Implementing Frequent Substance Use Testing with Swift-Certain-Fair Sanctions: Stakeholder Insights from a Pilot Program with Volunteer Probationers

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah B. Hunter ◽  
Mahlet Tebeka ◽  
Beau Kilmer
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Driving Under The Influence ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Pilot Program ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Context Specific

AbstractReducing substance use among individuals subject to community supervision is an important goal for many judges and community corrections officers. Some jurisdictions have had success by ordering justice-involved individuals to frequent substance use testing with swift, certain, and fair (SCF) sanctions for non-compliance. South Dakota’s 24/7 Sobriety program is one example of a SCF program that has also been adopted statewide in Montana, North Dakota, and other jurisdictions. As other entities outside the Great Plains attempt to adopt the 24/7 approach, there is a need to examine how the program is implemented. This paper examines a 24/7-inspired pilot program that was implemented in a southwestern county in the US in 2018. Data on participation rates and testing results for the 6-month pilot program were examined. Using a semi-structured interview protocol with questions that were adapted from the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) interview guide, we interviewed nine individuals from six stakeholder groups: 1) Court, 2) District Attorney, 3) Public Defender, 4) Probation, 5) Sheriff, and 6) the non-profit organization that administered the testing. There were important differences in how the program was implemented in the county versus South Dakota’s 24/7 program—namely, there was a different target population, participation was voluntary, and testing was conducted in a different setting which increased costs. While county stakeholders decided to discontinue the program after the pilot period, it was able to implement a SCF program and overcome many of the challenges it confronted. There is some interest in exploring implementation of the SCF with those arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol in the county. For jurisdictions considering the implementation of an SCF program, it makes sense to start with a pilot program with pre-determined objectives and timeline for consistency. It is also crucial to hold regular meetings with all relevant stakeholders before and during the pilot to address context-specific challenges. Conducting an implementation analysis of this process based on the CFIR guide can be useful for understanding why the pilot was a success or failure, and how it may be improved.

scholarly journals Assessment of Socioeconomic Problems Facing Returnees Displaced by Boko Haram Insurgency in Gujba Local Government Area of Yobe State, Nigeria.

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. 20288-20305
Author(s):  
M. Babagana ◽  
Madaki M. J. ◽  
M. Ismail ◽  
B. G. Mohammed ◽  
A. A. Gujja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survey Design ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
The People ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Descriptive Survey ◽  
Socioeconomic Problems

The research which studied post insurgency socioeconomic problems with links to Boko Haram insurgency facing residents after their return to the once deserted towns was conducted between the months of November-December, 2018. The study made use of the Descriptive Survey design involving mixed methods. A total of 44,231 people comprising of local inhabitants of the six study locations formed the target population of the study. Slovene’s formular for determining sample size was used to select the 394 respondents who participated in the study. Purposive and Snowball sampling techniques were used to sample the respondents. A researcher made closed ended questionnaire and a structured Interview Guide were also used to collect data. All data collection procedures were self-administered. Quantitative data was analyzed in SPSS Version 20 using Descriptive Statistics while Thematic method was used to analyze the interview responses. Results on respondents’ demographic characteristics indicated that the majority of them were youth not possessing any formal western education. Bulk of them was also found to crop farmers. A lot of social problems such as lack of potable drinking water, lack of power supply, increased fear, epileptic healthcare delivery as well increase in crime rate were found to be facing the communities while economic problems associated with the insurgency among the communities included loss of business places, loss of sources of income, reduced business activities all of which cumulatively led to increased poverty affecting many families. Hence, it was concluded that, if these conditions are left unchecked, anger, frustrations, stigmatization and poverty will continue to escalate among the people. Consequently, factors believed to be the root causes of the insurgency will further be compounded and other unknown civil unrests can ensue. Thus, in order to avoid this, stringent measures should be taken to bring an end to the insurgency in its totality and socioeconomic problems facing the people should be well addressed.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF INTEGRATED TICKETING ON SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY IN THE MATATU SACCOS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-24
Author(s):  
Priscilla Muhoro ◽  
Anita Wachira ◽  
David Kiarie
Keyword(s):  
Target Population ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
P Value ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Sustainable Mobility ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Level

