Reproductive Phenology and Growth of Riparian Species along Phra Prong River, Sa Kaeo Province, Eastern Thailand

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the duration of flowering and fruiting and the growth of riparian species in the natural forest along Phra Prong River, Watthana Nakhon District, Sa Kaeo province. The occurrence of flowering and fruiting was recorded every month from February 2015 to January 2016 (12 months) along a 7km distance of the riversides. Sixty six species belonging to 36 families were seen flowering and fruiting in this study. They were observed during February – April. The peak of flowering and fruiting occurred in March (early summer). Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus, Uvaria rufa, and Combretum latifolium had a long lasting flowering and fruiting period. Oxystelma esculentum, Capparis micracantha, Connarus cochinchinensis, Derris scandens, and Ficus racemosa produced flowers and fruits more than once a year. Those species may play an important role in availability of food resources for animals in the riparian forest. The appropriate time to collect seeds in Phra Prong riparian forest starts from February and lasts until August. The germination test indicated that Xanthophyllum lanceatum and Crateva magna had a high germination rate, about 70%. Growth of some riparian species, including Cinnamomum iners, Dipterocarpus alatus, Hydnocarpus anthelminthicus and Hopea odorata was monitored every three months from July 2015 to June 2016. Diameter growth of D. alatus was significantly higher during the wet season (Jul-Sep) than other seasons. In contrast, the rest of the species showed no significant differences among monitoring periods. Height growth rate of C. iners was significantly highest late in the dry period (Jan-Mar).

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Seed dormancy in four Tibetan Plateau Vicia species and characterization of physiological changes in response of seeds to environmental factors

Seed Science Research ◽

10.1017/s0960258513000019 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 133-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Xiaowen Hu ◽

Tingshan Li ◽

Juan Wang ◽

Yanrong Wang ◽

Carol C. Baskin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tibetan Plateau ◽

Seed Dormancy ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Soil Surface ◽

The Tibetan Plateau ◽

Physical Dormancy ◽

High Germination ◽

One Year ◽

Hydrotime Model ◽

Aba Biosynthesis

AbstractAlthough seed dormancy of temperate legumes is well understood, less is known about it in species that grow in subalpine/alpine areas. This study investigated dormancy and germination of four Vicia species from the Tibetan Plateau. Fresh seeds of V. sativa were permeable to water, whereas those of V. angustifolia, V. amoena and V. unijuga had physical dormancy (PY). One year of dry storage increased the proportion of impermeable seeds in V. angustifolia, but showed no effect on seed coat permeability in V. amoena or V. unijuga. Seeds of all four species also had non-deep physiological dormancy (PD), which was especially apparent in the two annuals at a high germination temperature (20°C). After 1 year of storage, PD had been lost. The hydrotime model showed that fresh seeds obtained a significantly higher median water potential [Ψb(50)] than stored seeds, implying that PD prevents germination in winter for seeds dispersed without PY when water availability is limited. After 6 months on the soil surface in the field, a high proportion of permeable seeds remained ungerminated, further suggesting that PD plays a key role in preventing germination after dispersal. Addition of fluridone, an inhibitor of abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis, evened-out the differences in germination between fresh and stored seeds, which points to the key role of ABA biosynthesis in maintaining dormancy. Further, fresh seeds were more sensitive to exogenous ABA than stored seeds, indicating that storage decreased embryo sensitivity to ABA. On the other hand, the gibberellic acid GA3 increased germination rate, which implies that embryo sensitivity to GA is also involved in seed dormancy regulation. This study showed that PY, PD or their combination (PY+PD) plays a key role in timing germination after dispersal, and that different intensities of dormancy occur among these four Vicia species from the Tibetan Plateau.

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Seasonal evolution of aerosol stratigraphy in Ürümqi glacier No. 1 percolation zone, eastern Tien Shan, China

Annals of Glaciology ◽

10.3189/172756406781812041 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 245-249 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Feiteng Wang ◽

Zhongqin Li ◽

Xiaoni You ◽

Chuanjin Li ◽

Huilin Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wind Erosion ◽

Sampling Site ◽

Chemical Species ◽

Early Summer ◽

Tien Shan ◽

Wet Season ◽

Surface Layers ◽

Different Depths ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Percolation Zone

