reallocation and less to the unemployment rate.

scholarly journals Mumps in the Vaccination Age: Global Epidemiology and the Situation in Germany

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea-Ioana Beleni ◽  
Stefan Borgmann
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Vaccination Rate ◽  
Notifiable Disease ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
German States ◽  
Global Epidemiology ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Waning Immunity

Vaccination against mumps virus (MuV) (mostly measles-mumps-rubella) is routinely performed in more than 120 countries and has resulted in a distinct decrease of mumps incidence. However, alteration of mumps epidemiology has been observed in several countries after implementation of the vaccine but is sparsely documented. Moreover, outbreaks have occurred after starting vaccination, even in highly vaccinated populations. In the former German Democratic Republic (DDR) mumps was a notifiable disease but vaccination against mumps was not implemented. In the five eastern German states forming the DDR until 1990, mumps was not notifiable until 2001. Except for the lack of reporting between 1990–2000, data from Eastern Germany allow analysis of mumps epidemiology after initiating the vaccination campaign. For the period from 2001 to 2016 the data show that the incidence of mumps dropped notably after initiating vaccines, and was accompanied by an increase of the median age of patients with mumps. In Eastern Germany, no outbreaks were noted, while several outbreaks occurred in Western Germany, possibly due to a lower vaccination rate. Further literature analysis revealed that outbreaks were facilitated by waning immunity and crowding. Nevertheless, although vaccination prevented infection, the course of illness, once infected, was sometimes more complicated. In comparison to non-vaccinated populations, high rates of complicated courses occurred and were marked by orchitis, due to higher age of mumps patients. Therefore, refusing vaccination against mumps increases the risk of severe courses when living in a vaccinated population.

scholarly journals Impact of Green Central Bank Collateral Policy: Evidence from the People’s Bank of China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Macaire ◽  
Alain Naef
Keyword(s):  
Central Bank ◽  
Central Banks ◽  
Yield Spread ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Bank Of China ◽  
The Impact

In June 2018, the People’s Bank of China (PBoC) decided to include green financial bonds into the pool of assets eligible as collateral for its Medium Term Lending Facility. We measure the impact of the policy on the yield spread between green and non-green bonds, or greenium. Using a difference-in-differences approach to compare pairs of green and non-green bonds issued by the same institutions, we show that the policy increased the greenium by 46 basis points. This experience can be useful to other central banks considering similar polices.

scholarly journals Short- and medium-term cost effects of non-indicated thyroid diagnostics: empirical evidence from German claims data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Hafner ◽  
Valeria Biermann ◽  
Susann Hueber ◽  
Ewan Donnachie ◽  
Thomas Kühlein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Claims Data ◽  
Ultrasound Examination ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Health Costs ◽  
Medium Term ◽  
Drug Expenditures ◽  
Matching Procedure ◽  
Medical Guidelines ◽  
Specific Health

AbstractThis paper contributes to the discussion of whether non-indicated ultrasound examinations of the thyroid gland contribute to overtreatment and excess health care expenditures. Using two sources of claims data from Germany, we analyzed data from patients who underwent a TSH blood test which is the initial diagnostic measure to check for possible presence of thyroid dysfunction. In a matching analysis, we compared health costs of two groups of patients. One consisted of patients who underwent an early thyroid ultrasound that according to medical guidelines—at this point—was probably not indicated. The other group consisted of patients, who underwent no ultrasound examination at all or later in the course of the disease, making probable a correct indication. Both groups were made comparable by the means of a matching procedure. Average thyroid-specific health costs were substantially higher for the first group in the quarter in which the ultrasound examination took place. Some deviation in these specific costs persisted over a substantial period of time, with drug expenditures exhibiting the biggest difference. If, however, total health costs were considered, difference in costs was only found in the initial quarter. We conclude that non-indicated ultrasound examination of the thyroid gland may have some moderate effects on thyroid-specific costs. Yet the data do not suggest that long-lasting overtreatment and excess health expenditures are initiated by non-indicated ultrasound in Germany.

scholarly journals Intergenerational support and reproduction of gender inequalities: A case study from western and eastern Germany

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Klärner
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Intergenerational Support ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Traditional Role ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
Flexible Form ◽  
Western Germany

