The rhetorical neuroscience of style: On the primacy of style elements during literary discourse processing

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Burke
Keyword(s):  
Literary Texts ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Storage And Retrieval ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cognitive Neurosciences ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
Behavioural Experiments ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Shed Light

AbstractMuch work has been conducted in the social psychological sciences both modelling and predicting how the storage and retrieval of images and words in the mind operate (e.g. Baddeley 1974, 2000, Damasio 1999, Barsalou 1999). The focus has largely been on the interactions between short-term and long-term regions of memory. Such studies have also on occasion been complemented by behavioural experiments. More recently, a growing body of work has started to emerge from the biological cognitive neurosciences which looks at these same processes with the aid of scanning technologies (e.g. Dehaene 2003, 2009, Ledoux 1998, Eichenbaum 2011). The questions that will be considered in this paper are can these scientific findings be extended to aesthetic objects that are studied in the humanities, and in particular to the style of literary texts, and also can the way literary style figures operate shed light on how the mind and brain might function.

A chronology of Distributed Adaptive Control

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul F. M. J. Verschure
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Human Robot Interaction ◽  
Integration Framework ◽  
The Social ◽  
Distributed Adaptive Control ◽  
Core Components ◽  
Mind And Brain ◽  
Convergent Validation ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

This chapter presents the Distributed Adaptive Control (DAC) theory of the mind and brain of living machines. DAC provides an explanatory framework for biological brains and an integration framework for synthetic ones. DAC builds on several themes presented in the handbook: it integrates different perspectives on mind and brain, exemplifies the synthetic method in understanding living machines, answers well-defined constraints faced by living machines, and provides a route for the convergent validation of anatomy, physiology, and behavior in our explanation of biological living machines. DAC addresses the fundamental question of how a living machine can obtain, retain, and express valid knowledge of its world. We look at the core components of DAC, specific benchmarks derived from the engagement with the physical and the social world (the H4W and the H5W problems) in foraging and human–robot interaction tasks. Lastly we address how DAC targets the UTEM benchmark and the relation with contemporary developments in AI.

Aging in Place

2018 ◽  
pp. 259-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Yuk Fai Fong ◽  
Vincent T. Law
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Aging In Place ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Residential Homes ◽  
The Social

Aging is a function of time and is a natural and integral part of the life cycle. Aging process differs among individuals and brings all kinds of changes, affecting not just the physical body and its functions, but also to the social, psychological and financial situations to individuals. Aging in place (AIP) is a common preference among older people for remaining in their local community and maintaining their social networks throughout the aging process. Issues about appropriateness of aging in place, long-term care, and residential homes are discussed. Some models and recommendations are discussed, completed with thoughts on future studies.

Facing Strangers in Need

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Nenad Miscevic ◽  
Keyword(s):  
A Priori ◽  
The Other ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
Psychological Approach ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Decent Life ◽  
The One

What is the role of toleration in the present-day crisis, marked by the inflow of refugees and increase in populism? The seriousness of the crises demands efforts of active toleration, acceptance, and integration of refugees and the like. Active toleration brings with itself a series of very demanding duties, divided into immediate ones involving immediate Samaritan aid to people at our doors and the long-term ones involving their acculturation and possibilities of decent life for them. A cosmopolitan attitude can contribute a lot. In the context of a refugee crisis, cosmopolitanism is not disappearing but showing its non-traditional, more Samaritan face turned not to distant strangers, as the classical one, but towards strangers at our doors.We have conjectured that this work of active toleration can diminish the need for the passive one: the well-integrated immigrant is no longer seen as a strange, exotic person with an incomprehensible and unacceptable attitude, but as one of us so that her attitudes become less irritating and provocative. The social-psychological approach that sees integration as involving both the preservation of central aspects of the original identity and the copy-pasting of the new one over it offers an interesting rationale for the conjecture: once integrated, the former newcomer is perceived as one of ‘us’ and her views stop being exotic, incomprehensible and a priori unacceptable. Given the amount of need for toleration, and difficulties and paradoxes connected with its passive variety, the conjecture, if true, might be a piece of good news.Finally, we have briefly touched the question of deeper causes of the crisis. Once one turns to this question, the traditional cosmopolitan issues come back to the forefront: the deep poverty and unjust distribution on the one hand, and conflicts and wars on the other. Cosmopolitans have a duty to face these issues, and this is where active global toleration leads in our times.

