scholarly journals Experimental Demonstration of MASH Based Sigma Delta Radio over Fiber System for 5G C-RAN Downlink

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Hadi ◽  
Muhammad Umair Hadi ◽  
Nelofar Aslam ◽  
Rafaqat Ali ◽  
Kiran Khurshid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Noise Shaping ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Sigma Delta ◽  
Digital Radio ◽  
Multi Stage

AbstractSigma Delta Radio over Fiber (S-DRoF) systems are looked upon as an enabling technology due to their advantages that comes due to combination of analog and digital radio over fiber (RoF) systems. In this paper, we have proposed and experimentally demonstrated a Multi-stAge-noise-SHaping (MASH) based Sigma Delta Modulated RoF system targeting 5G C-RAN (cloud/centralized radio access network) fronthaul applications. The evaluation has been done for LTE 20 MHz signal having 256 quadrature amplitude modulation with a carrier frequency of 3.5 GHz up to 5 Km of Standard Single Mode Fiber (SSMF). Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the design is explained followed by the experimental setup. The performance is reported in terms of error vector magnitude (EVM) and adjacent channel leakage ratio. It is concluded that S-DRoF substantiates the desired range of the 5G C-RAN fronthaul networks.

Performance Appraisal of Sigma Delta Modulated Radio over Fiber System

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Hadi ◽  
Nelofar Aslam ◽  
Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Performance Appraisal ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Sigma Delta Modulation ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Sigma Delta

AbstractRadio over fiber (RoF) is a promising solution for the next-generation wireless networks including fifth-generation Cloud/Centralized Radio Access Network (C-RAN). There exists a possibility to use Sigma Delta Modulated RoF (S-DRoF) that combines the advantages of analog RoF and digital RoF by means of sigma delta modulation (SDM) at the transmitter side subsequently replacing the employment of expensive and high-speed digital-to-analog converters. In this paper, we demonstrate the usage of second-order SDM for LTE 20 MHz signal having 64 QAM modulation on a central carrier frequency of 1.14 GHz for the implementation of S-DRoF for 20 km of standard single mode fiber with baud rate from 25 to 100 Mbaud. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the design of SDM is explained followed by the experimental setup. The performance is reported in terms of error vector magnitude, constellations and adjacent channel power ratio. The results show that the proposed architecture performance is in with accordance to the limitations set by the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project) standards and is a reasonable choice either for upgrading installed systems as well as for the new deployments.

Experimental evaluation of real-time sigma-delta radio over fiber system for fronthaul applications

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Hadi ◽  
Hyun Jung ◽  
Pier Andrea Traverso ◽  
Giovanni Tartarini
Keyword(s):  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Sigma Delta Modulation ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Sigma Delta ◽  
Radio Access ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Radio Over Fiber System

Abstract Sigma-delta radio over fiber (ΣΔ-RoF) is an expedient technology for next-generation networks including 5G cloud/centralized radio access networks (C-RAN). In this article, we demonstrate a realistic experimental scenario for ΣΔ-RoF link targeting C-RAN fronthaul applications, by using baseband second-order 1-bit sigma-delta modulation (ΣΔ-M). The experimental set-up validates the LTE 20 MHz signals having modulation order of 256-quadrature amplitude modulation for a carrier frequency of 3 GHz, up to 10 km of standard single mode fiber. A detailed analysis of the ΣΔ-RoF system performance is reported by adjacent channel leakage ratio and error vector magnitude. Furthermore, an experimental study is evaluated where ΣΔ-RoF is compared with its counterparts. It is deduced that ΣΔ-RoF corroborates the present range of C-RAN fronthaul networks and can be a promising candidate for future mobile haul applications.

scholarly journals Neural Network DPD for Aggrandizing SM-VCSEL-SSMF-Based Radio over Fiber Link Performance

Photonics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Hadi ◽  
Muhammad Awais ◽  
Mohsin Raza ◽  
Kiran Khurshid ◽  
Hyun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Computational Overhead ◽  
Link Performance ◽  
Modulation Signal ◽  
Experimental Findings ◽  
Memory Polynomial