AbstractThe processes involved in the evolution of vertical profiles of Mg2+, Ca2+ and microparticle concentrations, as well as their seasonal variation in surface snow, were studied by weekly sampling from September 2003 to September 2004 of a snow pit on Ürümqi glacier No. 1, eastern Tien Shan, China. The development of the microparticle and Mg2+ and Ca2+ stratigraphy in the snow pit is closely related to the physical development of the snow–firn pack. The sampling site is located at 4130 ma.s.l. in the percolation zone of the glacier, and in addition to the effects of sublimation and wind erosion, melting plays a crucial role in both the physical and chemical evolution processes. During the winter, soluble aerosol concentrations in the surface layers are altered slightly by sublimation and wind erosion, and the concentrations are further modified as the wet season begins in late April. In contrast, soluble aerosol stratigraphy in the deeper layers remains relatively unchanged through the winter. In early summer, as melting occurs in the upper part of the snow–firn pack, meltwater carries chemical species to different depths in the underlying snow–firn layers, such that at the end of the ablation season, all of the surface cations might be leached out from the upper layers. In addition, the possible source of calcium and magnesium is discussed in this paper.

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Branch elongation and diameter growth were temporally dissociatedin "cerrado" tree species

Hoehnea ◽

10.1590/s2236-89062009000300005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 36 (3) ◽

pp. 437-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Davi Rodrigo Rossatto

Keyword(s):

Water Status ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Dry Season ◽

Diameter Growth ◽

Wet Season ◽

Dry Period ◽

Central Brazil ◽

Branch Growth ◽

Tree Community ◽

One Year

Here is a communicating about time differences between branch and diameter growth in a tree community of ten species in Neotropical savanna ("cerrado") of Central Brazil. This work was conducted to study branch expansion and diameter growth in a period of one year between 2006 and 2007. Branch growth had begin in middle dry season and had the peak occurrence during the dry period in September, while diameter growth had begin in late dry season and peaked in the middle of wet season in December. The majority of species followed the same pattern. Branch growth did not have relation with rainfall, while diameter growth had a clear and positive relation with rainfall records. These results suggested that branch growth was not depend on rainfall but only on water status recover, while diameter growth probably depends strongly on water and to carbon assimilation that occurs after branch and leaf expansion.

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Germination efficiency of clinical Clostridium difficile spores and correlation with ribotype, disease severity and therapy failure

Journal of Medical Microbiology ◽

10.1099/jmm.0.056614-0 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (9) ◽

pp. 1405-1413 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

P. Moore ◽

L. Kyne ◽

A. Martin ◽

K. Solomon

Keyword(s):

Clostridium Difficile ◽

Spore Germination ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Sodium Taurocholate ◽

Response To Treatment ◽

First Line Therapy ◽

High Germination ◽

Forming Efficiency ◽

Spore Outgrowth ◽

Ribotype 078

Spore germination is an important part of the pathogenesis of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). Spores are resistant to antibiotics, including those therapeutically administered for CDI and strains with a high germination rate are significantly more likely to be implicated in recurrent CDI. The role of germination efficiency in cases of refractory CDI where first-line therapy fails remains unclear. We investigated spore germination efficiencies of clinical C. difficile isolates by measuring drop in OD600 and colony forming efficiency. Ribotype 027 isolates exhibited significantly higher germination efficiencies in the presence of 0.1 % (w/v) sodium taurocholate (51.66±8.75 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 47.37–55.95 %) than ribotype 106 (41.91±8.35 %; 95 % CI 37.82–46 %) (P<0.05) and ribotype 078 (42.07±8.57 %, 95 % CI 37.22–46.92 %) (P<0.05). Spore outgrowth rates were comparable between the ribotype groups but the exponential phase occurred approximately 4 h later in the absence of sodium taurocholate. Spore germination efficiencies for isolates implicated in severe CDI were significantly higher (49.68±10.00 %, 95 % CI 47.06–52.30 %) than non-severe CDI (40.92±9.29 %, 95 % CI 37.48–44.36 %); P<0.01. Germination efficiencies were also significantly higher in recurrent CDI or when metronidazole therapy failed than when therapy was successful [(49.00±10.49 %, 95 % CI 46.25–51.75 %) versus (41.42±9.43 %, 95 % CI 37.93–44.91 %); P<0.01]. This study suggests an important link between C. difficile spore germination, CDI pathogenesis and response to treatment; however, further work is warranted before the complex interplay between germination dynamics and CDI outcome can be fully understood.

