scholarly journals Microencapsulation Technique with Organic Additives for Biocontrol Agents

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szczech ◽  
Robert Maciorowski
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Alginate Matrix

AbstractThe aim of these studies was to develop an effective formulation for microbial strains active in plant protection. Emulsification technique in oil was used to produce alginate microcapsules supplemented with organic additives to improve production process and stability of the preparations during storage. The release of microorganisms from the capsules in soil and their effectiveness in biocontrol of Fusarium wilt were evaluated. Three bacterial strainsBurkholderia cepaciastrain CAT5,Bacillusspp. strains PZ9 and SZ61, and fungusTrichoderma virensTRS106 were immobilized separately in calcium alginate supplemented with chitosan, peat powder, or skim milk. The productivity of microcapsules was enhanced by 60% when peat was added to the alginate matrix. Peat reduced also contamination of the capsules during storage, significantly enhancing their quality. By contrast, the addition of skim milk reduced quality of the microcapsules. The additives did not influence the viability of entrapped microorganisms and their release in soil. The survival of the microbial cells was mainly related to the kind of microorganism used, and the highest viability showedBacillussp. PZ9 andTrichodermaTRS106. Lyophilization of the microcapsules appeared to be unfavorable by reducing microbial viability in the capsules and in the soil after application. The best properties: good storage ability and sufficient microbial release in the soil, exhibited wet microcapsules amended with peat. These capsules were used to control Fusarium wilt in tomato plants. The protective effect was obtained when the microcapsule-entrapped bacteria PZ9 were used. The effectiveness of this bacterium was comparable with fungicide. Peat-amended microcapsules entrappingBacillusPZ9 showed the best quality and may have potential for commercial use.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Various Fungal and Bacterial Biocontrol Organisms for Control of Fusarium Wilt of Tomato

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (9) ◽  
pp. 1022-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P. Larkin ◽  
Deborah R. Fravel
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Trichoderma Spp ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Potting Medium ◽  
Gliocladium Virens ◽  
Infested Field

Numerous fungi and bacteria, including existing biocontrol strains with known activity against soilborne fungal pathogens as well as isolates collected from the roots and rhizosphere of tomato plants growing in the field, were tested for their efficacy in controlling Fusarium wilt of tomato. Tomato seedlings were treated with the potential biocontrol agents in the greenhouse and transplanted into pathogen-infested field soil. Organisms tested included nonpathogenic strains of Fusarium spp., Trichoderma spp., Gliocladium virens, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Burkholderia cepacia, and others. Specific nonpathogenic isolates of F. oxysporum and F. solani collected from a Fusarium wilt-suppressive soil were the most effective antagonists, providing significant and consistent disease control (50 to 80% reduction of disease incidence) in several repeated tests. These isolates also were equally effective in controlling Fusarium wilt diseases of other crops, including watermelon and muskmelon. Other organisms, including isolates of G. virens, T. hamatum, P. fluorescens, and B. cepacia, also significantly reduced Fusarium wilt compared to disease controls (30 to 65% reduction), but were not as consistently effective as the nonpathogenic Fusarium isolates. Commercially available biocontrol products containing G. virens and T. harzianum (SoilGard and RootShield, respectively) also effectively reduced disease (62 to 68% reduction) when granules were incorporated into potting medium at 0.2% (wt/vol). Several fungal and bacterial isolates collected from the roots and rhizosphere of tomato plants also significantly reduced Fusarium wilt of tomato, but were no more effective than other previously identified biocontrol strains. Combinations of antagonists, including multiple Fusarium isolates, Fusarium with bacteria, and Fusarium with other fungi, also reduced disease, but did not provide significantly better control than the nonpathogenic Fusarium antagonists alone.