This paper demonstrates an unprecedented novel neural network (NN)-based digital predistortion (DPD) solution to overcome the signal impairments and nonlinearities in Analog Optical fronthauls using radio over fiber (RoF) systems. DPD is realized with Volterra-based procedures that utilize indirect learning architecture (ILA) and direct learning architecture (DLA) that becomes quite complex. The proposed method using NNs evades issues associated with ILA and utilizes an NN to first model the RoF link and then trains an NN-based predistorter by backpropagating through the RoF NN model. Furthermore, the experimental evaluation is carried out for Long Term Evolution 20 MHz 256 quadraturre amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation signal using an 850 nm Single Mode VCSEL and Standard Single Mode Fiber to establish a comparison between the NN-based RoF link and Volterra-based Memory Polynomial and Generalized Memory Polynomial using ILA. The efficacy of the DPD is examined by reporting the Adjacent Channel Power Ratio and Error Vector Magnitude. The experimental findings imply that NN-DPD convincingly learns the RoF nonlinearities which may not suit a Volterra-based model, and hence may offer a favorable trade-off in terms of computational overhead and DPD performance.

scholarly journals RL-SARSA Machine Learning Based Analog Radio over Fiber System

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Hadi
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Bit Error Rate ◽  
Fiber Length ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Decision Method ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Radio Over Fiber System

We propose a 10-Gb/s 64-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal-based Radio over Fiber (RoF) system for 50 km of standard single mode fiber length which utilizes Reinforcement Learning (RL) SARSA based decision method to indicate an effective decision which mitigates nonlinearity. By utilizing RL-SARSA algorithm, the results demonstrate that significant reduction can be obtained in terms of bit error rate.

Radio-Over-Fiber Dual-Parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator System for Photonic Generation of Millimeter-Wave Signals Through Two Stages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Barros de Sousa ◽  
Fiterlinge M. de Sousa ◽  
Igor R. S. Miranda ◽  
Waldomiro Paschoal ◽  
Marcos B. C. Costa
Keyword(s):  
Millimeter Wave ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Access Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Mach Zehnder Modulator

Abstract In this work, we presented a radio-over-fiber (ROF) access network through two modulation stages for the generation of multiple millimeter wave (mm-wave) signals with frequencies of 20GHz, 40GHz, 60GHz and 80 GHz for the transmission rate of 10 Gbps as a function of the variation of link distance and signal power. The specific purpose of the paper was to design and to investigate a RoF system based on the variation of mm-wave frequencies in order to implement a simple and effective system. In stage 1, there are two modulators in parallel (MZMa and MZMb) called dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-MZM) and in stage 2 there is only one modulator (MZMc), connected to three pulse generators: Non-Return-to-Zero (NRZ), Return-to-Zero (RZ). A single-mode fiber (SMF) and Gaussian and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) were also used to send signals to base stations (BSs). The numerical analyzes of the results of the eye diagrams showed excellent bit error rate (BER) and quality factor (Q-factor) values, which proved the good performance of the proposed ROF DP-MZM system, for the three encoding formats used, which was able to generate 3-tupling mm-wave for multiple wireless accesses.

scholarly journals Digital Radio Frequency Transport over Optical Fiber for 5G Fronthaul Links

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Hadi ◽  
Hyun Jung ◽  
Pier Andrea Traverso ◽  
Giovanni Tartarini
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Networks ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Error Vector Magnitude ◽  
Digital Radio ◽  
Analog To Digital ◽  
Optical Links ◽  
Next Generation Wireless Networks

AbstractRadio over fiber (RoF) is an empowering technology for the next-generation wireless networks including fifth generation cloud radio access networks. In this paper, we propose a new fronthaul interface which has been demonstrated for a 20-MHz LTE signal having 64-Quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) modulation over 50 km of standard single-mode fiber. The proposed methodology potentially reduces the overall bandwidth requirement of the link. The performance analysis has been demonstrated for conventional analog RoF (A-RoF) and proposed digital RoF (D-RoF). As a figure of merit, the performance evaluation of the two architectures is reported by analyzing error vector magnitude (EVM), signal-to-noise ratio and eye-opening penalty. It is shown that digital optical links can mitigate the impairments present in A-RoF links and can support the transmission up to 50 km. Moreover, it is shown that efficient D-RoF links can be obtained with a relatively low amount of analog-to–digital-converter resolution bits. For the D-RoF link, the EVM was measured to be less than 2 % at 50 km. This is within the LTE specifications, proving it as a cost and power effective solution for next-generation wireless networks.

