Changing Roles of Women: Examining the Reciprocal Effects of Female Academics’ Job and Family Roles in Public Universities in Ghana

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 127-137
Author(s):  
Eric Anane ◽  
Juliana Audria Dankwa
Keyword(s):  
Public Universities ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
University Management ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Large Classes ◽  
Changing Roles ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
To Come ◽  
Teaching Learning

AbstractThe role of women in society seems to be predefined in terms of cultural and physiological lines. Some people think the woman is not capable of taking up some executive positions, because they are weak and too feeble to handle certain kinds of work. However, the last decade has seen huge progress in the employment of women in the formal sector. This study therefore explores the factors that affect the work and family life of female lecturers. Data was generated from the administration of questionnaires on 105 women lecturers, who were conveniently selected from two public universities in the central region of Ghana. Our findings from the study indicated that factors such as teaching large classes, lack of teaching/learning materials, family responsibilities and pressure and demanding Deans and Heads of Departments, affected female lecturers’ job performance. The results also suggest that females academics involved in the study were least bothered about issues on their promotion and personal goals. We recommended that University management would have to come to terms with the requirements of managing tension among women to make the environment potentiating and favourable so as to keep adroit women in higher education.

scholarly journals Towards gender equality in the labour markets of Canada, USA and Russia: an overview of progress in achievement of international commitments

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-50
Author(s):  
Maria Yu. Beletskaya ◽  
Elena A. Zotova
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Policy Action ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Employment Of Women

In 2019, the International Labour Organization (ILO), together with the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), prepared and presented to the G20 leaders a report entitled “Women at work in G20 countries: Progress and policy action”. According to the report, Canada, the United States and Russia show the lowest results among the G20 countries in reaching the goal of reducing the gender gap in labour force participation by 25 percent by 2025. This is largely due to the relatively high levels of gender equality that have already been achieved in these countries. The article analyzes the policy of Canada, the USA and Russia towards women at work in four directions: 1) measures taken by national Governments, in cooperation with social partners, to increase women’s participation in the labour force and to overcome cultural and behavioural barriers to the employment of women; 2) measures to increase women’s ability to earn decent wages, including through lifelong learning, upgrading qualifications and skills development; 3) measures to reduce the proportion of women employed in the informal sector and in low-paid jobs; 4) measures to protect women in labour market in order to encourage men and women to combine work and family and share family responsibilities equitably.

scholarly journals Dialogue of Labor and Motherhood in the Context of Socio-Economic and Territorial Differentiation in the Republic of Tatarstan

REGIONOLOGY ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 801-830
Author(s):  
Chulpan I. Ildarhanova ◽  
Vera A. Gnevasheva ◽  
Asiya F. Validova
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Sociological Study ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Number Of Children ◽  
Territorial Differentiation ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Ideological Attitudes

Introduction. Women’s activity in the labor market, reluctance to interrupt their careers and face the problem of lowering income from work are the factors that impede the increase in birth rates and affect the reproductive behavior of women. Under the influence of ideological attitudes and material factors, women are faced with the need to assume a huge share of family responsibilities and maintain a balance between work and family. The objective of this study is to analyze women’s satisfaction with and demand for the existing state support in the Republic of Tatarstan targeted at creating conditions for combining household work and paid jobs. Materials and Methods. The study was based on the results of the applied sociological study ‘Labor activity in the structure of reproductive and parental strategies of a modern woman in the Republic of Tatarstan’. The method of comparative analysis of the microdata obtained was used to assess the extent to which of women with children are satisfied with their position in the context of the conflict of family and employment in the situation of the existing family and demographic policies in the opposition of ‘city – village’. Results. The study has confirmed the hypothesis about a significant role of the system of preschool institutions in making it possible for women to achieve a balance between paid work and motherhood, while the degree of success depends on the type of settlement. New approaches to supporting families with children have been proposed. According to the authors, the main components of state policies to ensure the balance of life and work for women with children should include the practice of flexible forms of employment, making it possible to combine participation in the labor market with motherhood, as well as access to quality childcare services. Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained made it possible to conclude that, regardless of the type of settlement, the financial position of households and the housing conditions, as well as the state of health, to a greater extent prevent women in the Republic of Tatarstan from having the desired number of children. The materials of the article may be useful to the authorities when developing programs to optimize the regional process of regulating employment of women.

scholarly journals Job and family life of the women employedin the tourism of Vojvodina - conflicts and advantages

2018 ◽  
pp. 395-407
Author(s):  
Ivana Blesic ◽  
Татjana Pivac ◽  
Sanja Bozic ◽  
Bojana Kalenjuk
Keyword(s):  
Family Life ◽  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Intent To Leave ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Employment Of Women ◽  
The Individual