Preliminary in Vitro Investigations on The Inhibitory Activity of The Original Dietary Supplement Oxidal® on Pathogenic Bacterial Strains

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 37-43
Author(s):  
Prof. Teodora P. Popova ◽  
Toshka Petrova ◽  
Ignat Ignatov ◽  
Stoil Karadzhov
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Supplement ◽  
Broad Spectrum ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Clinical Effectiveness ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Microbial Strains

The antimicrobial action of the dietary supplement Oxidal® was tested using the classic Bauer and Kirby agar-gel diffusion method. Clinical and reference strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were used in the studies. The tested dietary supplement showed a well-pronounced inhibitory effect against the microbial strains commensurable with that of the broad-spectrum chemotherapeutic agent Enrofloxacin and showed even higher activity than the broad spectrum antibiotic Thiamphenicol. The proven inhibitory effect of the tested dietary supplement against the examined pathogenic bacteria is in accordance with the established clinical effectiveness standards for antimicrobial agents.

INFLUENCE OF SOME NATURAL ORGANIC ADDITIVES ON THE QUALITY OF VEGETAL COMPOST

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 1041-1048
Author(s):  
Irina Smical ◽  
Adriana Muntean ◽  
Valer Micle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Additives

scholarly journals Effect of the Application Date of Fertilizer Containing Silicon and Potassium on the Yield and Technological Quality of Sugar Beet Roots

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Artyszak ◽  
Dariusz Gozdowski ◽  
Alicja Siuda
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Time Of Application ◽  
Technological Quality

Water shortage and drought are a growing problem in Europe. Therefore, effective methods for limiting its effects are necessary. At the same time, the “field to fork” strategy adopted by the European Commission aims to achieve a significant reduction in the use of plant protection products and fertilizers in the European Union. In an experiment conducted in 2018–2020, the effect of the method of foliar fertilization containing silicon and potassium on the yield and technological quality of sugar beet roots was assessed. The fertilizer was used in seven combinations, differing in the number and time of application. The best results were obtained by treating plants during drought stress. The better soil moisture for the plants, the smaller the pure sugar yield increase was observed. It is difficult to clearly state which combination of silicon and potassium foliar application is optimal, as their effects do not differ greatly.

The effects of different amounts of liquid skim-milk on pork pigs with particular reference to carcass quality

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Barber ◽  
R. Braude ◽  
Zena D. Hosking ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Quality ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Caloric Value ◽  
Calculated Energy ◽  
Matter Basis

SUMMARY1. Seventy-two individually fed pigs on six treatments were used to determine the effects on performance and in particular on carcass quality of (a) giving quantities of liquid skim-milk (preserved with formalin) in excess of those normally recommended; (b) replacing meal by skim-milk in the ration on a calculated dry-matter basis (1 gal. skim-milk equivalent to 1 · 1 lb. meal) as compared with a calculated energy basis (1 gal. skim-milk equivalent to 1 · 3 lb. meal) and (c) giving skim-milk for only a part of the growing period instead of throughout. The experimental period continued from 9–10 weeks of age until slaughter at an average live-weight of 135 lb.2. Extensive carcass measurements were taken and in addition assessment of the carcasses was made by a representative of the County Quality Pork Association and by an expert pork butcher.3. Carcasses from pigs given an all-meal diet were comparable in all respects with those from pigs given skim-milk throughout up to a maximum of either 5¼ or 10½ pints per pig per day.4. Carcasses from pigs given the highest level of skim-milk (maximum of 15¾ pints per pig per day) were superior in many respects to those on any of the other treatments, but the possibility that this was due to their slower rate of growth rather than to the high level of milk per se, is discussed.5. Pigs given skim-milk as replacement of part of their meal allowance on a calculated dry matter basis grew significantly faster than those in which the replacement was made on a calculated energy basis or than those given an all-meal diet. The importance is stressed of ensuring that in assessing the value of skim-milk for pigs the caloric value of the rations being compared is similar. The need for experiments based on actual determinations of the caloric value of the rations used is also emphasised.6. While the performance of pigs given skim-milk up to 75 lb. live-weight only was similar to that of pigs given skim-milk throughout, evidence was obtained that the quality of their carcasses was slightly inferior.7. There was some suggestion that as the level of skim-milk in the diet increased an eye muscle of a rather paler colour was produced.

scholarly journals The effect of using grafted seedlings on the yield and quality of tomatoes grown in greenhouses 