scholarly journals Sixty Years of Language Motivation Research

SAGE Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 215824401770197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali H. Al-Hoorie
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Motivation To Learn ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Affective Factors ◽  
The Social ◽  
Emerging Themes

This article offers a historical analysis of the major themes that the language motivation field has examined in its 60-year history. The discussion starts by briefly reviewing the social-psychological and the situated–cognitive periods. The former was primarily concerned with affective factors in intergroup relations, while the latter with learners in classroom contexts. The second half of the article surveys a number of emerging themes in the field to highlight major findings and potential future directions. These themes include the dynamic, affective, unconscious, and long-term aspects of motivation to learn English and other languages, as well as the implications of the pervasive presence of technology in daily life.

scholarly journals Structural determinants of GBV against refugee youth: Advancing critical theoretical perspectives

INYI Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Negar Alamdar
Keyword(s):  
The Political ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Structural Determinants ◽  
Refugee Youth ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Systems Of Domination

The scholarship on gender-based violence (GBV) against refugee youth has succeeded in highlighting the significance of micro social psychological or situational analyses. Missing, however, are analyses that incorporate structural approaches, especially as informed by critical feminist and critical race theories. This review not only suggests ways in which structural analyses may proceed by further recommending the conceptual utility of integration and dislocation as key concepts in refugee studies, GBV and analyses of youth. These concepts mediate the relationships between two fundamental and prevailing units in the social theorizing – micro and macro-analyses. By incorporating more holistic, relational and critical foci regarding systems of domination (misogyny, racism, youth discrimination, homophobia) within the political economy and culture and their embedded institutions, more systemic and long term remedies are recommended.

scholarly journals Autobiographical reasoning in long-term fandom

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Lee Harrington ◽  
Denise D. Bielby
Keyword(s):  
Soap Opera ◽  
Fan Studies ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Social ◽  
Construction Of Self ◽  
Psychological Mechanism ◽  
Autobiographical Reasoning ◽  
Original Survey

We explore the social psychological processes through which fan-based experiences become situated in fans' larger life narratives. Drawing on original survey data with long-term U.S. soap opera fans, we examine how the psychological mechanism of autobiographical reasoning functions in fans' construction of self-narratives over time. The case study presented here is a subset of a larger investigation into the age-related structure of fans' activities, identities, and interpretive capacities. Situated at the intersections of gerontological (life span/life course) theory and contemporary fan studies, our project mines relatively uninvestigated theoretical terrain. We conclude with a brief discussion of implications for future fan studies.

scholarly journals An Unpublished Manuscript of The Teaching of Khety (P. Turin CGT 54019)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Jurjens
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
Arabic Text ◽  
Additional Source ◽  
Unpublished Manuscript ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Medinet Habu ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shed Light

This paper is a publication of P. Turin CGT 54019, which contains an excerpt from The Teaching of Khety, also known as The Satire of the Trades. The papyrus provides a welcome additional source for the second part of the composition (chapters 21–30), particularly because it offers some interesting variants that are unparalleled in the other sources. After a brief introduction on variants in general, including scribal errors, these variants are discussed in detail. The colophon that concludes the papyrus is badly preserved. However, it mentions the mortuary temple of Ramesses III at Medinet Habu. This is quite remarkable, since locations are seldom referred to in the colophons of literary texts. These rare instances are analyzed here to try to reconstruct the manuscript’s colophon. Finally, the relationship between literary texts and mortuary temples is discussed to shed light on the social context of P. Turin CGT 54019. ملخص هذا النص هو إحدى منشورات P. Turin CGT 54019، والذي يحتوي على مقتطف من "وصايا خيتي" ، المعروف أيضاً باسم "مساوئ الحِرَف". تمثل البردية مصدراً إضافياً لمقدمة الجزء الثاني من العمل (الفصول 21-30)، وبالتحديد لأنها تقدم بعض المتغيرات المثيرة للاهتمام التي لا مثيل لها في المصادر الأخرى. بعد مقدمة موجزة عن المتغيرات بشكل عام، بما في ذلك أخطاء الكاتب، تمّت مناقشة هذه المتغيرات بالتفصيل. بيانات المنشور التي تختم بها البردية محفوظة بشكل سيئ. ومع ذلك فإنها تتحدث عن المعبد الجنائزي لرمسيس الثالث في مدينة هابو. هذا أمر جدير بالذكر، حيث نادراً ما يشار إلى موقع محدد في بيانات المنشور للنصوص الأدبية. يتم هنا دراسة وتحليل هذه الحالات النادرة لمحاولة إعادة بناء بيانات المنشور الخاصة بالمخطوطة. أخيراً، تمت مناقشة العلاقة بين النصوص الأدبية والمعابد الجنائزية لإلقاء الضوء على المنظومة الاجتماعية لـ P. Turin CGT 54019 .