Work and family are the two most important aspects of a woman?s life. The problem of mismatch between work and family intensifies and culminates in modern families in which both spouses are equally absent from the family. The employment of both spouses affects family life by preventing the fulfillment of family roles and obligations in the way that it had functioned before the massive participation of women in the labour market began. Increased interest in this issue started with the massive employment of women. Women become financially more independent than their husbands, have less time for family responsibilities, seek greater equality in decision-making, leading to increased opportunities to report conflicts of family and business roles, as job matching requirements and family activities are higher. When a conflict arises, it also affects the organization and the individual. Numerous studies have found that a person experiencing a conflict of working and family life will experience an increase in health risk, a reduction in work and life effects, and a decrease in life satisfaction. The paper presents the results of a research aimed at examining the influence of negative affectivity, conflictual interaction of work and family, as well as the positive interaction of the work and family role of women employedin the tourism industry of Vojvodina on organizational commitment and intent to leave the job. The research was conducted in hotels, travel agencies and tourist organizations. The results of the survey have shown that the conflict between work and family affects the increase in the intention to leave the organization, and that, as is expected, a positive interaction between family and work increases the degree of affective commitment to the organization.

scholarly journals Review of research on language teaching, learning and policy published in 2004 and 2005

2006 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Johnstone
Keyword(s):  
International Research ◽  
Language Teaching ◽  
To Come ◽  
The One ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Comprehensive Coverage

Most of the annual reviews which I have prepared for the present journal discuss roughly 100 articles published each previous year in top international research outlets. Even with such a high number per year, considerable selectivity has to be applied – the number of abstracts appearing up to the end of the October 2005 edition of Language Teaching, for example, amounts to 601, mostly published in 2005 and with still more to come for that year. The task of covering 2004 as well as 2005 within the one review, necessitated by personal circumstances, is therefore doubly daunting in its selectivity. For comprehensive coverage then, there is nothing in my view which can compete with the abstracts themselves as published in the present journal.

Moderation Effect of Supervisor Support between Flexible Working Arrangement andWork-Family Conflict in Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 711-726
Author(s):  
Eni Suriana Binti Alias Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Family Conflict ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Supervisor Support ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Moderation Effect ◽  
Work Conflict ◽  
Flexible Working ◽  
Working Couples

There have been major changes in current workforce competitiveness trends. The changes in workforce demographics particularly in the increase of dual-earner families and single-parents have resulted in increased multiple role conflicts. Working couples must cope with the problem of combining work and family responsibilities in their daily life. Many industries adopted the current trend of the flexible working environment into their organizations. This study explores the moderation effect of supervisor support between flexible working arrangements (FWA), the effect on work interference with family conflict (WIF) and family interference with work (FIW). The population for this study primarily focused on the organizations that adopt the flexible working arrangement such as flexible working time, working from home, and compressed work-week practices in Malaysia. The companies selected is based on the listing of global organizations practices FWA mentioned in Talent Corp Malaysia Flexible Working Arrangement collaboration with Malaysian Federation Employer report, 2015. The questionnaires were distributed through the Human Resource Department of each organization. The result demonstrated that there is relationship between FWA and WIF and there was moderation effect of supervisor support (SS) between FWA and WIF.  However, the result showed no moderation effect of SS between FWA and FIW. This study supports the idea that supervisor support is a resource that helps employees to manage the occurrence of interference from work to family and to overcoming FIW, supports particularly from family members either siblings, parents and spouse is important. The implication of this study is that, work conflict issue requires the proactive effort and support not only from the organization in terms of supervisor support through FWA but also support within the family circle. Organizations approach in adopting FWA in their attempts to minimize WFC is recommendable but it should be applied across occupation and organizations as one of employee benefits policy.

Changing times and women on the wheels: a qualitative investigation of the experiences of female commercial drivers in Lagos State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Temitope Owolabi ◽  
Tunde A. Alabi ◽  
Sofiat A. Busari-Akinbode
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lagos State ◽  
Commercial Drivers ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Changing Times ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Purpose This study aims to investigate female commercial drivers in the Lagos metropolis. The study sought to know the circumstances that motivated women to venture into commercial driving; the experiences they encounter whilst engaging with other stakeholders in the public space; the dimension of the conflict between work and family, and the coping strategies used and finally, the health concerns of female commercial drivers. Design/methodology/approach The study adopted a cross-sectional design and a qualitative method of data collection. An in-depth interview guide was used to elicit information from 18 female drivers drawn from three sectors of commercial transportation in Lagos State. Findings It was found that the major motivation for engaging in commercial driving is the need for survival and family support; although participants acknowledged that they cannot be in the profession for a long time. Married women had less time to engage in commercial driving due to other family responsibilities. Women drivers have experienced mixed reactions from other road users. Commercial driving is physically demanding and poses threat to the health of female commercial drivers. Originality/value The findings highlight the circumstances behind women participating in commercial driving. Despite the challenges encountered in this course of this activity, they are still bent on continuing because of the need to take care of their children, a majority of their spouses are not fully contributing to the maintenance of the home.