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Stream Structural Limitations on Invasive Communities in Urban Riparian Areas

Invasive Plant Science and Management ◽

10.1614/ipsm-d-14-00081.1 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 353-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Robert J. Warren ◽

Daniel L. Potts ◽

Kelly M. Frothingham

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Plant Invasions ◽

Wildlife Habitat ◽

Tree Canopy ◽

Suitable Habitat ◽

Assessment Protocol ◽

Riparian Species ◽

Riparian Plant Communities ◽

Riparian Plant

AbstractUrban riparian plant communities exist at the interface between terrestrial and aquatic habitats, and they are rich sources of species biodiversity and ecosystem services. The periodic floods that promote species diversity in riparian plant communities also increase their vulnerability to nonnative plant invasions. Plant invasions are constrained by seed and suitable habitat availability. However, how seed dispersal and establishment limitations interact to shape nonnative plant invasions in riparian communities is poorly understood. We use Stream Visual Assessment Protocol data to evaluate the hydrological and geomorphological parameters that influence the seeding and establishment of six common nonnative species in urban riparian habitats: garlic mustard, purple loosestrife, reed canarygrass, common reed, Japanese knotweed, and multiflora rose. To address this objective, we analyzed stream reach data collected during a basin-wide environmental assessment of the extensively urbanized upper Niagara River watershed. We found limited support for our prediction that propagule limitation constrains the distribution of nonnative riparian species, likely because these species are well established in the study area. Instead, we found that opportune stream reach characteristics better predict the distribution of the common invasive riparian species—most notably open tree canopy. Given that there is widespread investment in urban riparian forest restoration to improve water quality, increase stream-bank stability, enhance wildlife habitat and promote recreation, our data suggest that riparian forests may provide the additional benefit of reducing the abundance of some, but not all, invasive plants.

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Comment Rubus alceifolius, une espèce exotique envahissante, pourrait-elle progressivement coloniser la totalité d'une forêt tropicale humide ?

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b04-169 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 83 (2) ◽

pp. 219-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Stéphane Baret ◽

Thomas Le Bourgeois ◽

Dominique Strasberg

Keyword(s):

Sexual Reproduction ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Biological Traits ◽

Running Water ◽

High Germination ◽

Before And After ◽

Soil Seedbank ◽

Seed Distribution ◽

Quantitative Results ◽

Forestry Services

Few quantitative studies confirm or refute actual theories on the capacity of exotic species to invade and colonize new environments. To evaluate these theories, we tested some biological traits of an invasive bramble (Rubus alceifolius Poiret), known for the importance of its sexual reproduction on lowlands, at La Réunion (Indian Ocean). We studied R. alceifolius seed distribution in one of the last tropical lowland rainforests of the island. Seed count was greater under R. alceifolius patches (> 10 000 seed/m2) than in understoreys not colonized by the bramble (approximately 3000 seed/m2). In R. alceifolius patches, localized within gaps, our results showed that seed-rain and seed-bank before and after the fruit period decreased significantly from the center to the edge of the gap. This pattern was certainly due to the variation in luminosity, which decreased from the center of the gap to the edge. We conclude that seed dispersal of this species within the forest is mainly via running water. A number of seeds (10%20%) were able to wait for a new opening in which to germinate. A small proportion of these seeds remained viable in the soil for many years. Monospecific R. alceifolius patches can be considered nurseries and are the main source for colonization of new areas within the forest. Our quantitative results confirm that copious sexual reproduction, a large soil seedbank, and a high germination rate are biological traits that greatly contribute to the invasiveness of this plant. They also provide important information for forestry services establishing adapted control plans.Key words: seedbank, dissemination, introduced plant, biological invasion, life history traits, viability.

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The Impact of Climate Variations on the Structure of Ground Beetle (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Assemblage in Forests and Wetlands

Forests ◽

10.3390/f11101074 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (10) ◽

pp. 1074

Author(s):

Marina Kirichenko-Babko ◽

Yaroslav Danko ◽

Anna Musz-Pomorksa ◽

Marcin K. Widomski ◽

Roman Babko

Keyword(s):

Negative Impact ◽

Ground Beetle ◽

Ground Beetles ◽

Climate Variations ◽

Wet Season ◽

Dry Period ◽

Drought Period ◽

Terrestrial Arthropods ◽

Climate Aridization ◽

The Impact

We studied the effect of climate variations on the structure of the assemblage of ground beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in a wetland and surrounding watershed forest. We analyzed the changes in the structure of the assemblage of ground beetles provoked by a two-year dry period against the background of studies carried out during the two-year wet period. Aridization influenced the structure of the assemblage of ground beetles more in wetlands than in forests. It was shown that despite the stabilizing effect of the forest on the structure of assemblages of terrestrial arthropods, the two-year dry period had a negative impact on the assemblage of ground beetles in the studied area. The Simpson dominance index of 4.9 during the wet season increased to 7.2 during the drought period. Although the total number of species during the dry period did not significantly decrease in comparison with the wet period—from 30 to 27 species—changes occurred in the trophic structure: during the drought period, the number of predators decreased. It is concluded that the resistance of forest habitats to climate aridization is somewhat exaggerated and, very likely, the structure of the community of arthropods in forests will change significantly.