scholarly journals Optical Multilevel Pulse Width Modulation for Analog Mobile Fronthaul

Photonics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Lorenzo Combi ◽  
Alberto Gatto ◽  
Pierpaolo Boffi ◽  
Umberto Spagnolini ◽  
Paola Parolari
Keyword(s):  
Wavelength Division Multiplexing ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Optical Network ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Passive Optical Network ◽  
Modulation Formats ◽  
Digital Radio

The evolution of radio access networks is towards a centralized architecture (C-RAN), with massive antenna deployments and large radio-frequency bandwidths. In the next future, traditional optical transport technologies based on digital radio over fiber will no longer be able to support the mobile fronthaul traffic connecting antennas hosted at remote radio units and centralized baseband units. Analog radio over fiber can be selected to support the mobile fronthaul (MFH) network and, in particular, pulse width modulation (PWM) is a viable alternative for analog signal transport. In order to increase the MFH spectral efficiency, we propose to exploit multilevel PWM (M-PWM) in a wavelength division multiplexing-passive optical network (WDM-PON) network, comparing its performance with a conventional 2-level PWM solution. Experimental results show successful transmission over 7.5-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF) of up to 16 aggregated LTE-like 20-MHz signals with 64-QAM on each subcarrier, while up to eight aggregated LTE-like 20-MHz signals with 256-QAM could be supported. M-PWM thus allows either using higher order modulation formats or aggregating a higher number of LTE channels.

scholarly journals Impact of Combine Dithering and Modulators to Mitigate Noise in Radio Over Fiber System

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 428
Author(s):  
Fakhriy Hario ◽  
Eka Maulana ◽  
Hadi Suyono ◽  
Rini N Hasanah ◽  
Sholeh H Pramono
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fiber ◽  
Group Velocity Dispersion ◽  
Nonlinear Problems ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Optical Amplifier ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Single Mode Fiber ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Spectrum Distribution

<p>A well-prepared Radio over Fiber (RoF) is a technology that combines two transmission technologies, radio and optical fiber transmissions. The study focused on the characteristics and problems of the optical fiber medium. One of the problems in the optical fiber is the effect of nonlinear characteristic, which caused by the high light intensity in the optical fiber core with extended interaction area in a single mode fiber (SMF). This characteristic reduces the output width and creates a pulse broadening. The nonlinear characteristics discussed in this study focused on SPM (self-phase modulation) and GVD (Group Velocity Dispersion). To overcome the nonlinear problems, this study presented a method to make the noise-resistant transmitted signal and improve the optical fiber power range. The fundamental of this study was developing similarities of previous studies regarding nonlinearity in the optical fiber. The results show that the use of two modulators combined with the amplification generated the signal with smoother spectrum, which means that the spectrum distribution was more uniform. There was 61.5 % increase of the peak power of the output signal after amplification using an optical amplifier.</p>

A High Speed and Ultra Long-Haul Radio-Over-Fiber System Employing Dual Photoelectric Arms Coherent Modulation and Optical Duo-Binary Coding

2014 ◽  
Vol 988 ◽  
pp. 544-547
Author(s):  
Guang Li
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Continuous Wave ◽  
Single Mode ◽  
Fiber Amplifier ◽  
Radio Over Fiber ◽  
Laser Source ◽  
Signal Spectrum ◽  
Fiber System ◽  
Binary Coding ◽  
Coherent Modulation

A novel high speed and ultra long-haul radio-over-fiber (ROF) system based on Dual Photoelectric Arms Coherent Modulation (DPACM) and Optical Duo-Binary Coding (ODBC) is proposed, and demonstrated. The signal spectrum bandwidth, generated by ODBC based on the first order DPACM, is half of non-return-to-zero (NRZ ) signal spectrum bandwidth. The secondary order DPACM generates a 40-GHz Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) that is transmitted over fiber (ROF). The simulation results show that, the bit rate can be up to 40 Gbps and the transmission distance is over 1500 Km, based on the ROF system with a 0 dBm continuous-wave laser source, multiple stages Er-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA), a standard single mode fiber (SSMF) with a dispersion of 17 ps/nm/Km and a attenuation of 0.2 dB/Km.

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