Consequences of Submissive Loyalty Corporations: An Empirical Analysis of Korean Female Employees’ Perception

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Kim Hwayeon ◽  
Nam Taewoo
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Family Conflict ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Work Family Conflict ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Overtime Work ◽  
Female Employees ◽  
Work Family

The number of female employees in the Korean workforce has risen. However, the Korean corporate climate, characterized by collectivism, hierarchism, and senior and masculine privilege, leads them to experience worklife conflict and even halt their careers. This climate stems from a social and organizational culture deeply rooted in traditional Confucianism. In Korea, where housework and childcare have long been considered the province of women, female employees find it more difficult to balance office work and family life. The Korean corporate climate welcomes overtime work, and women who work outside the home must juggle this and family responsibilities. We conceptualize behavior such as acquiescing to overtime work as submissive loyalty and elucidate work-family conflict and decreasing job and life satisfaction as consequences thereof. The analysis, based on a structural equation model, revealed that submissive loyalty increases work-family conflict, which decreases job and life satisfaction.

scholarly journals Working the second shift, settling in Canada and other struggles; narratives of working African-immigrant mothers in Toronto.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muno Mohamed Osman
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Force Participation ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
African Immigrant ◽  
Immigrant Mothers ◽  
Feminist Theories ◽  
Second Shift

This research study explores the experiences of working African immigrant mothers in accessing formal childcare services in Toronto. I start the study with an over view of the literature on the topics of access to childcare service and women’s labour force participation. I then review social reproduction and black feminist theories; the theoretical framework for my research. I also highlight the current state of childcare in Canada and how this affects African immigrant mothers who work. The study includes qualitative in-depth interviews with four such mothers who talk about their challenges and experiences in balancing work and family responsibilities in Toronto. The study found that the mothers are dissatisfied with several aspects of the childcare services they use or have used in the past. The mothers also face many struggles owing to patriarchal gender norms in their households and loss of extended family supports after immigration.

scholarly journals THE RELEVANCY OF SELF DEVELOPMENT AND ACADEMIC EXPATRIATES’ CAREER IN PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES OF MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (37) ◽  
pp. 253-269
Author(s):  
Irma Wani Othman ◽  
Muhammad Safuan Yusoff ◽  
Mohd Sohaimi Esa ◽  
Mohd Azri Ibrahim ◽  
Budi Anto Mohd Tamring ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Public Universities ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Higher Learning ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Learning ◽  
Global Issue ◽  
Self Development ◽  
To Come ◽  
Depth Interviews

The presence of international staff or independent expatriate academicians in the cross border higher education world today is indeed a global issue that brings benefits to the development of higher education worldwide. The decision taken by independent expatriate academicians to come to the host country to pursue a career as an academician will certainly have useful implications on the career they are pursuing. Through in-depth interviews based on a qualitative approach adopted on thirty (30) selected voluntarily respondents in three public universities, the objective of this study was to find out the implications on self-development of careers as independent expatriate academicians serving in the host country. From the findings received as a result of the interviews conducted, the implications for self-development in terms of the career which could be seen were (I) Promotion (II) Lucrative income (III) Security in Malaysia and (IV) Harmony in the workplace. From each finding stated by the respondents involved, it had been proven that the decision was taken by independent expatriate academicians to the host country in pursuing a career as an academician had given the positive implication that indirectly brought benefits to themselves. The implications for self-development on a career as an independent expatriate academician were also able to lead to the retention of human resources of independent expatriate academicians which can reduce the turnover rate in an organisation such as academics in Malaysian Public Institutions of Higher Learning.

scholarly journals The Unintended Effect of Paternity Leave on Union Stability: Evidence from the Quebec Parental Insurance Program

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Margolis ◽  
Youjin Choi ◽  
Anders Holm ◽  
Nirav Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Infant Health ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Union Dissolution ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Family Responsibilities ◽  
Insurance Program ◽  
Intent To Treat ◽  
Parental Benefits

The transition to parenthood is often stressful, as parents balance work and family responsibilities and adjust to new social roles. Paid parental benefits policies are explicitly aimed to encourage return-to-work and enhance infant health. However, some recent policies also aim to equalize housework and paid work within families by earmarking weeks of parental benefits for fathers that cannot be transferred to mothers. We examine two theoretical frameworks from sociology and economics to highlight potential mechanisms through which such policies may increase or decrease union dissolution, and why the direction and magnitude of the effects might differ across subpopulations. Then, using population-level administrative data, we examine how the Quebec Parental Insurance Program affected union dissolution. We find that overall, the policy decreased the divorce/separation rate by 0.6% points, a 7% reduction in the rate overall (intent-to-treat). Further, we find that the effect of fathers using parental benefits on the risk of divorce (treatment-on-treated) is more than double the intent-to-treat estimate. The policy had the greatest effects in reducing union dissolution among couples likely to be more egalitarian in orientation, and led to no increase in divorce, even in the most traditional couples.

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