Social support is often described as an exclusively positively acting factor. Its absence is said to mean negative consequences for individuals. This article shows that the supply and dependence of intergenerational social support can have negative consequences and pertains to persisting unequal gender roles and a gendered division of labor in relationships. Based on qualitative interviews, conducted in eastern and western Germany, with young adults (28-30 years old) and their parents, we hypothesize, that the bigger supply of intergenerational support of grandparents for their children and grandchildren and an alleged dependence on these transfers is especially responsible for impeding the modernization of traditional role models assigning women to the role as a mother and housewife. However, less availability and dependence on this kind of social support in eastern Germany, contribute to a more flexible form of role allocation in a relationship.

scholarly journals Long-Lasting Labour Market Consequences of German Unification

2016 ◽  
Vol 236 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Blien ◽  
Joachim Möller ◽  
Phan thi Hong Van ◽  
Stephan Brunow
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
German Unification ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Market Consequences

AbstractThis article shows how the impulses of the transformation process in eastern Germany have spread through the economy and the labour market. The form of transformation has long-term effects on the form of control over the economy; it is managed largely from western firms. This fact has manifold consequences for the innovation behaviour of plants, among others, which in turn is further related to productivity and thus to the labour market. We argue that this transfers further to persistently lower wages and higher unemployment rates in eastern compared with western Germany.

scholarly journals The German Statutory Minimum Wage and Its Effects on Regional Employment and Unemployment

2020 ◽  
Vol 240 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 295-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Bonin ◽  
Ingo E. Isphording ◽  
Annabelle Krause-Pilatus ◽  
Andreas Lichter ◽  
Nico Pestel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Labor Markets ◽  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Social Insurance ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Regional Labor Markets ◽  
Regional Labor ◽  
Regular Employment ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Proportional Increase ◽  
Wage Floor

AbstractThis paper studies the effects of the introduction of Germany’s statutory minimum wage in 2015 on employment and unemployment on the level of regional labor markets. Using variation in the regional exposure to the new wage floor, we employ a difference-in-differences approach that compares the evolution of employment and unemployment between regions with varying minimum wage bites. Overall, we find no statistically significant effect of the introduction of the German minimum wage on regular employment subject to social insurance, but a statistically significant negative effect on marginal employment. The reduction is not accompanied by a proportional increase in unemployment.

scholarly journals On Developments in the Mean Joint Lifetimes of Three- and Four-Generation Families in Western and Eastern Germany – A model Calculation

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evelyn Grünheid ◽  
Manfred Georg Scharein
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Model Calculations ◽  
Eastern Germany ◽  
Three Generations ◽  
A Value ◽  
Born Child ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One

This article tackles the question of how, on the one hand, the high life expectancy and, on the other, the increasing age of mothers at childbirth will impact the joint lifetime of three and four generations and will develop in future. To this end, indicators are derived from the official data on mortality and fertility for the mean joint lifetimes of three- and four-generation families. Because of the complicated data available, the investigation will be restricted to the female succession of generations, and here to an observation of the first-born child in each case. The indicators act as model calculations, which is why they serve above all to indicate (future) developments in mean joint lifetimes. The indicators are calculated for the average jointly-spent lifetime of three-generation families for the period from 1990 to 2060, and of four-generation families for the period from 2010 to 2060. The result of the calculations for Western Germany show an increase in the jointly-spent lifetime of three generations of up to roughly 35 years in 2000, after which that the figure falls continually to a value of roughly 30 years. A similarly developing trend emerges for four generations, but this is delayed by roughly 30 years towards the future, and reaches the highest value around 2030 to 2040, at roughly seven to ten years. For Eastern Germany, with its even younger age of women at childbirth in both the past and in the present, the maximum jointly-spent life years of three generations at the beginning of the observation period (roughly around 1990) is almost 40 years, after which this indicator falls continuously. The indicator of the average jointly-spent years of four-generation families, by contrast, probably reaches a maximum around 2020, with a value of 12 to 14 years. Also after this, one may anticipate a reduction in the joint lifetimes of four-generation families in Eastern Germany. All in all, the trends of the indicators denote that one may not necessarily conclude from the longer life expectancy that the generations will have a longer joint lifetime, nor that the number of four-generation families will increase. Rather, the three-generation family also appears to remain the decisive generational composition of families in this century.

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