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to establish the effect of integrated ticketing on sustainable mobility in the Matatu Saccos in Nairobi County, Kenya. Materials and Methods: The study was guided by Positivism philosophy while descriptive research design was adopted. The target population was 177 Sacco Managers and two representatives, one from MOT and other from MVOA respectively.  The whole population of 179 respondents was used in the study hence; the study employed the census approach. The questionnaire was pilot tested on 18 respondents who were selected randomly. The study applied Cronbach's alpha and the results displayed a high level of internal consistency hence infers that the research tool used in the study was reliable. The data collection instrument was a semi-structured questionnaire, which were dropped and picked later. A semi-structured interview guide was also used. Data was analysed using descriptive and SPSS Version 24. Results: Correlation analysis indicates that there is a strong positive and significant relationship between integrated ticketing and sustainable mobility of Matatu Sacco in Nairobi County.  (rho = 0.809, p value <0.05). Regression analysis also showed that in general, integrated ticketing is significant in explaining the variation in sustainable mobility of Matatu Sacco’s in Nairobi County, Kenya (β = 1.046, t = 15.872, p<0.05).   Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The study recommended that, the Ministry of Transport and the management of the Saccos should formulate substantial policies on how to handle ticketing where the government imposes control of fares. This ensures that there is functional guidance on charging the passengers, which would, in turn, improve customer satisfaction and improve company image.  

scholarly journals Exploring Community Leaders’ Understanding and Attitudes Toward Depression Among Older Korean Americans

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 634-635
Author(s):  
Eunhye Kim
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Korean Americans ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Community Leaders ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Older Korean Americans ◽  
Analyze Data

Abstract This study explores community leaders’ understanding and attitudes toward depression among older Korean Americans. The community leaders who provide services for older adults play a significant role because these leaders typically engage with the target population by providing services. A qualitative method was applied for this study. A total of 12 community leaders were interviewed for 60 minutes using the semi-structured interview guide. The constant comparative approach was employed to analyze data using NVivo software. The findings indicated that the community leaders were aware of the severity of the issues, but lacked knowledge regarding depression and had stereotypes against depression. Those leaders identified negative personality issues of people with depression and desired to avoid discussing depression with older adults. The results suggest that interventions are essential to support community leaders and empower them to take actions to provide services to promote understanding of depression in older adults.

Construction of citizenship in hospitalized children, Peru

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Fernando Ledesma Perez ◽  
Maria Caycho Avalos ◽  
Juana Cruz Montero ◽  
Andrea Ayala Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
Structured Interview ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Hospitalized Children ◽  
Health Institute ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Communication Interaction ◽  
The Individual

Citizenship is the exercise of the fundamental rights of people in spaces of participation, opinion and commitments, which can not be violated by any health condition in which the individual is. This research aims to interpret the process of construction of citizenship in hospitalized children, was developed through the qualitative approach, ethnomethodological method, synchronous design, with a sample of three students hospitalized in a health institute specializing in childhood, was used Observation technique and a semi-structured interview guide were obtained as results that hospitalized children carry out their citizenship construction in an incipient way, through the communication interaction they make with other people in the environment where they grow up.

Patients’ Perceptions of Caring and Uncaring Nursing Encounters in Inpatient Rehabilitation Settings

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan C Cheruiyot ◽  
Petra Brysiewicz
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Content Analysis ◽  
Inpatient Rehabilitation ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
The Self ◽  
Personal Relationships ◽  
Individual Interviews ◽  
Textual Data ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Being There

This study explores and describes caring and uncaring nursing encounters from the perspective of the patients admitted to inpatient rehabilitation settings in South Africa. The researchers used an exploratory descriptive design. A semi-structured interview guide was used to collect data through individual interviews with 17 rehabilitation patients. Content analysis allowed for the analysis of textual data. Five categories of nursing encounters emerged from the analysis: noticing and acting, and being there for you emerged as categories of caring nursing encounters, and being ignored, being a burden, and deliberate punishment emerged as categories of uncaring nursing encounters. Caring nursing encounters make patients feel important and that they are not alone in the rehabilitation journey, while uncaring nursing encounters makes the patients feel unimportant and troublesome to the nurses. Caring nursing encounters give nurses an opportunity to notice and acknowledge the existence of vulnerability in the patients and encourage them to be present at that moment, leading to empowerment. Uncaring nursing encounters result in patients feeling devalued and depersonalised, leading to discouragement. It is recommended that nurses strive to develop personal relationships that promote successful nursing encounters. Further, nurses must strive to minimise the patients’ feelings of guilt and suffering, and to make use of tools, for example the self-perceived scale, to measure this. Nurses must also perform role plays on how to handle difficult patients such as confused, demanding and rude patients in the rehabilitation settings.

Application of the Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and, Sustainability (NASSS) Framework to evaluate the role of technology in the Pathways to Comorbidity Care (PCC) implementation project to improve management of comorbid substance use and mental disorders

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MariaGabriela Uribe Guajardo ◽  
Andrew James Baillie ◽  
Eva Louie ◽  
Vicki Giannopoulos ◽  
Katie Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Clinical Supervision ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Drug And Alcohol