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SEED STERILIZATION USING SILVER IONS ANDSILVER NANOPARTICES SYNTHESIZED BY GREEN CHEMISTRY METHODS

BIOTECHNOLOGY: STATE OF THE ART AND PERSPECTIVES ◽

10.37747/2312-640x-2020-18-343-344 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 343-344

Author(s):

A. Popova ◽

V. Zaitsev

Keyword(s):

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Green Chemistry ◽

Germination Rate ◽

Silver Ions ◽

Effective Surface ◽

Surface Sterilization ◽

High Germination

Most effective surface sterilization of barley seeds is treatment by 0,14% AgNO3, producing maximal sterilization level coupled with high germination rate. Treatments of the seeds by H2O2 or silver nanoparticles synthesized by green chemistry methods were inefficient.

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Observations on the habitat and biology of a lymnaeid snail, Austropeplea vinosa (Gastropoda : Pulmonata), an intermediate host for avian schistosomes in tropical Austarlia

Marine and Freshwater Research ◽

10.1071/mf9810757 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 32 (5) ◽

pp. 757 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

D Blair ◽

CM Finlayson

Keyword(s):

Intermediate Host ◽

Early Summer ◽

Dry Season ◽

Water Levels ◽

Wet Season ◽

Temporary Habitats ◽

Lymnaeid Snail ◽

Avian Schistosomes ◽

Main Factor

The aquatic snail A. vinosa is widely distributed in northern Queensland, occurring in rivers and in static waters, both semipermanent and permanent. The snail is capable of breeding throughout the year. although fewer small snails are present during the cooler months. Rainfall rather than temperature appears to be the main factor influencing populations of A. vinosa, very small snails being able to survive drought by aestivating in the mud. Heavy summer rains refill temporary habitats, and small snails emerge to recommence growth. The same summer rains flood permanent habitats and can wash away snail populations living there. Infection levels of larval flukes in A. vinosa are generally lowest in the wet season and rise as the dry season progresses. The effects of wet season floods and steadily diminishing water levels during the dry season are thought to account for this. The risk of human bathers contracting schistosome dermatitis is therefore highest in the early summer, towards the end of the dry season, when the larvae of avian schistomes are most abundant.

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Flora of inland Atlantic riparian forests in southwestern Brazil

Biota Neotropica ◽

10.1590/1676-06032015008313 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Claudenice Faxina ◽

Erich Fischer ◽

Arnildo Pott

Keyword(s):

Atlantic Forest ◽

Riparian Forest ◽

Wide Distribution ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Riparian Species ◽

Conyza Bonariensis ◽

Distribution Ranges ◽

Seasonally Flooded ◽

Reproductive Individual ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul

The flora of the Atlantic Rainforest of Mato Grosso do Sul, southwestern Brazil, has not been inventoried in spite of being the westernmost inland region of this domain. We present an inventory of the riparian flora of inland Atlantic Forest in Mato Grosso do Sul. We describe the species distribution along three habitats with contrasting flood conditions: non-flooded, seasonally flooded, and swampy forests. The inventory consisted of sampling every reproductive individual, during 12 months on 1.12 ha of plots inside a 24 ha study area. We recorded 1967 individuals of 253 species and 72 families. The most representative families in number of species were Asteraceae (27), Fabaceae (19), Myrtaceae (17), Cyperaceae (12), Rubiaceae, Solanaceae and Orchidaceae (10 each). The most abundant reproductive species were Guarea macrophylla (169 individuals), Miconia chamissois (85) and Conyza bonariensis (80). Eleven species of six families were recorded for the first time in Mato Grosso do Sul, two of them endemic to the Atlantic Forest - Passiflora jilekii and Capanema micromera. We found 119 species exclusively in non-flooded habitat, 19 in seasonally flooded habitat, and 31 in swampy forest. Guarea macrophylla was the most frequent species in swampy forest, and Gochnatia polymorpha in non-flooded. The riparian forest flora at the study site resembles the Atlantic Forest and includes wide distribution riparian species; the variation of flood conditions among habitats favors its richness. Our records add new occurrences for Mato Grosso do Sul and new distribution ranges for some plant species, what arises concern upon the local biodiversity conservation.

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