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 76-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Soare ◽  
Maria Dinu ◽  
Cristina Babeanu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Appreciable Effect ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Production Characteristics

This study was aimed at observing the effect of the grafting of tomato plants on morphological (vegetative growth), production and nutritive characteristics (quantity and quality of production). For this purpose, the ‘Lorely F1’ cultivar was used as a scion grafted onto the ‘Beaufort’ rootstock. Plants were cultivated with a stem and two stems. The observations collected in this study were concerned with the characteristics of plant growth. The studied morphological characteristics were plant height, stem diameter and number of leaves, and the studied production characteristics were the characteristics of fructification and productivity (the average number of fruit per plant, the average weight of the fruit, production per plant). Particular attention was paid to the nutritional characteristics of the fruit, to the fruit quality (total soluble solids, total sugar, acidity, vitamin C, antioxidant activity (by the Trolox method) and the contents of lycopene and beta-carotene). The results showed that grafting positively influenced the growth and production characteristics. Grafting of tomato plants had an appreciable effect on the vegetative growth of the variant 2-grafted tomatoes with a stem. The best option in terms of productivity and production was the variant 3-grafted tomatoes with two stems, which yielded 9.2 kg per plant. Fruit quality was not improved in any of the grafted variants. 

scholarly journals Evaluation of Lipases from Wild Microbial Strains as Biocatalysts in Biodiesel Production

Separations ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Luna ◽  
Diego Luna ◽  
Felipa Bautista ◽  
Juan Calero ◽  
Antonio Romero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Mild Conditions ◽  
New Type ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Microbial Strain ◽  
Biodiesel Industry

In this study, the evaluation of the catalytic behavior of several wild bacterial strains in the 1,3-selective ethanolysis of triglycerides with ethanol to produce a new type of biodiesel (Ecodiesel) that integrates glycerol as monoacylglycerols was carried out. The Ecodiesel production not only avoids the elimination of glycerol, which is largely generated as a by-product in the biodiesel industry, but also results in an increase in the biofuel yield. The wild microbial strain samples were obtained from several lipophilic organisms. In addition to evaluate the enzymatic extracts, the minimum grade of purification of the strains, necessary to obtain similar results to those attained with commercial lipases was studied. This purification treatment included a dialysis followed by a lyophilization process. Such extracts were directly used as biocatalysts in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil with ethanol, attaining much better results (yield close to 100%) than those obtained with strains which were not submitted to the purification process (yields lower than 10%). Furthermore, the results here obtained are similar to those obtained with commercial lipases but were achieved under mild conditions and lower reaction time (2 h). In addition, the stability of the enzymatic extracts was corroborated by subsequent reactions, showing no loss of activity. Thus, this study brings to light that enzymatic extracts obtained by a very simple purification process can be economically competitive with the conventional biodiesel production methods.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BACILLUS GINSENGIHUMI M2.11 AND PANTOEA BRENNERI AS3 ON PLANT BIOMASS GROWTH AND SEED GERMINATION ENERGY

ÈKOBIOTEH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
D.L. Itkina ◽  
◽  
L.V. Sokolnikova ◽  
A.D. Suleimanova ◽  
M.R. Sharipova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Culture Fluid ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Active Metabolites

In the modern conditions of agricultural development, the use of microbiological preparations as an alternative to mineral fertilizers and chemical plant protection products is gaining wide interest and practical significance. Soil microorganisms have the ability to interact with the root system of plants, optimize mineral nutrition, synthesize growth hormones and antimicrobial compounds that inhibit the development of phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria and have a stimulating effect on the growth and development of cultivated crops, increasing their resistance to phytopathogens and stress. The search for environmentally friendly technologies, the use of enzymes and active metabolites of bacterial origin, or the use of bacterial strains that promote plant growth is a promising direction. The effect of culture fluid of Bacillus ginsengihumi and Pantoea brenneri on the average length of the plant stem was studied. When processing wheat seeds of P. brenner AS3, the length of the first leaf increased by 50%, and B. ginsengihumi M2.11 by 25%.

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