Abstract (250 words)In substance use treatment settings, there is a high prevalence of comorbid mental health problems. Yet an integrated approach for managing comorbidity, implementation of evidence-based intervention in drug and alcohol settings remains problematic. Technology can help the adoption of evidence-based practice and successfully implement effective treatment health care pathways. This study sought to examine aspects of electronic resources utilisation (barriers and facilitators) by clinicians participating in the PCC training. MethodA self-report questionnaire and a semi-structured interview was designed to measure overall satisfaction with the PCC portal and e-resources available throughout the 9-month intervention for participating clinicians. An adapted version of the ‘Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread and, Sustainability’ (NASSS) framework was used to facilitate discussion in regards to the study findings. ResultsA total of 20 clinicians from drug and alcohol services responded to all the measures. Facilitators of portal use included: i. clinician acceptance of the PCC portal; ii. guidance from the clinical supervisor or clinical champion that encouraged the use of e-resources. Some of the barriers included: i. complexity of the illness (condition), ii. clinicians’ preference (adopter system) for face-to-face resources and training modes (e.g. clinical supervision, clinical champion workshops), and iii. lack of face-to-face training on how to use the portal (technology and organisation).ConclusionBased on the NASSS framework, we were able to identify several barriers and facilitators including such as the complexity of the illness, lack of face-to-face training and clinician preference for training mediums. Recommendations include ongoing consultation of clinicians to assist in the development of tailored e-health resources and offering in-house training on how to operate and effectively utilise these resources.

Perspectives of community members on homeless people with mental illness in Nsawam, Ghana

2020 ◽  
pp. 002076402098419
Author(s):  
Kwamina Abekah-Carter ◽  
George Ofosu Oti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Homeless People ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Homeless Persons ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
People With Mental Illness ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Audio Data ◽  
Good Food

Background: Homelessness among people with mental illness has grown to become a common phenomenon in many developed and developing countries. Just like in any other country, the living conditions of homeless people with mental illness in Ghana are unwholesome. Despite the increased population of these vulnerable individuals on the streets, not much is known about the perspectives of the general public towards this phenomenon in Ghana. Aim: This research was conducted to explore the perspectives of community members on homeless people with mental illness. The main study objectives were (a) to find out the impacts of the presence of persons with mental illness on the streets and (b) to ascertain the reasons accounting for homelessness among persons with mental illness. Method: Utilizing a qualitative research design, twenty community members were sampled from selected suburbs in Nsawam and interviewed with the use of a semi-structured interview guide. The audio data gathered from the interviews were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically. Results: Majority of the participants asserted that homeless people with mental illness had no access to good food, shelter, and health care. They further stated that some homeless people with mental illness perpetrated physical and sexual violence against the residents. Moreover, the participants believed that persons with mental illness remained on the streets due to neglect by their family members, and limited access to psychiatric services. Conclusion: This paper concludes by recommending to government to make mental health services accessible and affordable to homeless persons with mental illness nationwide.

Investigation of Attitudes Toward Chemistry and Learning Experiences of Pre-Service Chemistry Teachers

2021 ◽  
pp. 191-211
Author(s):  
Dwi Wahi/udiati ◽  
Hari Sutrisno ◽  
Isana Supiah YL
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Learning Experience ◽  
Learning Experiences ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Mixed Method Research ◽  
Chemistry Teachers ◽  
Inquiry Based Learning ◽  
Interview Guide ◽  
Students Attitudes ◽  
Attitudes Toward Chemistry

The objective of this research was to investigate the level of students' attitudes toward Chemistry and Learning Experience (ATCLE). The research sample included 191 students (61 male and 130 female) from three universities; Universitas Negeri Mataram, Universitas Islam Negeri Mataram, and IK1P Mataram, Indonesia. The sample has been selected through cluster random sampling and snowballs random sampling. Mixed method research with a descriptive correlational survey model and a semi-structured interview was employed for the study. The data were collected by Chemistry Attitudes and Experiences Questionnaire (CAEQ) and an interview guide. Results showed no significant correlation in the level of attitude toward chemistry based on gender and grades. The finding also revealed that the attitude of pre-service chemistry teachers based on gender and grade were more positive towards research in chemistry than jobs related to chemistry. However, grades influenced the students learning experience, but there was no influence of gender on students learning experience. It is suggested that teachers need to develop a positive attitude toward chemistry and learning experiences of the students through inquiry-based learning practices.

Successful Transition to Life After Incarceration: A Pilot Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 7512510222p1-7512510222p1
Author(s):  
Ariana Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Community Supervision ◽  
Pilot Program ◽  
Life Skills Training ◽  
Successful Transition ◽  
Department Of Corrections ◽  
Skill Building ◽  
Primary Author

Abstract Date Presented 04/7/21 A pilot for integrating OT into a Department of Corrections Community Supervision Center was implemented. This pilot sought to use OT assessment and intervention for justice-involved individuals to address skill building, increase problem solving, and further explore the needs and barriers to re-entry, including maintenance of supervision to prevent recidivism. This pilot highlighted a gap in life skills training for this population and this program's impact. Primary Author and Speaker: Ariana Gonzalez Additional Authors and Speakers: Megan Davis, Emily Gralinski, Stephanie Monforte,and Jacqueline Strausser

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