Moral Metaphysics, Moral Psychology, and the Cognitive Sciences

2019 ◽  
pp. 73-98
Author(s):  
Peter Railton
Keyword(s):  
Moral Psychology ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Moral Metaphysics ◽  
Social Variation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Process Theories ◽  
Dual Process Theories ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Shed Light

Morality, like language, is a ubiquitous feature of contemporary human societies. Both cases exhibit social variation as well as cross-cultural similarities, and individual acquisition of largely tacit abilities to communicate and cooperate spontaneously in an open-ended array of circumstances. Cognitive science has shed light on how this is possible in the case of language, but recently has challenged whether human morality could actually live up to the character it purports to have (e.g., objective and nonparochial) or the social role it purports to play (e.g., in guiding judgment, motivation, and practices). Realism about morality is seen as at odds with understanding it scientifically. Challenges have been based upon “dual-process” theories and evolutionary psychology. A defense of realism can be given, however, on the strength of research supporting a picture of the mind as engaged in non-egocentric as well as egocentric causal-evaluative modeling of the physical and social world.

scholarly journals Society’s Perception on Residences in Development Area Attachment: A Case Study of PLPBK in Tulusrejo Village, Lowokwaru Sub-District, Malang City

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-50
Author(s):  
Devi Triwidya Sitaresmi ◽  
Ismu Rini Dwi Ari ◽  
I Nyoman Suluh Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Social Bonds ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Life Journey ◽  
Deep Meaning ◽  
Network Mapping

This study involved residents of RT 02 and RT 03, Tulusrejo sub-district. The setting of this study was one of the government’s target residence related to the project of Community-Based City and Residence Planning or Penataan Lingkungan Pemukiman Berbasis Komunitas (PLPBK), which success depended on society’s participation. Social bonds that result from long-term social interaction and life journey create emotional feeling upon their residences (Hummon, 1990). The place where people live and do their daily activities has certain deep meaning for them (Kyle et al, 2004), which at the same time affects the social psychological domain called place attachment (Lewicka, 2011). Thus, it was necessary to create strong social bonds and strengthen residents’ place attachment feeling for the success of the PLPBK program. In this study, social network mapping was analyzed using the Social Network Analysis (SNA). Meanwhile, to explain residents’ perception on their residence, Multidimensional Scaling was used. The result of this study exhibits that some social groups were formed upon certain similarities and membership of a certain organization. Besides, social groups were also formed by similar community attachment.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 5, Issue-1: 46-50

The Social Construction of a Gentrifying Neighborhood

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jackelyn Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Construction ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Cognitive Maps ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social ◽  
Shed Light

This study draws upon cognitive maps and interviews with 56 residents living in a gentrifying area to examine how residents socially construct neighborhoods. Most minority respondents, regardless of socioeconomic status and years of residency, defined their neighborhood as a large and inclusive spatial area, using a single name and conventional boundaries, invoking the area’s Black cultural history, and often directly responding to the alternative way residents defined their neighborhoods. Both long-term and newer White respondents defined their neighborhood as smaller spatial areas and used a variety of names and unconventional boundaries that excluded areas that they perceived to have lower socioeconomic status and more crime. The large and inclusive socially constructed neighborhood was eventually displaced. These findings shed light on how the internal narratives of neighborhood identity and boundaries are meaningfully tied to a broader structure of inequality and shape how neighborhood identities and boundaries change or remain.

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